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Colorado Springs, Colorado, spectacularly located at the foot of Pike's Peak, was the site of the joint 1983 Cryogenic Engineer ing Conference - International Cryogenic Materials Conference. Volume 29 of Advances in Cryogenic Engineering contains 116 of the papers presented at the 1983 Cryogenic Engineering Confer ence.

The 1985 joint Cryogenic Engineering/International Cryogenic Materi- als Conference was held on the campus of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.

The University of Colorado and the National Bureau of Standards have once again served as hosts for the Cryogenic Engineering Conference in Boulder, Colorado.

The National Bureau of Standards Boulder Laboratories at Boulder, Colorado once again served as the host for the 1972 Cryogenic Engineering Conference.

Support from the National Science Foundation has made it possible for the tenth annual Cryogenic Engineering Conference, hosted by the University of Pennsylvania and capably directed by K.

The 1959 Cryogenic Engineering Conference Committee is pleased to pre sent the papers of the 1959 Cryogenic Engineering Conference. vii ACKNOWLEDGMENT The Cryogenic Engineering Conference Committee is deeply grateful for the continued support and interest of the following organizations who made the 1959 Cryogenic Engineering Conference possible.

The 1960 Cryogenic Engineering Conference Committee is pleased to present the papers of the 1960 Cryogenic Engineering Conference.

1969 marked the return of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference, now affiliated with the National Academy ofSciences through the Division ofEngineering, National Research Council, to the University of California at Los Angeles.

The 1965 Cryogenic Engineering Conference, in presenting the papers of its eleventh annual meeting takes this opportunity to gratefuIly acknowledge the assistance of Rice University and, in particular, R. The highlight of this conference has been the presentation of the highest Cryogenic Engineering Conference award-The Samuel C.

The First International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) provided a new forum for the presentation of low-temperature materials research.

These sessions were divided into the following general topics: Cryogenic Processes Cryogenic Equipment Cryogenic Properties Cryogenic Applications Bubble Chambers The division in some cases had to be somewhat arbitrary since several papers could have been classified under more than one general topic.

Cryogenic engineering is concerned with developing and improving low temperature processes, techniques, and equipment; It is rather difficult to assign a definite temperature which serves to divide refrigerating engineering from cryogenic engineering.

1970 marked the seventh return of the Cryogenic Engineering Conference, now affiliated with the National Academy of Sciences through the Division of Engineering, National Research Council, to Boulder, Colorado.

Even though no Cryogenic Engineering Conference was held in 1971, it became quite evident to the Conference Board that there were sufficient advances in cryogenic engineering to warrant the publication of Volume 17 of the Advances in Cryogenic Engineering.

The 1961 Cryogenic Engineering Conference Committee is pleased to present the papers of the 1961 Cryogenic Engineering Conference. The Conference Committee in presenting the papers oftbis Conference takes this opportunity to acknowledge the assistance of an Editorial Committee in the selection of papers for the program.

The year 1973 marked the first time that Atlanta, one of the cultural centers of the South, has hosted the Cryogenic Engineering Conference since its beginning in 1954. These included a Conference theme on the subject of "Energy and the Environment," a new Conference format, and the beginning of a new Conference frequency of biennial meetings.

The Second International Cryogenic Materials Conference (ICMC) was held in Boulder, Colorado, in conjunction with the 1977 Cryogenic Engineering Con ference (CEC).

With the 1975 Cryogenic Engineering Conference this se ries enters the third decade of presenting the latest advances in the field of cryogenic engineering. The Cryogenic Engineering Conference was also pleased to have the Interna tional Cryogenic Materials Conference join them in this meeting.