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This book examines the control of prison disorder through the application of situational crime prevention principles. It presents a new model of situational prevention with applications beyond institutions to community settings, and examines problem behaviours, providing comprehensive reviews of prison control literature not depending upon a situational crime prevention interest.

Legacies of Crime explores the lives of seriously delinquent girls and boys in the United States over a twenty-year period as they grew to adulthood. In-depth interviews with the women, men and children depict the adults' economic and social disadvantages and continued criminal involvement, and the impact on their children.

Despite a century of effort, criminologists do not yet fully understand the relationship between disadvantage and crime. This book challenges the conventional view that disadvantage causes crime because it motivates people to offend, and argues instead that disadvantage causes crime because it disrupts the parenting process.

This book presents one of the world's most descriptive accounts of the criminal careers of 411 South London boys followed to age 40. It highlights the longitudinal patterning of criminal activity as well as the factors that distinguish between different types of offenders.

In recent years there has been a significant increase in crime amongst persons suffering from major mental disorders. In this important new book the authors attempt to describe the criminality of the mentally ill and to identify the complex chain of factors which cause it.

Policing Gangs in America describes the assumptions, issues, problems, and events that define the police response to gangs in America today. This 2006 book is broadly focused on describing how gang units respond to community gang problems and analyzes the police response to gangs in the context of community policing.

Throughout American history, crime and punishment have been central features of American political development. This 2006 book examines the development of four key movements that mediated the construction of the carceral state in important ways: the victims' movement, the women's movement, the prisoners' rights movement, and opponents of the death penalty.

The book examines the connections between drug misuse and crime. Based on the results of nearly 5,000 interviews from the New English and Welsh Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring (NEW-ADAM) programme, it explores specific drug-crime connections and topics such as gender, ethnicity, gangs, guns, drug markets, and treatment needs.

In Companions in Crime, Mark Warr organizes the extensive literature on peer influence and group delinquency into a coherent form for the first time. The principal thesis of the book is that deviant behavior is predominantly social behavior, and criminologists must eventually determine the significance of that fact.

This study of co-offending relations among over 22,000 youths in Stockholm employs the methods of network analysis which makes it possible to study the ties, social bonds, interactions, differential associations and connections that are central to many of the sociologically oriented theories on the aetiology of crime.

Why are females rarely antisocial and males antisocial so often? This is one of the key questions addressed in a fresh approach to sex differences in the causes, course and consequences of antisocial behaviour. This book will be an invaluable resource for all those interested in antisocial behaviour.

Why do corporations comply with the law? When companies violate the law, what kinds of interventions are most apt to return them to compliant status? Simpson's aim is to examine whether a shift towards criminal law with its emphasis on punishment and stigmatization will be a successful crime control strategy.

This 2005 book investigates the current state of industrial espionage, showing the far-reaching effects of advances in computing and wireless communications and provides an analytic overview and assessment of the changing nature of crime in the burgeoning information society.

This book examines the use of force by police officers. It includes a brief survey of prior research, and then goes on to present important data and findings. The authors put forward a conceptual framework, the Authority Maintenance Theory, for examining and assessing police use of force.

Unable to keep up with increased numbers of convicted offenders, governments and criminal justice systems are seeking new ways to control and punish offenders. One sanction adopted in Canada, parts of Europe and the US is community custody. This book analyses its effectiveness and its implications for offenders and society.

A fresh perspective on the assessment of criminal justice policy, examining the prospect of assessing policies based on their impact on errors of justice: the error of failing to bring offenders to justice and the error of imposing costs on innocent people and excessive costs on offenders.

This book examines how membership in adolescent street gangs influences human development. The authors examine the origins of gang membership and the social and psychological factors that lead some youths to join a gang. They show that gang membership increases the chances of developmental problems.

This study is based on three years of field work with 99 active gang members and 24 family members. Through extensive interviews, the book describes the attractiveness of gangs, the process of joining, their chaotic and loose organization, and their members' usual activities.

Between 1965 and 1990, federal judges in almost all of the states handed down sweeping rulings that affected virtually every prison and jail in the United States. This book provides an account of this process, and uses it to explore the more general issue of the role of courts in the modern bureaucratic state.

An analysis of multiple-offender sentencing combining rare insight into judicial thinking derived from experienced judges 'think aloud' records with a rule-based and numerical model of decision-making. A solution is offered to the problem of proportionality between offence seriousness and punishment severity in multiple offence cases.

This book addresses why criminal offenders repeat their actions after being released from prison. Over 300 serious male criminal repeat offenders were interviewed and tested. The results indicate that their new offenses may be the result of something like a 'breakdown'. The report, for a general audience, has important implications.

This field study, featuring intensive interviews of youth living on the streets of Toronto and Vancouver, examines why youth take to the streets, their struggles to survive, victimization, involvement in crime, contacts with the police, and efforts to rejoin conventional society. Major theories of youth crime are analyzed and reappraised.

Relentless fiscal pressures faced by the public police over the last few decades have meant that police organisations have had to find new ways to obtain and harness the resources needed to achieve their goals. Through entering into relationships of coercion, commercial exchange, and gift with a wide variety of external institutions and individuals operating in both public and private capacities, police organisations have risen to this challenge. Indeed, police organisations are increasingly operating within a business paradigm. But what are the benefits of these relationships and the nature of the risks that might accompany reliance upon them? This book examines these new modes of exchange between police and 'outsiders' and explores how far these relationships can be taken before certain fundamental values - equity in the distribution of policing, cost-effectiveness in the delivery of police services, and the legitimacy of the police institution itself - are placed in jeopardy.

During the past 25 years, the prison population in America shot upward to reach a staggering 1.53 million by 2005. This book takes a broad, critical look at incarceration, the huge social experiment of American society. The authors investigate the causes and consequences of the prison buildup, often challenging previously held notions from scholarly and public discourse. By examining such themes as social discontent, safety and security within prisons, and the impact on crime and on the labour market, Piehl and Useem use evidence to address the inevitable larger question, where should incarceration go next for American society, and where is it likely to go?

Race and Policing in America is about relations between police and citizens, with a focus on racial differences. It utilizes both the authors' own research and other studies to examine Americans' opinions, preferences, and personal experiences regarding the police. Guided by group-position theory and using both existing studies and the authors' own quantitative and qualitative data (from a nationally representative survey of whites, blacks, and Hispanics), this book examines the roles of personal experience, knowledge of others' experiences (vicarious experience), mass media reporting on the police, and neighborhood conditions (including crime and socioeconomic disadvantage) in structuring citizen views in four major areas: overall satisfaction with police in one's city and neighborhood, perceptions of several types of police misconduct, perceptions of police racial bias and discrimination, and evaluations of and support for a large number of reforms in policing.

Street criminals live in a dangerous world, but they cannot realistically rely on the criminal justice system to protect them from predation by fellow lawbreakers; they are on their own when it comes to dealing with crimes perpetrated against them and often use retaliation as a mechanism for deterring and responding to victimization. Although retaliation lies at the heart of much of the violence that plagues many inner-city neighborhoods across the United States, it has received scant attention from criminologists. As a result, the structure, process, and forms of retaliation in the real world setting of urban America remain poorly understood. Street Justice: Retaliation in the Criminal World, first published in 2006, explores the face of modern day retaliation from the perspective of currently active criminals who have experienced it first hand, as offenders, victims, or both.

Using multiple data sources and methods, this book involves a micro-historical analysis of the nature of change and stability in homicide situations over time. It focuses on the homicide situation as the unit of analysis, and explores similarities and differences in the context of homicide for different social groups. For example, using Qualitative Comparative Analysis, we investigate whether various social groups (e.g., men vs women, teenagers vs adults, strangers vs intimates, Blacks vs Whites) kill under qualitatively different circumstances and, if so, what are the characteristics of these unique profiles. The analysis of over 400,000 US homicides is supplemented with qualitative analysis of narrative accounts of homicide events to more fully investigate the structure and process underlying these lethal situations. Our findings of unique and common homicide situations across different time periods and social groups are then discussed in terms of their implications for criminological theory and public policy.

Third party policing represents a major shift in contemporary crime control practices. As the lines blur between criminal and civil law, responsibility for crime control no longer rests with state agencies but is shared between a wide range of organisations, institutions or individuals. The first comprehensive book of its kind, Third Party Policing examines this growing phenomenon, arguing that it is the legal basis of third party policing that defines it as a unique strategy. Opening up the debate surrounding this controversial topic, the authors examine civil and regulatory controls necessary to this strategy and explore the historical, legal, political and organizational environment that shape its adoption. This innovative book combines original research with a theoretical framework that reaches far beyond criminology into politics and economics. It offers an important addition to the world-wide debate about the nature and future of policing and will prove invaluable to scholars and policy makers.

What Works in Corrections, first published in 2006, examines the impact of correctional interventions, management policies, treatment and rehabilitation programs on the recidivism of offenders and delinquents. The book reviews different strategies for reducing recidivism and describes how the evidence for effectiveness is assessed. Thousands of studies were examined in order to identify those of sufficient scientific rigor to enable conclusions to be drawn about the impact of various interventions, policies and programs on recidivism. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses were performed to further examine these results. This book assesses the relative effectiveness of rehabilitation programs (e.g., education, life skills, employment, cognitive behavioral), treatment for different types of offenders (e.g. sex offenders, batterers, juveniles), management and treatment of drug-involved offenders (e.g., drug courts, therapeutic communities, outpatient drug treatment) and punishment, control and surveillance interventions (boot camps, intensive supervision, electronic monitoring). Through her extensive research, MacKenzie illustrates which of these programs are most effective and why.

For more than three decades, rational-choice theory has reigned as the dominant approach both for interpreting crime and as underpinning for crime-control programs. Although it has been applied to an array of street crimes, white-collar crime and those who commit it have thus far received less attention. Choosing White-Collar Crime is a systematic application of rational-choice theory to problems of explaining and controlling white-collar crime. It distinguishes ordinary and upperworld white-collar crime and presents reasons theoretically for believing that both have increased substantially in recent decades. Reasons for the increase include the growing supply of white-collar lure and non-credible oversight. Choosing White-Collar Crime also examines criminal decision making by white-collar criminals and their criminal careers. The book concludes with reasons for believing that problems of white-collar crime will continue unchecked in the increasingly global economy and calls for strengthened citizen movements to rein in the increases.