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This book discusses the design and performance analysis of SDRAM controllers that cater to both real-time and best-effort applications, i.e.

This programmer-centric book delivers a practical introduction to embedded software development, with a focus on open-source components. It is written in a way that enables even novice practitioners to grasp the development process as a whole. Incorporating real code fragments and explicit open-source RTOS references throughout, the text defines

The proliferation of multicore processors in the embedded market for Internet-of-Things (IoT) and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) makes developing real-time embedded applications increasingly difficult. What is the underlying theory that makes multicore real-time possible? How does theory influence application design? When is a real-time operating system (RTOS) useful? What RTOS features do applications need? How does a mature RTOS help manage the complexity of multicore hardware?Real-Time Systems Development with RTEMS and Multicore Processors answers these questions and more with exemplar Real-Time Executive for Multiprocessor Systems (RTEMS) RTOS to provide concrete advice and examples for constructing useful, feature-rich applications. RTEMS is free, open-source software that supports multi-processor systems for over a dozen CPU architectures and over 150 specific system boards in applications spanning the range of IoT and CPS domains such as satellites, particle accelerators, robots, racing motorcycles, building controls, medical devices, and more.The focus of this book is on enabling real-time embedded software engineering while providing sufficient theoretical foundations and hardware background to understand the rationale for key decisions in RTOS and application design and implementation. The topics covered in this book include:Cross-compilation for embedded systems developmentConcurrent programming models used in real-time embedded softwareReal-time scheduling theory and algorithms used in wide practiceUsage and comparison of two application programmer interfaces (APIs) in real-time embedded software: POSIX and the RTEMS Classic APIsDesign and implementation in RTEMS of commonly found RTOS features for schedulers, task management, time-keeping, inter-task synchronization, inter-task communication, and networkingThe challenges introduced by multicore hardware, advances in multicore real-time theory, and software engineering multicore real-time systems with RTEMSAll the authors of this book are experts in the academic field of real-time embedded systems. Two of the authors are primary open-source maintainers of the RTEMS software project.

Unlike other books that focus on a single abstraction level such circuit level or system level alone, the focus of this book is to deal with the different reliability challenges across different levels starting from the physical level all the way to the system level (cross-layer approaches).

This book provides comprehensive coverage of verification and debugging techniques for embedded software, which is frequently used in safety critical applications (e.g., automotive), where failures are unacceptable.

This book discusses analysis, design and optimization techniques for streaming multiprocessor systems, while satisfying a given area, performance, and energy budget. The design flow described in this book extends to thermal and energy optimization with multiple applications running sequentially and concurrently.

This book covers the current communication architectures that are implemented in manufactured systems-on-chip, as well as those that are being proposed to overcome the existing limitations. The text addresses well-established communication buses and less-common networks on chip, along with modern technologies that propose the use of carbon nano tubes and optical links to speed up data transfer and increase both security levels and quality of service. Contributors address on-chip transaction security involving critical information and the mechanisms to protect from an external attack, examining different communication protocols and their impact on system performance.

This book gives readers a hands-on, working knowledge of real-time operating systems and how they can be applied in the embedded system domain. The authors assess various case studies, using them as running examples to reinforce introduction of theoretical material. They also discuss increasingly popular open-source operating systems. Helpful for average system designers that have no significant previous experience with real-time operating systems, this book's content will help readers understand the benefits and weaknesses of each. With this knowledge, they can decide whether or not to adopt it for a project, or rely on more traditional, but less powerful, techniques.

Readers will benefit from a new design and analysis framework for multiprocessor real-time systems, which will translate into a significantly enhanced ability to provide formally verified, safety-critical real-time systems at a significantly lower cost.

Embedded Software Development: The Open-Source Approach delivers a practical introduction to embedded software development, with a focus on open-source components. This programmer-centric book is written in a way that enables even novice practitioners to grasp the development process as a whole. Incorporating real code fragments and explicit, real-world open-source operating system references (in particular, FreeRTOS) throughout, the text: Defines the role and purpose of embedded systems, describing their internal structure and interfacing with software development tools Examines the inner workings of the GNU compiler collection (GCC)-based software development system or, in other words, toolchain Presents software execution models that can be adopted profitably to model and express concurrency Addresses the basic nomenclature, models, and concepts related to task-based scheduling algorithms Shows how an open-source protocol stack can be integrated in an embedded system and interfaced with other software components Analyzes the main components of the FreeRTOS Application Programming Interface (API), detailing the implementation of key operating system concepts Discusses advanced topics such as formal verification, model checking, runtime checks, memory corruption, security, and dependability Embedded Software Development: The Open-Source Approach capitalizes on the authors'' extensive research on real-time operating systems and communications used in embedded applications, often carried out in strict cooperation with industry. Thus, the book serves as a springboard for further research.

Event-based systems are a class of reactive systems, characterized by efficient utilization of communication, computation and energy resources, deployed in a wide spectrum of engineering disciplines including control, communication, signal processing, and electronic instrumentation. This book contains 23 chapters contributed by more than 60 leading researchers from around the world. It provides an up-to-date picture of the developments in event-based control and signal processing, with a focus on networked sensor and control systems.

Readers learn step-by-step the key requirements for debugging a modern, silicon SOC implementation, nine factors that complicate this debugging task, and a new debug approach that addresses these requirements and complicating factors.

This book gives readers a hands-on, working knowledge of real-time operating systems and how they can be applied in the embedded system domain. The authors assess various case studies, using them as running examples to reinforce introduction of theoretical material. They also discuss increasingly popular open-source operating systems. Helpful for average system designers that have no significant previous experience with real-time operating systems, this book¿s content will help readers understand the benefits and weaknesses of each. With this knowledge, they can decide whether or not to adopt it for a project, or rely on more traditional, but less powerful, techniques.

This book provides a comprehensive introduction to embedded systems for smart appliances and energy management, bringing together for the first time a multidisciplinary blend of topics from embedded systems, information technology and power engineering.

"Embedded computers are by far the most common type of computer in use today. Ninety-eight percent of all computing devices are embedded in different kinds of electronic equipment such as automotive, industrial automation, telecommunications, consumer electronics and health/medical systems. Due to the many different and, partially, contradicting requirements, there exists no single model for building embedded systems. Well-known tradeoffs are predictability versus flexibility or resource adequacy versus best-effort strategies. Therefore, the chosen system model depends strongly on the requirements of the application"--

This book covers the current communication architectures that are implemented in manufactured systems-on-chip, as well as those that are being proposed to overcome the existing limitations. The text addresses well-established communication buses and less-common networks on chip, along with modern technologies that propose the use of carbon nano tubes and optical links to speed up data transfer and increase both security levels and quality of service. Contributors address on-chip transaction security involving critical information and the mechanisms to protect from an external attack, examining different communication protocols and their impact on system performance.

The focus of this book is on enabling real-time embedded software engineering while providing sufficient theoretical foundations and hardware background to understand the rationale for key decisions in RTOS and application design and implementation.

A unique feature of this textbook is to provide a comprehensive introduction to the fundamental knowledge in embedded systems, with applications in cyber-physical systems and the Internet of things.