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Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is a seemingly ubiquitous enzyme of profound physiological importance, which plays essential roles in respiration, acid-base homeostasis, bone resorption, calcification, photosynthesis, several biosynthetic pathways and a variety of processes involving ion, gas and fluid transfer.

Many arthropods use celestial (skylight) and terrestrial (magnetic) compass cues for orientation, and some of them were shown to develop, through experience, oriented behaviours based on a variety of innate, hard-wired orientation mechanisms.

I: Cadmium in the Environment.- Geochemistry of cadmium.- Evaluation of methods for the speciation of cadmium.- Cadmium in the atmosphere.- Cadmium in fresh and estuarine waters.- The distribution of cadmium in the sea.- Cadmium in sediments.- Removal of cadmium from wastewaters.- II: Bioaccumulation of Cadmium.- Cadmium in sludges used as fertilizer.- Bioaccumulation of cadmium in marine organisms.- Cadmium in freshwater ecosystems.- Cadmium contamination in agriculture and zootechnology.- Pathways and distribution of cadmium in grasslands.- Contamination and effects of cadmium in native plants.- III: Cadmium and Human Health.- Cadmium in foods and the diet.- Cadmium in human population.- Biological indicators of cadmium exposure and toxicity.- Human health effects of exposure to cadmium.- Cadmium, the environment and human health.