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The text describes the main features of currently available heat pumps, focusing on system operation and interactions with external heat sources.

This book discusses topics such as solar energy, heat transfer, solar cell and photovoltaic module, greenhouse-integrated semi-transparent photovoltaic thermal (GiSPVT) system for agriculture and aquaculture, GiSPVT solar dryer, and PVT water and air collector for water heating, air heating, biogas heating and swimming pool heating, etc. The book also discusses energy matrices, including EPBT, EPF, and LCCE. It includes pedagogical elements such as exercises, tables, and figures including problems and objective questions at the end of each chapter. Further, it includes the unit conversion from FPS system to SI unit of each parameter, namely length, energy, power, velocity, pressure force, etc., and some standard constants used in examples. Quasi steady state and periodic modeling of PVT technology described in the book is a useful reference for students, researchers, and academicians to design solar energy-based technology.

This book collects the best papers presented at a recent conference organized by SIEV (Italian Society of Appraisal and Valuation) to promote the interaction between Appraisal and Valuation and other social sciences to study the effects of migration on value and social, spatial and economic systems in a multicultural city. The book consists of seventeen papers in two parts. The first part, "e;Values and Relational Systems in Multicultural Societies"e;, features how social sciences--including appraisal and valuation, urban planning, philosophy, psychology, and geography--take different approaches to studying values and relationships, converging to form a unified mosaic of complementary and interconnected knowledge. The second part, "e;Permeability and Permanence of Values in a Contemporary Multicultural City"e;, highlights the most crucial topics on which appraisals and models focus to interpret and represent the influence of migration on the real estate market in different urban and territorial contexts, from historical centers, small towns, to tourist cities, also taking into account sustainability, maintenance and regeneration of cities.

This book reviews the history and evolution of district heating networks, with a focus on current and future issues of the district heating sector. Novel developments in the field of low temperature district heating are studied, limitations for safe operation and avoidance of bacteria are considered, and the associated improved performance of the system with fewer network losses is presented.This book showcases how the evolution of district heating networks is linked to the increased use of renewables and de-carbonized heat sources with specific focus to waste heat streams and solar energy systems. Considering the novelty of these technologies, technological developments and funding schemes for these investments are still immature to some extent. For that reason, a comprehensive review of the main aspects of energy planning as well as district heating economics and financing schemes for large-scale investments in renewable energy systems for district energy systems is performed.In the light of digitalization, networks are increasingly monitored, allowing for a drastic change in the approach for network operation. This book also explores the increased digitization and monitoring of networks and how this impacts network operation.This book is of interest to engineers, academics and officials interested in energy systems, presenting readers with the key concepts and tools to adapt to the evolution of district heating into an integrated, digitized and higher performing system.

This book examines the role of the evaluation models in decision-making processes for the construction of circular cities in the digital revolution. In particular, the book explores the need for a rethinking of development models proposed by the circular economy which requires the valorization of natural, social and economic capital. Urban environment represents a crucial field of analysis in which applying the circular-economy principles in order to steer a course towards a sustainable economy characterized by processes meant to create value instead of extracting it, which put a step forward in the pathway towards a better future in terms of economic, environmental and social effects and desirable outcomes. In this context, the design of urban regeneration processes and housing environments requires the adoption of inclusive analysis/assessment models combined with the structuring and organization of public/private investments that can contribute to creating positive natural and social impacts as well as economic and financial returns. This fundamental paradigm shift is accentuated in the current context, in which the digital revolution is reinventing the future and calls for a rethinking and reformulation of value systems in the era of technological process innovations, while respecting economic, natural and social ecosystems.

This book brings together important new contributions covering electric vehicle smart charging (EVSC) from a multidisciplinary group of global experts, providing a comprehensive look at EVSC and its role in meeting long-term goals for decarbonization of electricity generation and transportation. This multidisciplinary reference presents practical aspects and approaches to the technology, along with evidence from its applications to real-world energy systems. Electric Vehicle Integration via Smart Charging is suitable for practitioners and industry stakeholders working on EVSC, as well as researchers and developers from different branches of engineering, energy, transportation, economic, and operation research fields. 

This multi-disciplinary book presents the most recent advances in exergy, energy, and environmental issues. Volume 2 focuses on fundamentals in the field and covers current problems, future needs, and prospects in the area of energy and environment from researchers worldwide. Based on some selected lectures from the Eleventh International Exergy, Energy and Environmental Symposium (IEEES-11) and complemented by further invited contributions, this comprehensive set of contributions promote the exchange of new ideas and techniques in energy conversion and conservation in order to exchange best practices in "e;energetic efficiency."e; Included are fundamental and historical coverage of the green transportation and sustainable mobility sectors, especially regarding the development of sustainable technologies for thermal comforts and green transportation vehicles. Furthermore, contributions on renewable and sustainable energy sources, strategies for energy production, and the carbon-free society constitute an important part of this book.

This book looks deeply into the prospects for using ethanol as a greener alternative to fossil fuels and the technical and scientific issues that surround them. Ethanol, with its numerous advantages, has emerged as a promising contender to replace gasoline as a fuel source. Currently, it is commercially available as a blend with gasoline, commonly known as E10 and E25, utilizing various ratios of ethanol. Despite its clear benefits over gasoline, the widespread adoption of ethanol as a fuel remains hindered by its limited availability. In this insightful book, we aim to explore the multifaceted challenges surrounding ethanol's full integration into our energy landscape, employing a comprehensive approach through review manuscripts. Leading worldwide experts, known for their deep understanding of ethanol as a fuel, have contributed to the book. Their valuable insights and contributions enrich the book's content, offering readersa comprehensive exploration of the subject matter. This book is a compelling resource for researchers, energy professionals, and anyone interested in understanding the challenges and opportunities associated with the integration of ethanol as a substitute for gasoline.

This book provides lucid and instructive information about waste biomass, its potential, and the methods employed in energy generation. Topics covered include the basic principles, applications, recent advances, and the technical and economic considerations of waste-to-energy (WTE) technology. It highlights and elucidates essential concepts, mechanisms, applications, and useful outcomes of WTE technologies. In addition, it also provides a few example problems with design data for energy generation from waste biomass which will help the readers to understand the basics of WTE technologies. The book is structured with an overview at the start of each chapter presenting an outline of its content and a list of relevant discussions targeted toward readers. To illustrate the types of waste biomass, principles, and process of various thermal and biochemical process technologies, over 90 illustrations including graphs, diagrams, and photographs are provided. To help the readers improve their knowledge of the subject and to increase the utility of this book, the characteristics of waste biomass, operation conditions of different processes, and global status of WTE technologies are provided in tabular format. For that purpose, over 50 tables are provided. Selected references are also provided for this book. This book is primarily intended for researchers and professionals working in the area of bioenergy. It can also be used as a primary or secondary text for graduate courses and professional training programs.

Transportation electrification, particularly using electric vehicles (EV), has been widely suggested to mitigate global warming and energy security issues due to their economic and environmental benefits. Environmentalists are advertising EV use, and governments are implementing financial incentives to expedite the transition from conventional vehicles to electric ones to achieve energy security and climate change mitigation goals. At the same time, EVs are becoming more affordable as their battery prices decrease. It has been predicted that EV sales will soon surpass gasoline and diesel vehicle sales. Therefore, EVs will be one of the significant electricity customers in the future. This fact hints that the uncontrolled charging and discharging of large numbers of EVs can put power systems at risk. Hence, optimal planning and operation of EVs is not only necessary but beneficial. This collection covers recent research advancements in the planning and operation of EVs in smart grids. Aglobal group of researchers and scholars present innovative approaches while covering the theoretical and experimental aspects.

This book is a state-of-the-art review on recent advances in flow cells for electrochemical energy systems. The book includes an introduction to flow cells, proton exchange membrane fuel cells, photocatalytic fuel cells, organic flow batteries, redox flow batteries, microfluidic flow cells, as well as electrolysis cells for CO2 and nitrogen reduction. The book provides an essential reference for professors, researchers, and policymakers globally in academia, industry, and government.

This book offers a unique treatment of building insulating products and the integration of these products with building components. This book was written for all those involved in building design, specification, construction, and commissioning, providing them with an understanding of and appreciation for the wide variety of thermal insulation products and technologies available for use in all types of buildings. The book proceeds from basic definitions and discussion of heat-transfer topics and thermal insulation concepts, to the design and use of these products. The impact of thermal insulation on dynamic building performance, including factors other than heating and cooling, is also discussed.The book does not require an advanced mathematical background. The authors provide sufficient information to provide a qualitative understanding, with more mathematical sections included for those interested in modeling and analysis. The basic physics associated with heat transfer in buildings are presented, along with the steady-state and transient analysis techniques needed for the effective implementation of thermal insulation and assemblies.Modern building design involves the integration of comfort, safety, economics, durability and cost considerations, all of which impact the selection and use of thermal insulation materials in buildings. In addition to theoretical explanations of the underlying science, the book details the properties and application of new thermal insulation materials, including vacuum panels, gas-filled panels, aerogels, phase-change materials, and radiation control technologies.Given its scope, the book will be of interest to researchers and building engineers wishing to understand the latest technologies and materials available, so as to achieve reduced energy consumption in commercial and residential buildings.

The 2021 Congress on Research, Development and Innovation in Renewable Energies (CIDiER 2021) aims to promote international collaboration that fosters ideas and dialogue on developing a solution to climate change through research and development that leads to clean energy innovation via renewable energies. These selected papers cover both theoretical and applied research that will strengthen the implementation of renewable energy projects between universities, research centers, and private companies.

This book covers advanced manufacturing in biological, petroleum, and nanotechnology processing for the development of novel products and systems that incorporate enhanced pollution control and waste management for environmental remediation. The book is divided into three parts. The first section looks at the design and application of process systems, the second section focuses largely on pollution control and management, and the final section discusses areas related to process modeling and simulation. Coverage highlights the integration of smart tools and solutions and looks at current advances in monitoring industrial and environmental processes that can assist in making significant progress in process design for the effective control of pollution and waste management. 

This textbook is a comprehensive review of many different areas in solar-pumped lasers design and characterization. It enables readers to develop their skills in general solid-state laser design and solar collector design and provides numerous solved exercises at the end of each chapter to further this development. This book begins by introducing the brief history of solar-pumped laser and its potential applications. It explains the basic theories of imaging and non-imaging primary, secondary, and tertiary solar concentrators. It discusses solar-pumped solid-state laser theory and solar-to-laser power conversion efficiencies. There are chapters dedicated to ZEMAX and LASCAD numerical simulation tools, to help develop readers¿ skills in innovative solid-state laser design. This book is one of the first books to relate concentrated solar energy technologies to solid-state laser technologies and is therefore of interest to students, academics, engineers, and laser and optical system designers.

The 2022 Congress on Research, Development, and Innovation in Renewable Energies (CIDiER 2022) promotes international collaboration on ideas and dialogue around climate change solutions through research and development that leads to clean energy innovation via renewable energies. The selected papers cover both theoretical and applied research that will strengthen the implementation of renewable energy projects between universities, research centers, and private companies in Latin America.

The future of the distributed energy generation market is promising, with opportunities in the residential, commercial, and industrial sectors driven by increasing awareness of clean energy, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction targets, and rising global demand for energy. This book focuses on UN Sustainable Development Goal 7, which aims to "ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy for all." It provides research results, applications, and case studies on the potential of distributed energy resources as a solution to building a low-carbon society. Coverage includes modeling and evaluation of distributed power systems, system maintenance and reliability, economic potential and implications of hydrogen energy systems, grid stabilization and carbon emission reduction, smart design, and the impact of energy penetration on public power grids. Case studies include the effects of renewable energy policies on solar photovoltaic energy in China, Germany, Japan, and the United States of America and a feasibility assessment of distributed energy systems in Shanghai. Distributed Energy Resources: Solutions for a Low Carbon Society will be a valuable resource for postgraduate students and researchers in energy systems, urban energy management, and renewable energy technologies and a reference guide for practicing engineers, urban energy planners, and energy system managers.

This book presents an overview of geothermal heating systems using ground source heat pumps in different countries. It evaluates the emissions and energy costs generated by the operation of low enthalpy geothermal systems, with heat pumps fed by different energy sources, and assesses, from an international point of view, those policies whose aim is a sustainable, low-carbon economy.The use of low-impact energy sources is gradually growing with the aim of reducing greenhouse gases emission and air pollution. The alternatives offered by geothermal systems are one of the key solutions for a future renewable development, enabling the electrification of heating systems and the use of biofuels.The book will be of interest to energy professionals and researchers.

This book presents high-quality peer-reviewed articles from the 2nd International Conference on Biomass Utilization and Sustainable Energy 2022 (ICoBiomasSE 2022) organized by the Centre of Excellence for Biomass Utilization (COEBU), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Malaysia. The theme of the conference ¿Emerging Technology for Future Sustainability¿ is chosen in view of the current revolution and rapid developments in the field of biomass innovation towards sustainable development. The contents are broadly divided into five parts: (1) sustainable biomass resources for decarbonizing the economy, (2) biomass conversion technologies for bioenergy and biofuels, (3) biomass conversion to intermediates and products, (4) bioeconomy sustainability, impacts and policies and (5) bioenergy integration. It provides a platform for students, professionals, researchers, academicians, policymakers and industries working in the areas of biomass utilization and sustainable energy to solve long-standing environmental issues for a healthier planet.¿

This book highlights current efforts and research in Malaysia on conversion of bio-resources to renewable energy of biofuel as an alternative way of producing energy from fossil-based fuels. The book starts with the renewable energy developments and policies in Malaysia and discusses the main renewable resources available.  It addresses the use of more environmentally friendly technologies which can lead to the reduction of pollution and thus sustaining the ecology for treatment of bio-resources. The book also presents new initiatives in bioenergy production with theories, applications, and challenges of biological processes of biofuel production such as bioethanol, biobutanol, biogas, microbial fuel cell (MFC), and biodiesel. It discusses the potential of renewable energy resources to meet the energy needs without damaging/affecting the environment.