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Juvenile Justice Systems outlines options for shaping the juvenile liability models: welfare, justice, rehabilitative treatment, restorative justice, and mixed models. This comparative work contains descriptions of general issues of juvenile criminal liability and characteristic of mixed models: the Polish, the Brazilian and the Portuguese.

The work presents a generalized description of the functioning of general clauses in the legal order, mainly on the example of Polish law. It defines the relationship between legislative policy and judicial discretion in determining the content of extra-legal references as well as their role in the judicial interpretation and application of law.

The book deals with both the specific aspects of vulnerable individuals and groups' legal positions (in particular women and children), as well as presents the concept of vulnerability in international law. It should be essential reading for academics in the fields of law and sociology and vulnerability-oriented practitioners.

This book covers the fundamental areas of taxation of agriculture in Poland. It explores the rules of taxation of agricultural activity by the income tax and agricultural tax. The authors also seek to outline the final model of taxation of land and agricultural income in Poland.

The legal situation of whistleblowers has become an object of keen public interest in recent years. As practice shows, people who reveal irregularities in the workplace are exposed to the negative consequences of their actions. This monograph proposes a model of legal protection of such people, which could be applied in the Polish legal order.

This book presents new research assumptions aiming at a significant expansion of a typical, common paradigm of law sciences and focuses on the process of law-making, an important subject of interest in broadly understood legal sciences. The multiplicity of points of view, allows the authors to present a multi-faceted image of law-making processes.

In this book the authors present and, more importantly, give their own assessment of judicial decisions interpreting the Criminal Code provisions currently in force on self-defence and the transgression of its limits. The ultimate aim of this study is to answer the question if the present wording of relevant provisions is optimal.

This book is devoted to the problem of the role of precedent as a legal category and an element of judicial practice in statutory legal orders. It presents theoretical, practical (based on Polish and European jurisprudence) and comparative considerations dealing with the potential of precedential practice in statutory law.

This book contains texts prepared by representatives of various branches of law. The authors aim to determine: 1) the source (at least the potential source) of modernist solutions in the Polish law, 2) the realness of the modernist character of the said source and 3) the refection of these modernist solutions in the currently binding Polish law.

The publication shows the impact of judicial decisions on the discretionary power of public administration. This issue is analysed in relation to the process of issuing individual decisions by the administration, which have a dominant influence on the sphere of rights and freedoms of man.

The book covers the fundamental areas of taxation and tax law in Poland. It explores the tax theory, general tax law, and specific taxes supplying the central and self-government budget revenues. The authors also seek to highlight some selected issues of the operation and evolution of Polish tax law.

Both businesses and users have to deal with the necessity of processing enormous amounts of data, often either privacy-sensitive or covered by intellectual property rights. The law responds with new rules and novel applications of traditional rules. This book investigates these rules, their rationales, and consequences.

Trusts, fideikomissum and foundations along with property and their legal potential are vital for cultural heritage management in the future. The economic model of cultural heritage should comply with changes in the legal system. The national perspective plays an important part in cultural heritage management in an international context.

This work provides a comprehensive review of major legal problems affecting the processes of takeover of publicly listed companies with particular emphasis on EU, Polish and German law. Acquisitions are seen through the lens of two relevant EU Treaty freedoms: free movement of capital and freedom of establishment and the 13th Directive.

This work investigates the challenges of enforcement of patent rights in geographically divisible inventions. It is an inquiry into challenges posed by Internet to the established system of patent protection based on the territorial limitation of rights and focuses on substantive patent law, especially on the infringement provisions.

The concept of restorative justice, which focuses on extinguishing the social conflict caused by criminal offense, has been received with growing interest by both legislators and specialists throughout the world. This book answers the question to what extent the classic model of criminal justice is able to meet the challenges posed by that concept.

Democracy - hope or illusion? Blooming, failing or declining? Our doubts and hesitation make part of unbending efforts to endorse and explain democracy. Who is right - the custodians of promise or the prophets of decline? The author tries to explore "the other side of the moon", emphasizing the role of critical thinking, opposing a main-current optimism.

Is constitutional jurisprudence on socio-economic rights a threat to democracies? Through reference to constitutional dialogue theory, this book shows constitutional adjudication in socio-economic matters. The experiences of nascent Central-Eastern European democracies are particularly interesting as a case study.