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An examination of early European theories about the origin of American indigenous peoples.The American Indian-origin, culture, and language-engaged the best minds of Europe from 1492 to 1729. Were the Indians the result of a co-creation? Were they descended from the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel? Could they have emigrated from Carthage, Phoenicia, or Troy? All these and many other theories were proposed.How could scholars account for the multiplicity of languages among the Indians, the differences in levels of culture? And how did the Indian arrive in America-by using as a bridge a now-lost continent or, as was later suggested by some persons in the light of an expanding knowledge of geography, by using the Bering Strait as a migratory route?Most of the theories regarding the American Indian were first advanced in the sixteenth century. The two most influential men in an early-developing controversy over Indian origins were Joseph de Acosta and Gregorio Garcia. Approaching the subject with restraint and with a critical eye, Acosta, in 1590, suggested that the presence of diverse animals in America indicated a land connection with the Old World. On the other hand, Garcia accepted several theories as equally possible and presented each in the strongest possible light in his Origen de los indios of 1607.In this distinctive book Lee E. Huddleston looks carefully into those theories and proposals. From many research sources he weaves an historical account that engages the reader from the very first.
Using previously undiscovered primary source materials, Walker employs family history to analyze problems relating more generally to the development of state and society in newly independent Mexico.
A study of Chilean politics in the mid-twentieth century.
In nineteenth-century Brazil the power of the courts rivaled that of the central government, bringing to it during its first half century of independence a stability unique in Latin America. Thomas Flory analyzes the Brazilian lower-court system, where the private interests of society and the public interests of the state intersected.Justices of the peace-lay judges elected at the parish level-played a special role in the early years of independence, for the post represented the triumph of Brazilian liberalism's commitment to localism and decentralization. However, as Flory shows by tracing the social history and performance of parish judges, the institution actually intensified conflict within parishes to the point of destabilizing the local regime and proved to be so independent of national interests that it all but destroyed the state.By the 1840s the powers of the office were passed to state appointees, particularly the district judges. Flory recognizes these professional magistrates as a new elite who served as brokers between the state and the poorly articulated landowner elite, and his account of their rise reveals the mechanisms of state integration.In focusing on the judiciary, Flory has isolated a crucial aspect of Brazil's early history, one with broad implications for the study of nineteenth-century Latin America as a whole. He combines social, intellectual, and political perspectives-as well as national-level discussion with scrutiny of parish-level implementation-and so makes sense of a complicated, little-studied period. The study clearly shows the progression of Brazilian social thought from a serene liberal faith in the people as a nation to an abiding, very modern distrust of that nation as a threat to the state.
A masterly account of the events and people during a remarkable period in Paraguay's history.
Henry Dietz investigates Lima's poor during the "revolution" of General Juan Velasco (1968-1975), examining both the structural conditions promoting poverty and the individual consequences of being poor.
How men experience a period of rapid economic development, particularly in the areas of migration, occupational mobility, and status attainment.
Combining historical and critical approaches, Seymour Menton classifies and analyzes over two hundred novels and volumes of short stories, revealing the extent to which Cuban literature reflects the reality of the Revolution.
A study of the 1930s dispute between Paraguay and Bolivia and the inter-American peace conference that settled it.
An analysis of the political and economic role of industrial entrepreneurs in postwar Mexico.
This book explores the abolition of African slavery in Spanish Cuba from 1817 to 1886-from the first Anglo-Spanish agreement to abolish the slave trade until the removal from Cuba of the last vestige of black servitude.
An analysis of the causes and consequences of extensive social and political mobilization among Peru's peasant population in the 1960s.
A comprehensive analysis of Argentina's Socialist Party's origins, its development, and its actions during the almost two decades of civilian, democratic government that ended with the military coup of 1930.
This book brings together the research into regional development and social change carried out in highland Peru by a team of British and Latin American social anthropologists and sociologists.
In this study, Marvin Goldwert interprets the rise, growth, and development of militarism in Argentina from 1930 to 1966.
A full account of a single risky venture, this inquiry is a microcosm of early foreign economic penetration into the Mexican mining industry.
A study of a group of earlier Spaniards in America.
This is a study of the early years of manufacturing in Sao Paulo: how it was influenced by the growth and decline of the coffee trade; where it found its markets, its credit, and its labor force; and how it confronted the competition of imports.
The first book in any language that examines political, economic, and social developments to provide a well-integrated study of this significant and eventful period in Paraguay's history.
A history of the Mexican iron and steel industry through the 1960s.
An examination of women's roles in Latin American politics and how it is often confined to positions that are extensions of their roles as mothers.
Weston Agor's carefully documented analysis of the organization and workings of the Chilean Senate is the first of its kind and fills a long-standing need in the comparative study of the internal structure of legislative bodies.
A case study of twentieth-century changes within the Catholic Church and their impact on Brazilian society.
Based on extended interviews at the Culipran fundo in Chile with peasants who recount in their own terms their political evolution, this is an in-depth study of peasants in social and political action.
A study of a seventeenth-century town more typical of everyday colonial life than the major centers that have drawn most attention from historians.
A rich description of the long and tortuous attempt by the Brazilian military government to create a workable "national security state" in the face of determined and resilient opposition.
This volume of six essays makes readily available to English-speaking readers a selection of significant contributions by outstanding Mexican economists, dealing with the mid-twentieth-century growth of the Mexican economy.
The first detailed study of the impact of epidemic disease on the history of New Spain, primarily of its capital.
A study of the amparo suit, a Mexican legal institution similar in its effects to such Anglo-American procedures as habeas corpus, error, and the various forms of injunctive relief.
Based on extensive primary source material, this overview of the Brazilian republican state demonstrates that it was one of the most interventionist in Latin America well before the disruption of the export economy in 1929.
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