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1. Chromatographic Processes.- Modelling Equilibrium and Kinetics in Chromatographic Processes.- Theory of Linear and Nonlinear Chromatography.- Hydrodynamics of Chromatographic Columns.- Cyclic Fixed Bed Sorption Processes for Bioseparations - Design Aspects.- Separations by Continuous Annular Chromatography.- Gradient Elution Chromatography.- Rate Processes in Supercritical Fluid Desorption and Extraction.- 2. Membrane Processes.- Fundamentals of Membrane Separation Processes.- Pressure-Driven Membrane Processes.- Ellectrically-Driven Membrane Processes.- Novel Membranes - Formation and Process Applications.- Cell Harvesting Using Cross-Flow Microfiltration.- Recovery of Intracellular Products.- Pervaporation in Biotechnology.- 3. Affinity Processes.- Affinity Chromatography: Principles and Applications.- Theory of Affinity Chromatography.- Affinity Partitioning.- Prediction of Partition Coefficients for Peptides in Aqueous Two-Phase Systems.- Membrane Affinity Filtration.- 4. Design of Separation Media.- Affinity Chromatography: Design of Biospecific Chromatographic Materials.- Membranes for Bioprocessing: Design Considerations.- 5. Scale-Up, Optimization and Process Integration.- Operating Modes, Scale-up and Optimization of Chromatographic Processes.- Scale-up and Optimization of Membrane Processes.- Simultaneous Reaction and Chromatography.- Membrane bioreactors.- Recombinant Human Tissue-Plasminogen Activator: Biochemistry, Pharmacology, and Process Development.- List of Contributors and Participants.

Food Allergy in Atopic Drugs; O.L. Frick. Mechanisms of Allergic Bronchoconstriction in the Rat; J.G. Martin. The Role of Nebulized IFN-gamma in the Modulation of Allergic Responses; G. Lack, E.W. Gelfand. Murine Animal Models to Study the Central Role of T Cells in Immediate-Type Hypersensitivity Responses; U. Herz, et al. Glutathione S-Transferase Induses Murine Dermatitis that Resembles Human Allergic Dermatitis; C-H. Hsu, et al. Effects of rIL-12 Administration on an Antigen Specific Immune Response; J.D. Rempel-Chin, et al. Mapping the Genes for IgE Production and Allergy; D.G. Marsh. Genetic Factors in Asthma; W. Cookson. Regulation of Interleukin-12 Signalling During T Helper Phenotype Development; N.G. Jacobsen, et al. Responsiveness to the Major Pollen Allergen of Parietaria Officinalis is Associated with Defined HLA-DRB1 Alleles in Italian and Spanish Allergic Patients; A. Ruffilli, et al. HLA-DR3 is Associated with the IgE Imune Responsiveness to a Recombinant Allergen from Blomia tropicalis (BT); L. Carabello, et al. Structural and Antigenic Studies of Cockroach Allergens and Their Relevance to Asthma; M.D. Chapman, et al. 55 Additional Articles. Index.

As topological questions playa role in non-standard theories as weIl, it will be found that some of the lectures and seminar talks in this volume adopt the point of view of standard relativity, whereas others are based on different theories, such as Kaluza-Klein theories, bimetric theories, and supergravity.

Components of Signal Transduction: The Metabolic Fates and Cellular Functions of Myoinositol; I. Batty, et al. Activation Mechanisms of Phospholipase C Isozymes; S.G. Rhee. Receptor Function and Regulation: Lysophosphatidic Acid as a Lipid Mediator; W. Moolenaar, et al. Modulation of Opioid Receptor Function by Membrane Lipids; F. Medzihradsky. Transcription Factors and Gene Regulation: Regulation of Gene Expression in Rodent Hepatocytes; K.G. Xanthopoulos. Transcription Factor CREM; D. Masquilier. Biosynthesis, Insertion, and Function of Membrane Components: Transmembrane Lipid Asymmetry in Eukaryotes; P.F. Devaux, A. Zachowski. Phosphatidylinositol Transfer Protein and Membrane Vesicle Flow; K.W.A. Wirtz, G.T. Snoek. Membrane Peroxidation and Protection: The Effects of Oxygen-Derived Free Radicals On Lipids, Protein and their Interactions; C. Rice-Evans. The Vitamin E Antitoxidant Cycle in Health and Disease; L. Packer. 17 additional articles. Index.

Methods to Describe Fish Stocks; R. Guyomard. Spatial Organization of Pacific Salmon; B.E. Riddell. Status of Biodiversity of Taxa and Nontaxa of Salmonid Fishes; R.J. Behnte. Requirements for Genetic Data on Adaptations to Environment and Habitats of Salmonids; C.D. Levingo. Impacts of Fishing on Genetic Structure of Salmonid Populations; J.E. Thorpe. Genetic Change in Hatchery Populations; G.A.E. Gall. Potential Impacts of Transgenic and Genetically Manipulated Fish on Natural Populations; E. Hallerman, A. Kapuscinski. The Reproductive Containment of Genetically Altered Salmonids; E.M. Donalson, et al. Germplasm Repositories for Plants; R.L. Clark. Advances in Cryopreservation of Embryos and Prospects for Application to the Conservation of Salmonid Fishes; W.F. Rall. Genetic Resource Banks and Reproductive Technology for Wildlife Conservation; D.E. Wildt, et al. Cryopreservation of Fish Spermatozoa; B. Harvey. 14 additional articles. Index.

Antibiotics: Polyketide Synthetases; C.R. Hutchinson. Biosynthetic Studies on Antibiotics; K.L. Rinehart, et al. Natural Toxins: The Biosynthesis of Nicotine and Related Alkaloids in Intact Plants, Isolated Plant Parts, Tissue Cultures, and Cell-Free Systems; E. Leete. Examination of Tetrahydro and Dihydrobisfuran Formation in Aflatoxin Biosynthesis; C.A. Townsend, et al. Herbicides, Phytoalexins, and Microbial Metabolites: Microorganisms; B.G. Isaac, et al. Applications of Whole Cell Fungal Systems an Models of Mammalian Xenobiotic/Drug Metabolism; P.J. Davis, et al. Isoprenoid Pathway: Biosynthesis of Sesquiterpenoid Phytoalexins in Cotton Foliar Tissue; M. Essenberg, et al. Carotenoid Biosynthesis and Regulation in Plants; B. Camara, et al. Rubber: Enzymatic Synthesis of a Rubber Polymer; K.V. Venkatachalam, et al. 18 additional articles. Index.

Clinical Manifestations and Treatment: Clinical Manifestations of Lyme Borreliosis in an Italian Endemic Region; G. Bianchi. Lyme Borreliosis in Children; H.J. Christen, F. Hanefield. Ecology and Epidemiology: Lyme Borreliosis in Australia; R.D. Barry, et al. Geographic Diversity of Lyme Borreliosis; G. Bianchi. Role of Host Density in the Ecology of Lyme Disease; T.E. Awerbuch, A. Spielman. Biology of Immunopathogenesis: Expression of Public Idiotypes in Patients with Lyme Arthritis; J.S. Axford, et al. Lyme Disease in an Experimental Model; M.D. Gibson, et al. Chemotaxonomy of Borrelia; M.A. Livesley, P.A. Nuttall. Diagnosis: Detection of Lyme Disease Spirochaete DNA in Clinical Samples; K.J. Cann, et al. Clinical and Serological Study of Lyme Borreliosis in a Population of Neurological Patients; E. Capello. Pitfalls in the Laboratory Diagnosis of Lyme Borreliosis; S.J. Cutler. 36 additional articles. Index.

HPV Gene Expression: The Antibody Response Against p53 in Cancer Patients (G. Matlashewski). Enhanced Production of WildType p53 Inhibits Growth and Differentiation of Normal Foreskin Epithelial Cells but not Cell Lines Containing Human Papillomavirus DNA (C.D. Woodworth et al.). Humoral Responses to HPV: Humoral Immune Response to Genital Human Papillomavirus Infections (L. Gissman). HPV 16 Antibodies in Cervical Cancer Patients and Healthy Control Women (V. Vonka et al.). Cell Mediated Immunity to HPV: Evolution of Class I HLA Antigen Presenting Molecules (P. Parham). Major Histocompatibility Complex Expression and Antigen Presentation in Cervical Cancer (J.S. Bartholomew et al.). Animal Models and Therapeutic Strategies: Skin Test Reactivity to Papilloma Cells Is Long Lasting in Domestic Rabbits After Regression of Cottontail Rabbit PapillomavirusInduced Papillomas (R.M. Höpfl et al.). 42 additional articles. Index.

1) Mechanism of Fe(II) Oxidation and Core Formation in Ferritin.- 2) Chemico-Physical and Functional Differences Between H and L Chains of Human Ferritin.- 3) Iron Oxidation in Sheep, Horse and Recombinant Human Apoferritins.- 4) The Transferrin Receptor and the Release of Iron from Transferrin.- 5) The Roles of Secondary Binding Sites for Transferrin in the Liver and on Macrophages.- 6) Optimized Separation and Quantitation of Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid Transferrin Subfractions Defined by Differences in Iron Saturation or Glycan Composition.- 7) Mechanism of Production of the Serum Transferrin Receptor.- 8) Iron Absorption and Cellular Uptake of Iron.- 9) Ferric Iron Reduction and Iron Uptake in Eucaryotes: Studies with the Yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe.- 10) Cellular Responses to Iron and Iron Compounds.- 11) The Structure and Function of Iron Regulatory Factor.- 12) Structure and Function of IREs, the Noncoding mRNA Sequences Regulating Synthesis of Ferritin, Transferrin Receptor and (Erythroid) 5-Aminolevulinate Synthase.- 13) Translational Control by Iron-Responsive Elements.- 14) The Role of Cytokines in the Regulation of Ferritin Expression.- 15) Stimulation of IRE-BP Activity of IREF by Tetrahydrobiopterin and Cytokine Dependent Induction of Nitric Oxide Synthase.- 16) Reciprocal Modulation of Aconitase Activity and RNA-binding Activity of Iron Regulatory Factor by Nitric Oxide.- 17) A New Look at Ferritin Metabolism.- 18) Bacterioferritin: A Hemoprotein Member of the Ferritin Family.- 19) Intracellular Iron.- 20) Distinct Features of Iron Metabolism in Erythroid Cells: Implications for Heme Synthesis Regulation.- 21) Cellular Ferritin Uptake: A Highly Regulated Pathway for Iron Assimilation in Human Erythroid Precursor Cells.- 22) Differential Effects of Iron and Iron Carrier on Hematopoietic Cell Differentiation and Human ADA Gene Transfer.- 23) A Hemin-Inducible Enhancer Lies 4. 5 Kb Upstream of the Mouse Ferritin H Subunit Gene.- 24) Iron Deficiency: The Global Perspective.- 25) Iron Regulation in the Brain at the Cell and Molecular Level.- 26) Pathophysiology of Iron Toxicity.- 27) Morphologic Observations in Iron Overload: An Update.- 28) Identification of Thiolic Sarcolemmal Proteins as a Primary Target of Iron Toxicity in Cultured Heart Cells.- 29) Iron Overload and the Biliary Route.- 30) Changing Concepts of Haemochromatosis.- 31) Epidemiology, Clinical Spectrum and Prognosis of Hemochromatosis.- 32) The Morbidity of Hemochromatosis Among Clinically Unselected Homozygotes: Preliminary Report.- 33) Genetics of Haemochromatosis.- 34) Localization of Seven New Genes Around the HLA-A Locus.- 35) Searching for the Hemochromatosis Grail.- 36) Iron Chelator Design.- 37) Results from a Phase I Clinical Trial of HBED.- 38) Lessons from Preclinical and Clinical Studies with 1,2-Diethyl-3-Hydroxypyridin-4-One, CP94 and Related Compounds.- 39) Iron Chelation Therapy for Malaria.- 40) The Biochemical Basis for the Selective Antimalarial Action of Iron Chelators on Plasmodium Falciparum Parasitized Cells.

Cell Biology: Gammadelta T Lymphocytes in Mice and Man: A Review; J. Borst, et al. Ontogeny: Features and Functions of Epidermal T Lymphocytes; G. Stingl, et al. Lymphocyte Homing: Cytokine Neuropeptide Interactions in the Skin; T.A. Luger, et al. Effect of UV Light on Cytokine Production by Epidermal Cells; T. Schwarz, et al. Viruses: A New Retrovirus from Cutaneous Tcell Lymphoma; V. Manzari, et al. Survey of Cutaneous Tcell Lymphomas for Human Tlymphotropic Virus Infection; M. D'Incan, et al. Histology: Inflammatory Precursors of Mycosis Fungoides; W.C. Lambert. The Histological Spectrum of Cutaneous Tcell Lymphoma; N. Smith. Genotyping: BCL2 Gene Rearrangement and Protein Expression in Primary Cutaneous Bcell Lymphomas; F. Pezzella, et al. Immunomodulation and Tumor Progression. 35 additional articles. Index.

Eric Neil: An Appreciation.- International Meetings on Chemoreceptors: Historical Perspectives.- Oxygen Sensing in the Carotid Body: Ideas and Models.- Ionic Channels in Type I Carotid Body Cells.- Role of Intracellular pH and [Ca2]]iin Acid Chemoreception in Type I Cells of the Carotid Body.- Neurotransmitters in the Carotid Body.- Reflexes Arising from the Arterial Chemoreceptors.- Central Integration of Chemoreceptor Afferent Activity.- Chemoreceptor Function in the Fetus and Neonate.- The Role of Arterial Chemoreceptors in Ventilatory Acclimatization to Hypoxia.- Chemosensitivity from the Lungs of Vertebrates.- Heymans' Visit to Dublin to Review "Buffer" Nerve Experiments.- A Belated Centennial Tribute to Corneille Heymans.- Glomera that are not Chemosensitive.- Electrotonic Coupling Between Carotid Body Glomus Cells.- CO-binding Chromophores in Oxygen Chemoreception in the Carotid Body.- Actions of Nicotinic Agonists on Isolated Type I Cells of the Neonatal Rat Carotid Body.- Ca2+-Activated K+-Channels from Isolated Type I Carotid Body Cells of the Neonatal Rat.- Culturing Carotid Body Cells of Adult Cats.- Plasticity in Cultured Arterial Chemoreceptors: Effects of Chronic Hypoxia and Cyclic AMP Analogs.- Carotid Body Chemoreception: Role of Extracellular Ca2+.- Cytosolic Calcium in Isolated Type I Cells of The Adult Rabbit Carotid Body: Effects of Hypoxia, Cyanide and Changes in Intracellular pH.- Characterization of Membrane Currents in Pulmonary Neuroepithelial Bodies: Hypoxia-Sensitive Airway Chemoreceptors.- Ionic Currents on Endothelial Cells of Rat Brain Capillaries.- Urokinase and its Receptor: Markers of Malignancy?.- Electrochemical Measurement of Rapid Dopamine Release in Perfused Cat Carotid Body during Onset of Hypoxia.- Hypoxia-Induced Catecholamine Release from Rat Carotid Body, In Vitro, during Maturation and following Chronic Hypoxia.- Assessment of Na+ Channel Involvement in the Release of Catecholamines from Chemoreceptor Cells of the Carotid Body.- Activation of GTP-binding Proteins by Aluminum Fluoride Modulates Catecholamine Release in the Rabbit Carotid Body.- Catecholamines in the Rabbit Carotid Body: Content And Secretion.- Cholinergic Aspects of Carotid Body Chemotransduction.- Low PO2 Dependency of Neutral Endopeptidase and Acetylcholinesterase Activities of the Rat Carotid Body.- Nitric Oxide Synthase Occurs in Neurons and Nerve Fibers of the Carotid Body.- NO Mimics O2 in the Carotid Body Chemoreception.- Mechanisms of Carotid Body Inhibition.- Proportional Sensitivity of Arterial Chemoreceptors to CO2.- Effects of Expiratory Duration on Chemoreceptor Oscillations.- Effects of Intravenous Infusions of KCl and Lactic Acid On Chemoreceptor Discharge In Anaesthetized Cats.- The Effect of Intravenous Infusion of Lactic Acid on Carotid Chemoreceptor Discharge in Anaesthetized Cats Ventilated with Room Air or 100% O2.- The Carotid Bodies as Thermosensors: Experiments in vitro and in situ, and Importance for Ventilatory Regulation.- Inhibition of Ventilation by Carotid Body Hypocapnia during Sleep.- Metabolic Acid-Base Status and the Role of Carotid Chemoreceptors in Hyperoxic Breathing.- Ventilatory Responses to Histotoxic Chemostimulation in Hypoxia Adapted Rats.- Chemoreflex Sensitization Augments Sympathetic Vasomotor Outflow in Awake Humans.- Carotid Chemoreceptor Control of Vascular Resistance in Resting and Contracting Skeletal Muscle.- Substance P Inhibits Ventilation in the Goat.- Central Glutamate and Substance-P in the Hypoxic Ventilatory Response.- Carotid Chemoreceptor Activity and Heart Rate Responsiveness to Hypoxia after Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Synthase.- Effects of Endothelins on Respiration and Arterial Chemoreceptor Activity in Anaesthetised Rats.- Changes in Blood Glucose Concentration in the Carotid Body Modify Brain Glucose Retention.- Is the Second Carotid Body Redundant?.- Activity of Cardiac Vagal Preganglionic Neurones during the Pulmonary Chemoreflex in the Anaestheti...

Molecular Taxonomy: Classification and Identification; K.H. Schleifer, W. Ludwig. DNA Sequence Analysis of the Genetic Structure of Populations of Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli; R.K. Selander, et al. Identification and Typing of Bacteria by Protein Electrophoresis; K. Kersters, et al. Characterisation and Identification of Microorganisms by FTIR Spectroscopy and FTIR Microscopy; D. Naumann, et al. Curie Point Pyrolysis Mass Spectrometry and Its Application to Bacterial Systematics; M. Goodfellow, et al. New Methods for Diagnosis and Epidemiological Studies of Tuberculosis Based on PCR and RFLP; C. Martín, et al. Typing in situ with Probes; R. Amann, W. Ludwig. The Use of Molecular Markers for the Detection and Typing of Bacteria in Soil; E.M.H. Wellington, et al. Phylogenetic Diversity of Methanogen Endosymbionts of Anaerobic Ciliates; T.M. Embley, B.J. Finlay. Diversity, Dynamics and Topographic Arrangement of Microorganisms Are Essential Parameters that Identify a Microbial Consortium; E. Conway de Macario, A.J.L. Macario. 8 additional articles. Index.

1 Dietary Fat and Breast Cancer: Controversy and Biological Plausibility.- 2 Dietary Fat Intake Reduction for Patients with Resected Breast Cancer.- 3 Dietary Fat Reduction as a Hypothesis for the Prevention of Postmenopausal Breast Cancer, and a Discussion of Hypothesis Testing Research Strategies.- 4 Hormone Studies and the Diet and Breast Cancer Connection.- 5 Dietary Fat Effects on Animal Models of Breast Cancer.- 6 Effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Carcinogenesis.- 7 A Possible Mechanism by Which Dietary Fat Can Alter Tumorigenesis: Lipid Modulation of Macrophage function.- 8 Dietary Fatty Acids and Human Breast Cancer Cell Growth, Invasion, and Metastasis.- 9 Meta-Analysis of Animal Experiments: Elucidating Relationships Between Dietary Fat and Mammary Tumor Development in Rodents.- 10 Vitamin A, Retinoids and Breast Cancer.- 11 Vitamin D Adequacy: A Possible Relationship to Breast Cancer.- 12 Vitamin D and Breast Cancer.- 13 Some Aspects of Vitamin E Related to Humans and Breast Cancer Prevention.- Poster Abstract.- Contributors.

355 articles arranged under the following sections: B and T Cells of the Mucosal Immune System: Trafficking and Cytokine Regulation. Nonlymphoid Cells of the Mucosal Immune System: Epithelial Cells, APC, and Other Cell Types. Development of Mucosal Immunity: Reproductive Tract, Ontogeny, Phylogeny, and Immunodeficiency. Gnotobiology, Environmental, Nutritional, and Intrinsic Factors in Mucosal Immunology. Structure, Proteolysis, and Function of Mucosal Immunoglobulins: Cellular Receptors. Clinical Immunology, Immunopathology, Immunodeficiency, and Allergology. Microbial, Parasite, and HIV Mucosal Infections. Immunology of the Liver. Oral Immunology and Immunopathology. Autoimmunity, Oral Tolerance, and Aging. Chronic Inflammation, Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Celiac Disease. Induction of Mucosal Immune Responses and Vaccine Delivery Systems. Index.

Interactions of Neurotransmitters and Endothelial Cells in Determining Vascular Tone; J.T. Shepard Some Recent Advances in Studies on J Receptors; A.S. Paintal Pathophysiology of Bronchial Asthma; J.G. Widdicombe Laryngeal and Upper Airway Influences on Breathing; G. Sant'Ambrogio Regulation of Na+/K+ Pump Expression in Skeletal Muscle; S. Sampson Peripheral Arterial Chemoreceptors; Aortic and Abdominal Glomera; A. Howe Cellular Mechanisms of Modulation of Hypoglossal Motoneuron Activity; A. Berger Cardiac and Pulmonary C Fibers: Their Central Connections C. Kidd Central Nervous Mechanisms Responsible for Cardiorespiratory Homeostasis K.M. Spyer Neuroendocrine Regulation of Vascular Capacitance: F. Karim Lung Microphysiology; J. Bhattacharya Reflex Control of the Circulation in Heart Failure; I. Zucker Physiology of Atrial Receptors; R. Linden Aspects of Coronary Vasomotor Regulation; J. Hoffman Graded Restriction of Blood Flow in Exercising Leg Muscles: A Human Model; H. Bjurstedt Index.

Silicone Gels as Adjuvants: Effects on Humoral and Cellmediated Immune Responses; J.O. Naim, C.J. van Oss The Effect of Molecular Weight and Gel Preparation on Humoral Adjuvancy of Silicone Oils and Silicone Gels; J.O. Naim, C.J. van Oss Glucans as Immunological Adjuvants; N. Mohagheghpour, et al. Copolymer Adjuvants; R.N. Brey Regulation of Il4 and Il5 Secretion by Histamine and PGE2; M.M. Khan Immunoglobulin Isotype Modulation after Administration of Il12; V. Van Cleave, et al. Substance P Mediated Stimulation of Cytokine Levels in Cultured Murine Bone Marrow Stromal Cells; J.M. Manske, et al. Malaria Transmissionblocking Immunity: Identification of Epitopes and Evaluation of Immunogenicity; N. Kumar, et al. Experimental Feline Lyme Borreliosis As a Model for Testing Borrelia burgdorferi Vaccines; M.D. Gibson, et al. Liposoma Vaccines; S. Green, et al. Protection Strategies against Botulinum Toxin; L. Middlebrook Collagen Arthritis in T Cell Receptor Congenic Mice: A Unique Approach to Study the Role of T Cell Receptor Genotypes in Autoimmune Arthritis; G.H.H. Nabozny, C.S. David The Blood-Brain Barrier in Virusinduced Demyelination; C.J.R. Welsh, et al. 14 additional articles. Index.

Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Multisensor Fusion for Computer Vision, held in Grenoble, France, June 26-30, 1989

Sodium (Na+) Transport and Fluid Clearance Across the Normal and Injured Lungs: Regulation of the Sodium Pump in Hyperoxic Lung Injury; D.H. Ingbar, et al. Lung Edema Clearance During Hyperoxic Lung Injury; J.I. Sznajder, K.M. Ridge. Role of the Pulmonary Surfactant in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of ARDS: Host Defense Capacities of Pulmonary Surfactant; U. Pison, S. Pietschmann. Alterations of Pulmonary Surfactant in ARDS-Pathogenic Role and Therapeutic Perspectives; A. Gunther, et al. Mechanisms and Modification of Acute and Chronic Lung Injury: Gene Therapy for the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome; P. Factor. The Use of Recombinant Antioxidants in Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome; J.M. Davis. Ventilatory Strategies for the Management of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): The Use of PEEP in the Treatment of ARDS; J. Villar. Tracheal Gas Insufflation; A. Nahum. Nitric Oxide: Friend and Foe: Mechanisms of Nitric Oxide Induced Injury to the Alveolar Epithelium; S. Zhu, et al. Macrophage Killing of Mycoplasmas: Involvement of Surfactant Protein A and Nitric Oxide; J.M. Hickman-Davis, et al. Health Care Legislation: Health and Science Legislation in the United States; W.J. Martin, II. 39 Additional Articles. Index.

Material processing techniques that employ severe plastic deformation have evolved over the past decade, producing metals, alloys and composites having extraordinary properties. Variants of SPD methods are now capable of creating monolithic materials with submicron and nanocrystalline grain sizes. The resulting novel properties of these materials has led to a growing scientific and commercial interest in them. They offer the promise of bulk nanocrystalline materials for structural; applications, including nanocomposites of lightweight alloys with unprecedented strength. These materials may also enable the use of alternative metal shaping processes, such as high strain rate superplastic forming. Prospective applications for medical, automotive, aerospace and other industries are already under development.

The materials dealt with in this volume include wood, concrete, various metals, composites, ceramics, and porous geological media. Obviously, the properties and serviceability of such materials vary widely, and an almost universal theme in their testing is that the properties depend on the scale at which the analysis or observation is made. At each scale, `probability' plays an important role, where the word `probability' is used in a wider sense than the classical one. The book begins with a review of progress over recent years, identifying key questions that remain open. One point is how to observe/measure material properties at different scales, and whether a probabilistic approach, at each scale, is always applicable and advantageous. Obstacles to the identification of a universal approach include the wide range of materials and the diversity of applications. The hierarchical nature of materials and implications for modelling, testing and application are discussed extensively. Modern mathematical tools show considerable promise in attacking the multiscale nature of materials in modelling and testing, such as wavelet analysis, intersection methods for random sets, and truncated series expansion of random fields. Multiscaling is also discussed in the context of nonlinear dynamics. Furthermore, the concepts of scaling and criticality and their applicability in materials science create interesting points of view. Most contributions present both experimental and analytical/numerical results. A few are purely theoretical, and some are purely numerical.

Peeling the Onion; E. Block, et al. Health Promoting Phytochemicals in Citrus Fruit and Juice Products; A. Montanari, et al. Chemopreventive Agents in Foods; B. Stavric. Constituents of Wild Food Plants; A. Sotelo. Biology and Biochemistry of Underground Plant Storage Organs; H.E. Flores, T. Flores. Behavioral Determinants for the Ingestion of Food Phytochemicals; T. Johns. Phytochemicals and Wine Flavor; S.E. Ebeler. Food Colorants from Plant Cell Cultures; F. Cormier. Transgenic Manipulation of Edible Oilseeds; T. Voelker. Quantitative Microscopic Approaches to Carbohydrate Characterization and Distribution in Cereal Grains; R.G. Fulcher, et al. Index.

The metals industry was established in the Ural Mountains over two centuries ago. Seventy years ago, the town of Magnitogorsk was established, with US and Western assistance, to exploit the iron ore there. It became a symbol of USSR industry - and is now a symbol of air pollution. This volume describes the pollution in the region and the steps being taken to combat it.

Characteristics of Hypoxic Cells that Enhance their Susceptibility to Chemical Injury.- Prediction and Measurement of Redox Properties of Drugs and Biomolecules.- Metal-Catalyzed Redox Processes in Biological Systems and Drug Activation.- Redox Systems Generated by Electro-chemical Oxidations and Reductions.- The Rôle of DNA Damage in the Bioreductive Action of 2-Nitroimidazoles.- Redox Properties of Radiation Induced Free Radicals.- Reduction of Bleomycin-Fe by Reductases and Active Oxygen Formation.- Redox Activation of Drugs by the Red Blood Cell Membrane.- Induction of Stress Proteins and Drug Resistance by Hypoxia and Applications of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Cryospectrophotometry for Detecting Hypoxia in Tumors.- Mechanisms of Activation of Mitomycin C and AZQ in Aerobic and Hypoxic Mammalian Cells.- Molecular Interactions and Biological Effects of the Products of Reduction of Nitroimidazoles.- Redox Activation of Benzotriazine N-oxides: Mechanisms and Potential as Anticancer Drugs.- Nitroacridines and Nitroquinolines as DNA-affinic Hypoxia-selective Cytotoxins.- Metabolic Effects of Hypoxic Cell Sensitizers.- Does Ro-03-8799 Concentration in Human Tumour Xenografts Predict Radiosensitization? Comparison with SR-2508.- Enzyme-directed Bioreductive Drug Development.- Improved Treatment of Tumours in vivo by Combining the Bioreductive Drug, RSU-1069, Hydralazine and Hyperthermia.- Assessment of Bioreductive Drug Toxicity in vitro and in Experimental Tumours in vivo.- Activity of Bioreductive Agents in Human and Rodent Tumor Cells.- The Control of Tumour Oxygenation in Mice: The Importance of Tumour Site.- Critical Events in the Toxicity of Redox Active Drugs.- The Reductive Activation of Nitroimidazoles; Modification by Oxygen and other Redox-active Molecules in Cellular Systems.- Fluorescent Probes for Hypoxia: Chemical Aspects.- Toxicity of Metal Complexes with Radiosensitizing Properties.- Effects on DNA of Bioreducible Nitroimidazole and Benzotriazine Drugs.- Response of Repair and Reduction Deficient Mutants to Agents Requiring Bioreduction.- Bioreductive Drugs and Radiation: Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Trials of Etanidazole Radiosensitizer.- The Oncogenic Potential of Bioreductive Drugs.- Adduct Formation by 2-Nitroimidazole in Mammalian Cells: Optimization of Markers for Tissue Oxygenation.- Tumour Blood Flow and its Modulation: Implications for Bioreductive Drug Activity in vivo.- Poster Presentations.- Participants.

Lecturers: Quantum Symmetries in 2D Massive Field Theories; D. Bernard. On Knot and Manifold Invariants; R. Bott. The Metric Aspect of Noncommutative Geometry; A. Connes, J. Lott. Observables, Superselection Sectors, and Gauge Groups; C. Fredenhagen. Non-Compact WZW Conformal Field Theories; K. Gawedzki. S-Matrix Theory for Black Holes; G. 't Hooft. Whitman Theory for Integrable Systems and Topological Quantum Field Theories; I. Krichever. Quantum Groups in Lattice Models; V. Pasquier. Lagrangian Conformal Models; R. Stora. Seminar Speakers: Integrability Properties of the Collective String Field Theory; J. Avan. Correlational Functions of Local Operators in 2D Gravity Coupled to Minimal Matter; Vl.S. Dotsenko. W-Algebras and Langlands-Drinfeld Correspondence; E. Frenkel. Aspects of Quantizing Lorentz Symmetry; A. Schirrmacher. 11 additional articles. Index.

The Nature of the Electronic Excited States of Molecular Systems; B. Di Bartolo. Properties of the Excited States of Complex Molecules; J. Reuss. Rate of Processes Involving Excited States; A.M. Stoneham. Excited States in Semiconductors; C. Klingshirn. Advances in the Characterization of Excited States of Luminescent Ions; G.F. Imbusch. Relaxed Excited States of Color Centers; G. Baldacchini. Properties of Highly Populated Excited States in Solids; F. Auzel. Advances in the Sensitization of Phosphors; B. Smets. Laser Spectroscopy inside Inhomogeneously Broadened Lines; M. MacFarlane. Excited-State Dynamics and Energy Transfer in Doped-Substituted Garnets; A. Brenier, et al. Studies of the Charge Transfer States of Certain Rare-Earth Activators in Yitrium and Lanthanum Oxysulfides; C.W. Struck, W.H. Fonger. The Jahn-Teller Effect in the Optical Spectra of Impurities; G. Viliani. 42 additional articles. Index.

Experiment and Phenomenology: Experimental Determination of Phase Diagrams; G. Inden. Phenomenological Calculations of Phase-Equilibria; A.P. Miodownik. Diffuse Scattering Determination of Short Range Order in Alloys; W. Schweika. Electronic Approach to Stability and Transformations: The Energetics of Ordered Intermetallic Alloys; R.E. Watson, et al. Quantum Theory of Structure; J. Hafner. First Principles Theory of Disordered Alloys and Alloy Phase Stability; G.M. Stocks, et al. Statics of Alloy Transformations: Monte Carlo Simulations of Alloy Phase Transformations; K. Binder. The Cluster Variation Method and Some Applications; A. Finel. The Direct Monte Carlo Method for Calculating Alloy Phases; J.S. Faulkner, et al. Kinetics and Dynamics of Alloy Transformations: Morphology Transformations in Ordering and Phase Separating Materials; A.G. Khachaturyan, et al. Alloys Under External Forcing; G. Martin, P. Bellon. 43 additional articles. Index.

Challenges and Opportunities in the Area of Environmental Biotechnology; G.S. Sayler. Advances in Sustainable Biotechnology: Global Trends Affecting Green Technology; D. Miller. Green Chemistry: Using Enzymes As Benign Substitutes for Synthetic Chemicals and Harsh Conditions in Industrial Processes; G.E. Nedwin. The State-of-The-Science in Environmental Biotechnology and Remediation: Phytoremediation Applications for Removing Heavy Metal Contamination from Soil and Water; B.D. Ensley, et al. The Role of Microbial PCB Dechlorination in Natural Restoration and Bioremediation; D.L. Bedard, H.M. Van Dort. Environmental Biotechnology at Home and Abroad: Environmental Biotechnology Issues in the United States Federal Government; D.J. Grimes. Environmental Monitoring, Risk Analysis, and Applications to Bioremediation: Environmentally Acceptable Endpoints: The Scientific Approach to Clean-Up Levels; D. Ritter. Advances in Wastewater Treatment Technology: Biotreatability Kinetics: A Critical Component in the Scale-Up of Wastewater Treatment Systems; C.P.L. Grady, Jr., et al. Summary: Biotechnology in the Sustainable Environment: A Review; J.J. Gauthier. 23 Additional Artricles. Index.