Bøker i Nato ASI Series-serien

HPV Gene Expression: The Antibody Response Against p53 in Cancer Patients (G. Matlashewski). Enhanced Production of WildType p53 Inhibits Growth and Differentiation of Normal Foreskin Epithelial Cells but not Cell Lines Containing Human Papillomavirus DNA (C.D. Woodworth et al.). Humoral Responses to HPV: Humoral Immune Response to Genital Human Papillomavirus Infections (L. Gissman). HPV 16 Antibodies in Cervical Cancer Patients and Healthy Control Women (V. Vonka et al.). Cell Mediated Immunity to HPV: Evolution of Class I HLA Antigen Presenting Molecules (P. Parham). Major Histocompatibility Complex Expression and Antigen Presentation in Cervical Cancer (J.S. Bartholomew et al.). Animal Models and Therapeutic Strategies: Skin Test Reactivity to Papilloma Cells Is Long Lasting in Domestic Rabbits After Regression of Cottontail Rabbit PapillomavirusInduced Papillomas (R.M. Höpfl et al.). 42 additional articles. Index.

Clinical Manifestations and Treatment: Clinical Manifestations of Lyme Borreliosis in an Italian Endemic Region; G. Bianchi. Lyme Borreliosis in Children; H.J. Christen, F. Hanefield. Ecology and Epidemiology: Lyme Borreliosis in Australia; R.D. Barry, et al. Geographic Diversity of Lyme Borreliosis; G. Bianchi. Role of Host Density in the Ecology of Lyme Disease; T.E. Awerbuch, A. Spielman. Biology of Immunopathogenesis: Expression of Public Idiotypes in Patients with Lyme Arthritis; J.S. Axford, et al. Lyme Disease in an Experimental Model; M.D. Gibson, et al. Chemotaxonomy of Borrelia; M.A. Livesley, P.A. Nuttall. Diagnosis: Detection of Lyme Disease Spirochaete DNA in Clinical Samples; K.J. Cann, et al. Clinical and Serological Study of Lyme Borreliosis in a Population of Neurological Patients; E. Capello. Pitfalls in the Laboratory Diagnosis of Lyme Borreliosis; S.J. Cutler. 36 additional articles. Index.

Antibiotics: Polyketide Synthetases; C.R. Hutchinson. Biosynthetic Studies on Antibiotics; K.L. Rinehart, et al. Natural Toxins: The Biosynthesis of Nicotine and Related Alkaloids in Intact Plants, Isolated Plant Parts, Tissue Cultures, and Cell-Free Systems; E. Leete. Examination of Tetrahydro and Dihydrobisfuran Formation in Aflatoxin Biosynthesis; C.A. Townsend, et al. Herbicides, Phytoalexins, and Microbial Metabolites: Microorganisms; B.G. Isaac, et al. Applications of Whole Cell Fungal Systems an Models of Mammalian Xenobiotic/Drug Metabolism; P.J. Davis, et al. Isoprenoid Pathway: Biosynthesis of Sesquiterpenoid Phytoalexins in Cotton Foliar Tissue; M. Essenberg, et al. Carotenoid Biosynthesis and Regulation in Plants; B. Camara, et al. Rubber: Enzymatic Synthesis of a Rubber Polymer; K.V. Venkatachalam, et al. 18 additional articles. Index.

Methods to Describe Fish Stocks; R. Guyomard. Spatial Organization of Pacific Salmon; B.E. Riddell. Status of Biodiversity of Taxa and Nontaxa of Salmonid Fishes; R.J. Behnte. Requirements for Genetic Data on Adaptations to Environment and Habitats of Salmonids; C.D. Levingo. Impacts of Fishing on Genetic Structure of Salmonid Populations; J.E. Thorpe. Genetic Change in Hatchery Populations; G.A.E. Gall. Potential Impacts of Transgenic and Genetically Manipulated Fish on Natural Populations; E. Hallerman, A. Kapuscinski. The Reproductive Containment of Genetically Altered Salmonids; E.M. Donalson, et al. Germplasm Repositories for Plants; R.L. Clark. Advances in Cryopreservation of Embryos and Prospects for Application to the Conservation of Salmonid Fishes; W.F. Rall. Genetic Resource Banks and Reproductive Technology for Wildlife Conservation; D.E. Wildt, et al. Cryopreservation of Fish Spermatozoa; B. Harvey. 14 additional articles. Index.

Components of Signal Transduction: The Metabolic Fates and Cellular Functions of Myoinositol; I. Batty, et al. Activation Mechanisms of Phospholipase C Isozymes; S.G. Rhee. Receptor Function and Regulation: Lysophosphatidic Acid as a Lipid Mediator; W. Moolenaar, et al. Modulation of Opioid Receptor Function by Membrane Lipids; F. Medzihradsky. Transcription Factors and Gene Regulation: Regulation of Gene Expression in Rodent Hepatocytes; K.G. Xanthopoulos. Transcription Factor CREM; D. Masquilier. Biosynthesis, Insertion, and Function of Membrane Components: Transmembrane Lipid Asymmetry in Eukaryotes; P.F. Devaux, A. Zachowski. Phosphatidylinositol Transfer Protein and Membrane Vesicle Flow; K.W.A. Wirtz, G.T. Snoek. Membrane Peroxidation and Protection: The Effects of Oxygen-Derived Free Radicals On Lipids, Protein and their Interactions; C. Rice-Evans. The Vitamin E Antitoxidant Cycle in Health and Disease; L. Packer. 17 additional articles. Index.

As topological questions playa role in non-standard theories as weIl, it will be found that some of the lectures and seminar talks in this volume adopt the point of view of standard relativity, whereas others are based on different theories, such as Kaluza-Klein theories, bimetric theories, and supergravity.

The Etiology and Prevention of Aerodigestive Tract Cancers.- Epidemiology of Vitamin A and Aerodigestive Cancer.- Multiple Primary Squamous Carcinomas of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract.- Genetic and Environmental Interactions as Risks for Aerodigestive Cancers.- Alcohol: A Cocarcinogen in Head and Neck Malignancies.- Smokeless Tobacco and Aerodigestive Tract Cancers: Recent Research Directions.- Biologic Markers as Predictors of Risk in Aerodigestive Tract Cancers.- Hamster Lung Cancer Model of Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention.- The Hamster Cheek Pouch Model of Carcinogenesis and Chemoprevention.- Culture Conditions Affect Expression of the ?6?4 Integrin Associated with Aggressive Behavior in Head and Neck Cancer.- Growth Factors and Other Targets for Rational Application as Intervention Agents.- Hyperplasia and Squamous Metaplasia in the Tracheobronchial Epithelium: Alterations in the Balance of Growth and Differentiation Factors.- Micronuclei as Intermediate End Points in Intervention.- Study Design for the Prevention of Aerodigestive Tract Cancers.- Participant Enrollment, Participation, and Compliance in Chemoprevention Trials.- A Population-based Trial of ?-Carotene Chemoprevention of Head and Neck Cancer.- Chemoprevention of Barrett's Esophagus and Oral Leukoplakia.- Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial: Lung Cancer Chemoprevention Trial in Heavy Cigarette Smokers and Asbestos-exposed Workers.- An Intervention Trial in High-Risk Asbestos-exposed Persons.- Chemoprevention-of Aerodigestive Epithelial Cancers.- Contributors.

Is There a Link between the Nature of Agents That Trigger Mast Cells and the Induction of Immunoglobulin (IG)E Synthesis?.- Immunogenetic Aspects of IgE-Mediated Responses.- Structure and Function of the Low Affinity IgE Receptor.- Characterization of the Human IgE Fc-Fce RIa Interaction.- The Analysis of Mast Cell Function in Vivo Using Mast Cell-Deficient Mice.- The Immunogenetic Basis of Collagen Induced Arthritis in Mice: An Experimental Model for the Rational Design of Immunomodulatory Treatments of Rheumatoid Arthritis.- Suppression of Experimental Autoimmune Myasthenia Gravis by Epitope-Specific Neonatal Tolerance.- T Cell Reactivity to Self and Allogeneic MHC-Peptides.- Antiribosomal Antibodies in SLE, Infection, and Following Deliberate Immunization.- Cross-Reactions of Anti-Immunoglobulin Sera with Synthetic T-Cell Receptor ? Peptides: Mapping on a 3-Dimension Model.- Stress Proteins in Autoimmunity.- Polyclonal B Cell Activation and B Cell Cross-Reactivity During Autoantibody Production in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.- Autoantibody Activity and V Gene Usage by B-Cell Malignancies.- Naturally Occurring Human Autoantibodies to Defend T-Cell Receptor and Light Chain Peptides.- Natural Autoantibodies.- Regulatory Autoantibody and Cellular Aging and Removal.- B-Cell Origin of Cold Agglutinins.- Initiation of Autoimmune Type 1 Diabetes and Molecular Cloning of a Gene Encoding for Islet Cell-Specific 37KD Autoantigen.- Mapping of the Polypeptide Chain Organization of the Main Extracellular Domain of the ?-Subunit in Membrane-Bound Acetylcholine Receptor by Anti-Peptide Antibodies Spanning the Entire Domain.

QoS Enhancements and the New Transport Services; A. Danthine, et al. Performance Evaluation and Monitoring of Heterogenous Networks; J. Neuman, et al. Application of High Speed Networks in Hospital Environment; J.R. Rao. On Allocation Schemes for the Interconnection of LANs and Multimedia Sources over Broadband Networks; M. Mateescu. A Superposition of Bursty Sources in a LAN Interconnection Environment; J.M. Karlsson. Interconnecting LANs for Real Time Traffic Application; I. Chlamtac. An Analytical Model for ATM Based Networks which Utilize LookAhead Contention Resolution Switching; J.V. Luciani, C.Y. Roger Chen. Transient Analysis of Nonhomogenous Continuous Time Markov Chains Describing Realistic LAN Systems; A. Rindos, et al. Closed Queueing Network Modeling for End-to-End Performance Analysis of ISO LLC Transport Protocols over Bridged Networks; T. Ikegawa. A Preview of APPN High Performance Routing; J.P. Gray, M.L. Peters. 12 additional articles. Index.

Fluoropyrimidine Metabolism and Mechanism of Action.- 5-Fluoro-2?-Deoxyuridine: Role of Schedule in its Therapeutic Efficacy.- Comparison of Continuous Infusions and Bolus Injections of 5- Fluorouracil with or without Leucovorin: Implications for Inhibition of Thymidylate Synthase.- Critical Questions for the Future Direction of FU/LV.- Cellular Interactions Between the Natural and Unnatural Isomers of 5-Formyltetrahydrofolate.- Leucovorin as a Prodrug.- Clinical Use of Leucovorin: Intracellular Metabolism.- Some Considerations Concerning the Dose and Schedule of 5FU and Leucovorin: Toxicities of Two Dose Schedules from the Intergroup Colon Adjuvant Trial (INT-0089).- Effects of 5-Fluorouracil on mRNA.- Genetic Variation in Thymidylate Synthase Confers Resistance to 5-Fluorodeoxyuridine.- Experience with 5FU + L-Leucovorin.- 5-Fluorouracil Combined with the Pure [6S]-Stereoisomer of Folinic Acid in High Doses for Treatment of Patients with Advanced Colorectal Carcinoma: A Phase I-II Study of Two Consecutive Regimens.- 5-Fluorouracil Modulation in Colorectal Carcinoma: Experience of German Investigators.- An Overview of Adjuvant Treatment of Colon Cancer.- Dose-Dependent Inhibition of Aspartate Carbamoyltransferase in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Patients Receiving N-Phosphonacetyl)-L-Aspartate.- Alternative Approaches to Modulation of Fluoropyrimidines.- Increasing the Efficacy of 5-Fluorouracil with Interferons: Preclinical, Clinical, and Pharmacokinetic Studies.- Enchanced Cytotoxicity of 5-Fluorouracil Combined with [6RS]-Leucovorin and Recombinant Human Interferon-?2a in Colon Carcinoma Cells.- Regulation of Thymidylate Synthase in Human Colon Cancer Cells Treated with 5-Fluorouracil and Interferon-Gamma.- Biochemical Modulation of 5-Fluorouracil by PALA: Mechanism of Action.- Implications of Chronobiology for 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) Efficacy.- Update on Metabolic Modulation as a Therapeutic Approach for Adult Carcinomas.- Fluorouracil and Leucovorin in Advanced Breast Cancer.- Fluorouracil Modulation in Head and Neck Cancer.- Biomodulation in Head and Neck Carcinomas: Therapeutic Approaches in Europe.- Rationale for the Combination Therapy of 5FU and CDDP.- Biochemical Modulation of Fluoropyrimidines: The "Giscad" Studies.- New Drugs.- Clinical Experience with UFT in Japan.- Clinical Studies of the Modulation of Ftorafur.- The Role of the Reduced-Folate Carrier and Metabolism to Intracellular Polyglutamates for the Activity of ICI D1694.- The History of the Development and Clinical Use of CB 3717 and ICI D1694.- New Sites of Intervention in the Development of New Drugs in Solid Tumors.- P53: A Determinant of the Cell Cycle Response to DNA Damage.- Therapeutic Implications of Molecular Genetics.- Concluding Remarks.- Summary.- Abbreviations.- Author Index.

1 Vascular Analysis of the Carotid Body in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat.- 2 Role of the Carotid Sinus Nerve and of Dopamine in the Biochemical Response of Sympathetic Tissues to Long-Term Hypoxia.- 3 The Effects of Almitrine on [3H]5HT and [125I] Endothelin Binding to Central and Peripheral Receptors: An In Vitro Autoradiographic Study in the Cat.- 4 Immunocytochemical and Neurochemical Aspects of Sympathetic Ganglion Chemosensitivity.- 5 Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Markers in the Human Carotid Body in Health and Disease.- 6 The Effects of Chronic Hypoxaemia upon the Structure of the Human Carotid Body.- 7 Dopaminergic and Peptidergic Sensory Innervation of the Rat Carotid Body: Organization and Development.- 8 Effects of Cell-Free Perfusion and Almitrine Bismesylate on the Ultrastructure of Type-1 Cell Mitochondria in the Cat Carotid Body.- 9 Multi-Unit Compartmentation of the Carotid Body Chemoreceptor by Perineurial Cell Sheaths: Immunohistochemistry and Freeze-Fracture Study.- 10 Light and Electronmicroscopical Immunohistochemical Investigation of the Innervation of the Human Carotid Body.- 11 Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine) Expression in Pulmonary Neuro-Endocrine Cells (NE) and a Netumor Cell Line.- 12 Effects of Hypoxia on Cultured Chemoreceptors of the Rat Carotid Body: DNA Synthesis and Mitotic Activity in Glomus Cells.- 13 Localization of Dopamine D2 Receptor mRNA in the Rabbit Carotid Body and Petrosal Ganglion by in situ Hybridization.- 14 Noradrenergic Glomus Cells in the Carotid Body: An Autoradiographic and Immunocytochemical Study in the Rabbit and Rat.- 15 The Modulation of Intracellular pH in Carotid Body Glomus Cells by Extracellular pH and pCO2.- 16 Evidence for Glucose Uptake in the Rabbit Carotid Body.- 17 Effects of Inorganic Calcium Channel Blockers on Carotid Chemosensory Responses in the Cat.- 18 Those Strange Glomus Cells.- 19 Carotid Body Neurotransmission.- 20 Carbonic Anhydrase and the Carotid Body.- 21 Ca2+ Dynamics in Chemoreceptor Cells: An Overview.- 22 Spectrophotometric Analysis of Heme Proteins in Oxygen Sensing Cell Systems.- 23 Neurochemical and Molecular Biological Aspects on the Resetting of the Arterial Chemoreceptors in the Newborn Rat.- 24 Carbonic Anhydrase and Carotid Body Chemoreception in the Presence and Absence of CO2-HCO3-.- 25 Role of Ion-Exchangers in the Cat Carotid Body Chemotransduction.- 26 Dopamine Metabolism in the Rabbit Carotid Body in vitro: Effect of Hypoxia and Hypercapnia.- 27 PO2-Dependence of Phospholipase C in the Cat Carotid Body.- 28 Optical Measurements of Micro-Vascular Oxygen Pressure and Intracellular pH in the Cat Carotid Body: Testing Hypotheses of Oxygen Chemoreception.- 29 Elevation of Cytosolic Calcium Induced by pH Changes in Cultured Carotid Body Glomus Cells.- 30 Role of Carbon Dioxide for Hypoxic Chemotransduction of the Cat Carotid Body.- 31 Metabolic Substrate Dependence of Carotid Chemosensory Responses to Stop-Flow Evoked Hypoxia and to Nicotine.- 32 Effects of Chemosensory Stimulation Membrane Currents Recorded with the Perforated-Patch Method from Cultured Rat Glomus Cells.- 33 Carbonic Anhydrase Near Central Chemoreceptors.- 34 Update on the Bicarbonate Hypothesis.- 35 Regulation of Intracellular pH in Type I Cells of the Neonatal Rat Carotid Body.- 36 Noradrenergic Inhibition of the Goat Carotid Body.- 37 Role of Substance P in Rat Carotid Body Responses to Hypoxia and Capsaicin.- 38 Carotid Sinus Nerve Inhibition Mediated by Atrial Natriuretic Peptide.- 39 Neurotransmitters and Second Messenger Systems in the Carotid Body.- 40 Does Adenosine Stimulate Rat Carotid Body Chemoreceptors?.- 41 Effects of Haloperidol on Cat Carotid Body Chemoreceptionin Vitro.- 42 Effect of Arterial Chemoreceptor Stimulation: Role of Norepinephrine in Hypoxic Chemotransmission.- 43 Carotid Body Denervation and Pulmonary Vascular Resistance in the Rat.- 44 Effects of Chemoreceptor Stimulation by Almitrine Bismesylate on Renal Function in Conscious Rats...

Regulation of Insulin Secretion.- Impaired Glucose-Induced Insulin Secretion: Studies in Animal Models with Spontaneous NIDDM.- Perturbation of Islet Metabolism and Insulin Release in NIDDM.- Regulation of Cytoplasmic Free Ca2+ in Insulin-Secreting Cells.- The ß-Cell Sulfonylurea Receptor.- Insulin, Insulin Receptors and Glucose Transporters.- Regulation of Glucose Transporters and the Na/K-ATPase by Insulin in Skeletal Muscle.- Insulin Receptor: Aspects of Its Structure and function.- The Diabetogenes Concept of NIDDM.- Molecular Genetics of NIDDM and the Genes for Insulin and Insulin Receptor.- Autoregulation of Glucose Transport: Effects of Glucose on Glucose Transporter Expression and Cellular Location in Muscle.- Insulin Action in NIDDM.- Insulin Resistance and the Pathogenesis of Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms.- Indirect Effects of Insulin in Regulating Glucose Fluxes.- The Insulin-Antagonistic Effect of the Counterregulatory Hormones - Clinical and Mechanistic Aspects.- On Insulin Action in Vivo: The Single Gateway Hypothesis.- Gluconeogenesis.- Acute Hormonal Regulation of Gluconeogenesis in the Conscious Dog.- Estimating Gluconeogenic Rates in NIDDM.- Glucose Metabolism during Physical Exercise in Patients with Noninsulin-Dependent (Type II) Diabetes.- Substrates and the Regulation of Hepatic Glycogen Metabolism.- Gluconeogenesis in Type 2 Diabetes.- Obesity, Lipoproteins, Atherogenesis, and NIDDM.- Regulation of Adipose Tissue Lipolysis, Importance for the Metabolic Syndrome.- Cellular and Molecular Factors in Adipose Tissue Growth and Obesity.- Regional Obesity and NIDDM.- Hyperinsulinemia and VLDL Kinetics.- Hyperinsulinism and Dyslipidemias as Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors in NIDDM.- Potential Impact of New Concepts In NIDDM on Delivery of Care to Diabetic Populations.- A Paradigm to Link Clinical Research to Clinical Practice: The Challenge in Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus.

Theory of Ionization and Electron Emission: Theory of Electron Ejection from Matter by Highly Charged Ion Impact; J.H. Macek. Auger Processes at Metallic Surfaces: Auger Processes at Surfaces; A. Niehaus. Kinetic Auger Processes and Shell Effects: Electron Emission from Silicon Induced by Bombardment with Oxygen Ions; E.A. Maydell. Kinetic Electron Emission from Thin Foils: Electron Ejection Induced by Fast Projectiles; G. Schiwietz. Surface Effects in Kinetic Electron Emission: Electron Emission Phenomena in Grazing Collisions of Fast Ions with Surfaces; H. Winter, et al. Spin Polarized Electron Emission: IonInduced Electron Emission from Magnetic and Nonmagnetic Surfaces; C. Rau, et al. Electron Emission and Charging of Insulators: Secondary Electron Emission from Insulators; J. Schou. Ionization Effects in Semiconductors and Insulators: Ionization Tracks; R.E. Johnson. 23 additional articles. Index.

The Lectures: Conjugated Polymers in Layered Hosts; M.G. Kanatzidis, et al. Staging in Intercalated Graphites, Polymers, and Fullerenes; E.J. Mele. Seminars and Communications: Size-Mismatch Melting in Two Dimensions; N. Mousseau, M.F. Thorpe. Tight Binding Molecular Dynamics for Intercalation Chemistry; M. Menon, et al. Local Oscillator Model for Superconducting Fullerenes; Z. Gedik, S. Ciraci. Some Optical Properties of Fullerenes; B. Friedman. Photoluminescence of Solid State Fullerenes; H.J. Byrne, et al. Magnetic Properties of Alkali Metal Intercalated Fullerides; P. Byszewski, et al. Charge Transport and Percolation in Conducting Polymers; J. Voit. Overview on the Chemistry of Intercalation in Graphite of Binary Metallic Alloys; P. Lagrange. Mineralomimetic Inclusion Behavior of Cadmium Cyanide Systems; T. Iwamoto, et al. 36 additional articles. Index.

Background.- Aging, Comorbidity, and Breast Cancer Survival: An Epidemiologic View.- Squamous Cell Cancer of the Cervix, Immune Senescence and HPV: Is Cervical Cancer an Age-Related Neoplasm?.- Genetics and Epigenetics.- Genetic and Molecular Basis for Cellular Senescence.- A Single Gene Change Can Extend Yeast Life Span: The Role of ras in Cellular Senescence.- A Comparison of the Properties of Human P53 Mutant Alleles.- Gene Structure and Expression in Colorectal Cancer.- Influence of Physiological Changes in the Immune Constitutions in Aging and Cancer.- Tumors and Aging: The Influence of Age-Associated Immune Changes upon Tumor Growth and Spread.- T Cell Differentiation and Functional Maturation in Aging Mice.- Molecular Biology of Age-Related Changes in Some Types of Cancer.- I. Breast Cancer.- Cytogenetics and Clinical Correlations in Breast Cancer.- Breast Cancer: Influence of Endocrine Hormones, Growth Factors and Genetic Alterations.- Regulation of Estrogen Receptor Expression in Breast Cancer.- Aging and Development of Ovarian Epithelial Carcinoma: The Relevance of Changes in Ovarian Stromal Androgen Production.- II. Prostate Cancer.- Prostatic Cancer: An Age-Old Problem.- Stromal-Epithelial Paracrine Interactions in the Neoplastic Rat and Human Prostate.- Heparin-Binding Fibroblast Growth Factors and Prostate Cancer.- Molecular Epidemiology and Treatment Modality in Patients of Different Ages with Leukemias.- Age Related Changes in Adults with Acute Leukemia.- Significance of Chromosomal Chances in Patients of Different Age Groups with Acute Leukemia.- Glucocorticoid Receptors in Leukemias, Lymphomas and Myelomas of Young And Old.- Drug Resistance.- General Aspects of Cancer Chemotherapy in the Aged.- Drug Resistance and Cancer.- Summation and Synthesis.- From the Cancer Cell Biology Point of View.- From the Immunology Point of View.- From the Aging Point of View.- Participants and Contributors.

General Introduction: Dendritic cells: Antigen presentation, accessory function and clinical relevance.- Endocytic activity of dendritic cells is similar to other antigen presenting cells.- Immunocytochemical characterization of dendritic cells.- Requirements of exogenous protein antigens for presentation to CD4+ T lymphocytes by MHC Class II-positive APC.- Modulation of MHC Class II determinants on rat Langerhans cells during short term culture.- A dendritic cell specific determinant present in endosomes is involved in the presentation of protein antigens.- Dendritic cells are potent antigen-presenting cells for microbial superantigen.- Divergent T-cell cytokine profiles induced by dendritic cells from different tissues.- Adhesion molecules: Co-stimulators and Co-mitogens in dendritic cell - T cell interaction.- Dendritic cell dependent expression of IgA by clones in T/B microcultures.- Adhesion molecules in tonsil DC-T cell interactions.- Dendritic cells have reduced cell surface membrane glycoproteins including CD43 determinants.- The effect of human dendritic cells on the lectin-induced responsiveness of CD4+ T cells to IL-2 and IL-4.- Analysis of cytokine and cytokine receptor production by human dendritic cells.- Costimulating factors and signals relevant for antigen presenting cell function.- Distinct T cell stimulation mechanism and phenotype of human blood dendritic cells.- The role of dendritic cells in the regulation of T cell cytokine synthesis.- The role of dendritic cells as co-stimulators in tolerance induction.- The influence of dendritic cells on T-cell cytokine production.- Phenotypical and functional characterization of dendritic cells in the human peritoneal cavity.- Dendritic cells isolated from rat and human non-lymphoid tissue are very potent accessory cells.- Antigen presenting capacity of peritoneal macrophages and dendritic cells.- T-cell repertoire development in MHC class II deficient humans.- Rat thymic dendritic cells.- Rat thymic dendriticCells: flow cytometry analysis.- Ultrastructure of interdigitating cells in the rat thymus during Cyclosporin A treatment.- T cell tolerance and antigen presenting cell function in the thymus.- Tolerizing mice to human leukocytes: A step toward the production of monoclonal antibodies specific for human dendritic cells.- Morphological and functional differences between HLA-Dr+ peripheral blood dendritic cells and HLA Dr+ IFN-alpha producing cells.- Three monoclonal antibodies to antigen presenting cells in the rat with differential influence on cellular interactions.- The MHC expression of dendritic cells from mouse spleen isolated by centrifugal elutriation is unregulated during short term culture.- II-6 and its high affinity receptor during differentiation of monocytes into Langerhans cells.- Phagocytosis of antigens by Langerhans cells.- Dissection of human Langerhans cell allostimulatory function. Modulation by interferon-?.- Human in vitro T cell sensitization using hapten-modified epidermal Langerhans cells.- Monocyte-derived Langerhans cells from different species - morphological and functional characterization.- A serial section study of mice Langerhans cell granules after DNFB painting.- Skin dendritic cell-lymphocyte interactions in autologous system.- Induction of the low affinity receptor for IgE (Fc?RII/CD23) on human blood dendritic cells by interleukin-4.- Fc? RI mediates IGE-binding to human epidermal Langerhans cells.- Murine epidermal Langerhans cells as a model to study tissue dendritic cells.- Differentiation of dendritic cells in cultures of rat and mouse bone marrow cells.- TNF and GM-CSF dependent growth of an early progenitor of dendritic Langerhans cells in human bone marrow.- Human bone marrow contains potent stimulatory cells for the allogeneic MLR with the phenotype of dendritic cells.- Recombinant GM-CSF induces in vitro differentiation of dendritic cells from mouse bone marrow.- Signals required for differentiating dendritic cells...

Aldehyde Dehydrogenases-The 1992 Perspective.- Metabolic Role of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase.- Effects of Aldehyde Products of Lipid Peroxidation on the Activity of Aldehyde Metabolizing Enzymes in Hepatomas.- Metabolic Interactions of 4-Hydroxynonenal, Acetaldehyde and Glutathione in Isolated Liver Mitochondria.- Biological Role of Human Cytosolic Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 1: Hormonal Response, Retinal Oxidation and Implication in Testicular Feminization.- Human Cytosolic Aldehyde Dehydrogenase in Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome.- The Use of Immortalized Mouse L1210/OAP Cells Established in Culture to Study the Major Class 1 Aldehyde Dehydrogenase-Catalyzed Oxidation of Aldehydes in Intact Cells.- Enhanced Transcription of the Cytosolic ALDH Gene in Cyclophosphamide Resistant Human Carcinoma Cells.- Attempts to Increase the Expression of Rat Liver Mitochondrial Aldehyde Dehydrogenase in E. coli by Altering the mRNA.- Preliminary Characterization of the Rat Class 3 Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Gene.- Human High-Km Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH3): Molecular, Kinetic, and Structural Features.- Overexpression or Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-Mediated Induction of an Apparently Novel Class 3 Aldehyde Dehydrogenase in Human Breast Adenocarcinoma Cells and Its Relationship to Oxazaphosphorine-Specific Acquired Resistance.- Tumor-Associated Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH3): Expression in Different Human Tumor Cell Lines with and without Treatment with 3-Methylcholanthrene.- Sexual Differentiation in the Induction of the Class 3 Aldehyde Dehydrogenase.- Mouse Class 3 Aldehyde Dehydrogenases: Positive and Negative Regulation of Gene Expression.- Human Stomach Aldehyde Dehydrogenase, ALDH3.- Bovine Corneal Aldehyde Dehydrogenases: Evidence for Multiple Gene Products (ALDH3 and ALDHX).- Carbonyl-Metabolizing Enzymes and Their Relatives Recruited as Structural Proteins in the Eye Lens.- Members of the ALDH Gene Family are Lens and Corneal Crystalline.- Retinoic Acid Synthesis in the Developing Retina.- Human Liver High Km Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ALDH4): Properties and Structural Relationship to the Yeast Glutamic ?-Semialdhyde Dehydrogenase.- Effect of Some Compounds Related to Disulfiram on Mitochondrial Aldehyde Dehydrogenase in Vitro and in Vivo.- Photoaffinity Labeling of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase from Horse Liver by P1-N6-(4-Azidophenylethyl) Adenosine-P2[4-(3-Azidopyridinio)Butyl] Diphosphate.- Aldehyde Dehydrogenase: Aldehyde Dehydrogenation and Ester Hydrolysis.- Is the Single Site Binding Model for Aldehyde Dehydrogenase an Oversimplification? The One-Site, Two-Site Debate Revisited.- Crystallization and Preliminary X-Ray Analysis of Bovine Mitochondrial Aldehyde Dehydrogenase and Human Glutathione-Dependent Formaldehyde Dehydrogenase.- Aldo-Keto Reductases: An Overview.- Location of an Essential Arginne Residue in the Primary Structure of Pig Aldose Reductase.- Cys298 Is Responsible for Reversible Thiol-Induced Variation in Aldose Reductase Activity.- Substrate Specificity of Reduced and Oxidized Forms of Human Aldose Reductase.- Kinetic Alteration of Human Aldose Reductase by Mutagenesis of Cysteine Residues.- Inhibition of Aldose Reductase by (2, 6-Dimethylphenylsulphonyl) Nitromethane: Possible Implications for the Nature of an Inhibitor Binding Site and a Cause of Biphasic Kinetics.- Sepiapterin Reductase and ALR2 ("Aldose Reductase") from Bovine Brain.- Polymorphisms of the Aldose Reductase Locus (ALR2) and Suseptibility to Diabetic Microvascular Complications.- Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Phenolic Antioxidants do not Significantly Induce Carbonyl Reductase in Human Cell Lines.- The Purification and Properties of a Novel Carbonyl Reducing Enzyme from Mouse Liver Microsomes.- Properties and Stereoselectivity of Carbonyl Reductases Involved in the Ketone Reduction of Warfarin and Analogues.- Activation of Pulmonary Carbonyl Reductase by Aromatic Amines and Pyridine Ring-Containing Compounds.- Unique Dihydrodiol Specific Dehydrogena...

Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Multisensor Fusion for Computer Vision, held in Grenoble, France, June 26-30, 1989

Development of the Primate Visual System throughout Life; P. Rakic. Animal Modes of LifeSpan Development; W. Hodos. Ontogenetic Clues to the Phylogeny of the Visual System; B. Fritzsch. Aging and Spatial Contrast Sensitivity; C. Owsley. Synaptic Plasticity in the Adult Vertebrate Retina; M.B.A. Djamgoz. Development of the Visual Cortex Deprived of Retinal Cues; R.O. Kuljis. Cellular and Molecular Aspects of Neuronal Differentiation; G. Augusti-Tocco, et al. Visual System in Some Somatic Diseases; F.F. Demircioglu. Effects of Intraocular Activity Blockade on the Morphology of Developing LGN Neurons in the Cat; K. Herrmann. A Neural Network Model for Stripe Formation in Primate Visual Cortex; W. Cowan, M.J. Zuckerman. Stereo Matching Using Relaxation Labeling Based on Edge and Orientation Features; J.S. Jin. Twentyfour additional articles. Index.

I Taxonomy, Ecology and Phylogeny.- Halophily, Taxonomy, Phylogeny and Nomenclature.- The Microbiota of Saline Lakes of the Vestfold Hills, Antarctica.- Halophilic Organisms and the Environment.- Estimation of the Contribution of Archaebacteria and Eubacteria to the Bacterial Biomass and Activity in Hypersaline Ecosystems: Novel Approaches.- Some Primary and Secondary Metabolites of Hypersaline Microbial Mats and Associated Sediments.- Taxonomy of New Species of Moderately Halophilic Eubacteria.- Phenotypic Characterization of Halophilic Bacteria from Ground Water Sources in the United States.- II Physiology.- Halophiles of All Kinds: What are they up to now, and Where do they come from?.- Mechanism of Chloride Transport in Halophilic Archaebacteria.- Processes of Adaptation of Different Cell-Lines of Dunaliella to Widely Differing Salt Concentrations.- Osmoregulation in Rhizobium meliloti: Control of Glycine Betaine Biosynthesis and Catabolism.- Is the Na+-Activated NADH-Quinone-Acceptor Oxidoreductase in Marine Bacteria and Moderate Halophiles a Primary Electrogenic Na+ Pump?.- Ionic Relations and Polyol Metabolism of Marine Fungi in Relation to their Environment.- Salt Adaptation of Ectothiorhodospira.- Lipoic Acid and Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase in Halophilic Archaeobacteria.- Nitrate Reduction in the Extremely Halophilic Bacteria.- Retinal-Opsin-Dependent Detection of Short-Wavelength Ultraviolet Radiation (UV-B), and Endogenous Bias on Direction of Flagellar Rotation in Tethered Halobacterium halobium Cells.- Steps in the Photosensory Signal Chair of Halobacterium halobium.- Mode of Action of Halocins H4 and H6: Are they Effective against the Adaptation to High Salt Environments?.- Bioenergetics of Halobacterium halobium and of H. marismortui.- The response of Halophilic Bacteria to Heavy Metals.- Biochemical Characterization of Dihydrofolate Reductase of Halobacterium volcanii.- III Composition and Structure.- Polar Lipid Structure, Composition and Biosynthesis in Extremely Halophilic Bacteria.- Variations in the Lipid Composition of Aerobic, Halophilic Archaeobacteria.- Bacterioruberins Reinforce reconstituted Halobacterium Lipid Membranes.- The 'True' Intracellular Environment of Moderately Halophilic Eubacteria.- Effects of Salinity on Membrane Lipids and Membrane-Derived Oligosaccharides.- Physiology of Halomonas Elongata in Different NaCI Concentratio..- Do Periplasmic Oligosaccharides Provide a Role in the Osmotic Adaptation of Gram-negative Bacteria?.- IV Molecular Biology and Genetics.- The Ribosomal RNA Operons of Halophilic Archaebacteria.- Bacterio-Opsin Gene Expression in Halobacterium halobium.- The Kinetic of the Genetic Exchange Process in Halobacterium volcanii mating.- Physical Mapping and Gene Transfer Methods for Halobacterium (Halo ferax) volcanii.- Gas Vacuole Genes in Halobacteria.- Insertion Elements Affecting Gas Vacuole Gene Expression in Halobacterium halobium.- Genomic Organization Studies in Halobacteria Using Pulse Field Gel Electrophoresis.- Physical and Genetic Mapping of the Unstable Gas Vesicle Plasmid in Halobacterium halobium NRC-1.- Enzymology and Genetics of an Alpha-like DNA Polymerase from Halobacterium halobium.- Phylogeny of DNA-dependent RNA Polymerases: Testimony for the Origin of Eukaryotes.- DNA Topology in Halobacteria.- V Applied Aspects of Halophilic Organisms.- An Application of a Bioreactor with Flocculated Cells of Halophilic Micrococcus varians Subsp. Halophilus which Preferentially Adsorbed Halophilic Nuclease H to 5'-Nucleotide Production.- Novel Compatible Solutes and their Potential Application as Stabilizers in Enzyme Technology.- Lysis of Halobacteria with Bile Acids and Proteolytic Enzymes of Halophilic Archaeobacteria.- An Archaeobacterial Antigen Used to Study Immunological Humoral Response to C-myc Oncogene Product.- Biopolymer Production by Haloferax mediterranei.- Halophiles in Thai Fish Sauce (Nam Pla).- Liquid Fuel (Oil) from Halophilic Algae: A Ren...

Epidemiology and Carcinogenesis.- Evidence from Animal Studies for the Carcinogenicity of Inhaled Diesel Exhaust.- Interpretation of Carcinogenicity and Effective Dose in Chronic Exposures of Rats to High Diesel Exhaust Concentrations.- Carcinogenicity of Dinitroarenes in Rat Lung.- In Vivo Metabolism and Genotoxic Effects of the Air Pollutant and Marker for Nitro-PAH's, 2-Nitrofluorene.- Chemistry, Detection, and Occurrence.- Nitroarenes: Their Detection, Mutagenicity and Occurrence in the Environment.- The Atmospheric Formation of Nitroarenes and Their Occurrence in Ambient Air.- Metabolism of 1-Nitropyrene Oxides and Effect of Nitrogen Dioxide on Arene Activation.- Molecular Mechanisms.- Mutagenic and Biochemical Consequences of the Reaction of Arylamines with DNA.- Mutagenesis Induced by a Single Acetylaminofluorene Adduct within the Narl Site is Position Dependent.- Unusual Hydrogen Bonding Patterns in 2-Aminofluorene (AF) and 2-Acetylaminofluorene (AAF) Modified DNA.- DNA Adduct Formation during Chronic Administration of an Aromatic Amine.- Aerial Oxidation of Acetylaminofluorene-Derived DNA Adducts.- Mutations and Homologous Recombination Induced by N-Substituted Aryl Compounds in Mammalian Cells.- Comparison of the Mutagenic Potency of DNA Adducts Formed by Reactive Derivatives of Aflatoxin, Benzidine and 1-Nitropyrene in a Plasmid System.- Mutations Induced in the lacI Gene of E. coli by 1-Nitroso-8-Nitropyrene and Furylfuramide: The Influence of Plasmid pKM101 and Excision Repair on the Mutational Spectrum.- DNA Adduct Formation by 1-Nitropyrene 4,5- and 9,10-Oxide.- Nitropolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Diesel Exhaust: Potential Role of DNA Binding in Carcinogenicity.- Validation/Application of 32?-Postlabeling Analysis for the Detection of DNA Adducts Resulting from Complex Air Pollution Sources Containing PAHs and Nitrated PAHs.- Analysis of NO2-PAH DNA Adducts by Mass Spectrometry.- Metabolism.- Generation of Reactive Intermediates from 2-Nitrofluorene that Bind Covalently to DNA, RNA and Protein In Vitro and In Vivo in the Rat.- Activation of Carcinogenic N-Arylhydroxamic Acids by Peroxidase/H2O2/Halide Systems: Route to C-Nitroso Aromatics.- Biochemical Studies on the Putative Nitroso Metabolite of Chloramphenicol: A New Model for the Cause of Aplastic Anemia.- Mechanisms of FANFT/ANFT Induced Bladder Cancer.- Mutagenic Arylazides, Arylnitrenes, Arylnitrenium Ions.- Products Obtained by In Vitro Reaction of 4,5-Epoxy4,5-Dihydro-1-Nitropyrene with DNA.- Oxidative Metabolism of Nitrated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Mammalian Cell Fractions.- Metabolic Activation of 6-Nitrochrysene and 6-Aminochrysene In Vitro and In Vivo.- Summary.- The Possible Role of Nitroarenes in Human Cancer.- Abstracts Presented at the Meeting.- Contributor Index.

Challenges and Opportunities in the Area of Environmental Biotechnology; G.S. Sayler. Advances in Sustainable Biotechnology: Global Trends Affecting Green Technology; D. Miller. Green Chemistry: Using Enzymes As Benign Substitutes for Synthetic Chemicals and Harsh Conditions in Industrial Processes; G.E. Nedwin. The State-of-The-Science in Environmental Biotechnology and Remediation: Phytoremediation Applications for Removing Heavy Metal Contamination from Soil and Water; B.D. Ensley, et al. The Role of Microbial PCB Dechlorination in Natural Restoration and Bioremediation; D.L. Bedard, H.M. Van Dort. Environmental Biotechnology at Home and Abroad: Environmental Biotechnology Issues in the United States Federal Government; D.J. Grimes. Environmental Monitoring, Risk Analysis, and Applications to Bioremediation: Environmentally Acceptable Endpoints: The Scientific Approach to Clean-Up Levels; D. Ritter. Advances in Wastewater Treatment Technology: Biotreatability Kinetics: A Critical Component in the Scale-Up of Wastewater Treatment Systems; C.P.L. Grady, Jr., et al. Summary: Biotechnology in the Sustainable Environment: A Review; J.J. Gauthier. 23 Additional Artricles. Index.

Experiment and Phenomenology: Experimental Determination of Phase Diagrams; G. Inden. Phenomenological Calculations of Phase-Equilibria; A.P. Miodownik. Diffuse Scattering Determination of Short Range Order in Alloys; W. Schweika. Electronic Approach to Stability and Transformations: The Energetics of Ordered Intermetallic Alloys; R.E. Watson, et al. Quantum Theory of Structure; J. Hafner. First Principles Theory of Disordered Alloys and Alloy Phase Stability; G.M. Stocks, et al. Statics of Alloy Transformations: Monte Carlo Simulations of Alloy Phase Transformations; K. Binder. The Cluster Variation Method and Some Applications; A. Finel. The Direct Monte Carlo Method for Calculating Alloy Phases; J.S. Faulkner, et al. Kinetics and Dynamics of Alloy Transformations: Morphology Transformations in Ordering and Phase Separating Materials; A.G. Khachaturyan, et al. Alloys Under External Forcing; G. Martin, P. Bellon. 43 additional articles. Index.

The Nature of the Electronic Excited States of Molecular Systems; B. Di Bartolo. Properties of the Excited States of Complex Molecules; J. Reuss. Rate of Processes Involving Excited States; A.M. Stoneham. Excited States in Semiconductors; C. Klingshirn. Advances in the Characterization of Excited States of Luminescent Ions; G.F. Imbusch. Relaxed Excited States of Color Centers; G. Baldacchini. Properties of Highly Populated Excited States in Solids; F. Auzel. Advances in the Sensitization of Phosphors; B. Smets. Laser Spectroscopy inside Inhomogeneously Broadened Lines; M. MacFarlane. Excited-State Dynamics and Energy Transfer in Doped-Substituted Garnets; A. Brenier, et al. Studies of the Charge Transfer States of Certain Rare-Earth Activators in Yitrium and Lanthanum Oxysulfides; C.W. Struck, W.H. Fonger. The Jahn-Teller Effect in the Optical Spectra of Impurities; G. Viliani. 42 additional articles. Index.

Lecturers: Quantum Symmetries in 2D Massive Field Theories; D. Bernard. On Knot and Manifold Invariants; R. Bott. The Metric Aspect of Noncommutative Geometry; A. Connes, J. Lott. Observables, Superselection Sectors, and Gauge Groups; C. Fredenhagen. Non-Compact WZW Conformal Field Theories; K. Gawedzki. S-Matrix Theory for Black Holes; G. 't Hooft. Whitman Theory for Integrable Systems and Topological Quantum Field Theories; I. Krichever. Quantum Groups in Lattice Models; V. Pasquier. Lagrangian Conformal Models; R. Stora. Seminar Speakers: Integrability Properties of the Collective String Field Theory; J. Avan. Correlational Functions of Local Operators in 2D Gravity Coupled to Minimal Matter; Vl.S. Dotsenko. W-Algebras and Langlands-Drinfeld Correspondence; E. Frenkel. Aspects of Quantizing Lorentz Symmetry; A. Schirrmacher. 11 additional articles. Index.

Characteristics of Hypoxic Cells that Enhance their Susceptibility to Chemical Injury.- Prediction and Measurement of Redox Properties of Drugs and Biomolecules.- Metal-Catalyzed Redox Processes in Biological Systems and Drug Activation.- Redox Systems Generated by Electro-chemical Oxidations and Reductions.- The Rôle of DNA Damage in the Bioreductive Action of 2-Nitroimidazoles.- Redox Properties of Radiation Induced Free Radicals.- Reduction of Bleomycin-Fe by Reductases and Active Oxygen Formation.- Redox Activation of Drugs by the Red Blood Cell Membrane.- Induction of Stress Proteins and Drug Resistance by Hypoxia and Applications of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Cryospectrophotometry for Detecting Hypoxia in Tumors.- Mechanisms of Activation of Mitomycin C and AZQ in Aerobic and Hypoxic Mammalian Cells.- Molecular Interactions and Biological Effects of the Products of Reduction of Nitroimidazoles.- Redox Activation of Benzotriazine N-oxides: Mechanisms and Potential as Anticancer Drugs.- Nitroacridines and Nitroquinolines as DNA-affinic Hypoxia-selective Cytotoxins.- Metabolic Effects of Hypoxic Cell Sensitizers.- Does Ro-03-8799 Concentration in Human Tumour Xenografts Predict Radiosensitization? Comparison with SR-2508.- Enzyme-directed Bioreductive Drug Development.- Improved Treatment of Tumours in vivo by Combining the Bioreductive Drug, RSU-1069, Hydralazine and Hyperthermia.- Assessment of Bioreductive Drug Toxicity in vitro and in Experimental Tumours in vivo.- Activity of Bioreductive Agents in Human and Rodent Tumor Cells.- The Control of Tumour Oxygenation in Mice: The Importance of Tumour Site.- Critical Events in the Toxicity of Redox Active Drugs.- The Reductive Activation of Nitroimidazoles; Modification by Oxygen and other Redox-active Molecules in Cellular Systems.- Fluorescent Probes for Hypoxia: Chemical Aspects.- Toxicity of Metal Complexes with Radiosensitizing Properties.- Effects on DNA of Bioreducible Nitroimidazole and Benzotriazine Drugs.- Response of Repair and Reduction Deficient Mutants to Agents Requiring Bioreduction.- Bioreductive Drugs and Radiation: Pharmacokinetics and Clinical Trials of Etanidazole Radiosensitizer.- The Oncogenic Potential of Bioreductive Drugs.- Adduct Formation by 2-Nitroimidazole in Mammalian Cells: Optimization of Markers for Tissue Oxygenation.- Tumour Blood Flow and its Modulation: Implications for Bioreductive Drug Activity in vivo.- Poster Presentations.- Participants.

The metals industry was established in the Ural Mountains over two centuries ago. Seventy years ago, the town of Magnitogorsk was established, with US and Western assistance, to exploit the iron ore there. It became a symbol of USSR industry - and is now a symbol of air pollution. This volume describes the pollution in the region and the steps being taken to combat it.