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This volume presents methods for the analysis of genomic variability in vertebrate neurons and broadens our knowledge in the ways we understand the brain and its neurons. The chapters in this book are divided into 5 parts, and cover the following topics: principles and approaches for discovery of somatic mosaicism in the brain, aneuploidy and ploidy variation, DNA copy number variation, LINE-1 retrotransposition, and genetic and genomic mosaicism in aging and disease. In Neuromethods series style, chapters include the kind of detail and key advice from the specialists needed to get successful results in your laboratory.Cutting-edge and authoritative, Genomic Mosaicism in Neurons and Other Cell Types is a valuable resource for learning about the latest techniques for the analysis of genome and genetic mosaicism in vertebrate neurons.

This volume describes different computational methods encompassing ligand-based approaches (QSAR, pharmcophore), structure-based approaches (homology modeling, docking, molecular dynamics simulation), and combined approaches (virtual screening) with applications in anti-Alzheimer drug design.

This volume presents techniques and recently developments in extracellular recording. The chapters in this book explore topics such as mouse, rat and zebrafish models; extracellular recordings on human cognition; single-unit recordings and multi-electrode arrays; and recordings in perinatal and early developing mice. In Neuromethods series style, chapters include the kind of detail and key advice from the specialists needed to get successful results in your laboratory.Cutting-edge and authoritative, Extracellular Recording Approaches is a valuable resource that provides readers with up-to-date applications and methods to study brain regions involved in sensory, motor, and cognitive functions.

Discovering hidden recurring patterns in observable behavioral processes is an important issue frequently faced by numerous advanced students and researchers across many research areas, including psychology, biology, sports, robotics, media, finance, and medicine. As generally, themany powerful methods included in statistical software packages were not developed for this kind of analysis, discovering such patterns has proven a particularly difficult task, due to a lack of a) adequate formalized models of the kinds of patterns to look for, b) corresponding detection algorithms and c) their implementation in available software. The research described in this book is based on the application of such pattern types, algorithms and software developed from the late seventies to the present in the context of research in collaboration with human and animal behavioral research teams at internationally leading universities in the US and Europe, thus testing the usefulness and validity of the pattern types, algorithms and software in numerous research areas. With the (scale independent statistical hierarchical and fractal-like) T-Pattern at its heart, a set of proposed pattern types, called the T-System, forms the basis for the search algorithms implemented as the software THEME (TM) (vs. 6), which is easily available in free educational and full commercial versions.

Chapters focus on in-vivo recordings, voltage-gated channel recording and analysis, dendritic and axonal recordings, synaptic current recording and analysis, advanced fluorescent techniques, optogenetics and voltage-sensitive dye imaging, and finally channel and neuronal modeling.

This volume is directed at individuals interested in the field of neuroscience who are novices or experts in the use of transmission electron microscopy. The goal of is to provide a comprehensive series of chapters on how this tool can be used to study the brain with a strong emphasis on successful hands¿on application of the electron microscopy technique. Written in the popular Neuromethods series style, chapters include the kind of detail and key advice from the specialists needed to get successful results in your own laboratory.Concise and easy-to-use, Transmission Electron Microscopy Methods for Understanding the Brain aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.

Written for the popular Neuromethods series, chapters include the kind of detail and key implementation advice that ensures successful results in the laboratory.Authoritative and practical, Experimental Neurosurgery in Animal Models aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.

Written for the popular Neuromethods series, chapters include the kind of detail and key implementation advice that ensures successful results in the laboratory. Authoritative and practical, Neurotransmitter Transporters: Investigative Methods aims to ensure successful results in thefurther study of this vital field.

This second edition provides updated and expanded chapters that critically address the issues or rodent stroke modeling, from choosing the model and outcome measures, designing the experiment, conducting and analyzing it, to reporting it in a scientific publication.

There are detailed methods on leading techniques for stem cell genetic engineering and intra-organ transplantation for research and therapeutic purposes, in vivo imaging of donor stem cells, and essential requirements for setting up a new stem cell laboratory.

This volume explores current viewpoints and knowledge gaps in the field of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The chapters in this book cover topics ranging from development of in vitro and animal TBI models, to diagnostic imaging and disease monitoring in patients. Designing pre-clinical and clinical trials is also discussed. In Neuromethods series style, chapters include the kind of detail and key advice from the specialists needed to get successful results in your laboratory.Practical and thorough, Pre-Clinical and Clinical Methods in Brain Trauma Research is a valuable resource for both scientists and clinical researchers interested in learning about important techniques and their applications in the field of TBI.

This volume provides properties, biological function, methods,and approaches for manipulating nAChRs in different organisms. NicotinicAcetylcholine Receptor Technologies guides readers through moleculartechniques and behavioral tests used to investigate nicotinic drugs,chronoamperometry, emerging technologies and methods for the analysis ofnAChRs, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), fluorescence techniques, spectralconfocal, allosteric modulators of a7-nAChRs, and a comprehensive evolutionalrelation for most nAChR subunits, in both vertebrate and invertebrate species.Written for the popular Neuromethods series, chapters include thekind of detail and key implementation advice that ensures successful results inthe laboratory. Authoritative and practical, Nicotinic AcetylcholineReceptor Technologies aims to ensure successful results in thefurther study of this vital field.

This volume describes a broad spectrum of experimental approaches for investigating structure, function, and transport of neuronal mitochondria in health and disease. Most of these approaches were only recently developed and range from electron tomography-based 3D reconstruction of mitochondrial cristae to patch clamp recording from mitochondria in intact neurons. The chapters in this book cover topics such as mitochondrial proteomics, fluorescence lifetime imaging, respirometry and mitophagy, as well as optical approaches based on the use of genetically engineered fluorescent sensors for monitoring synaptic ATP and axonal ROS generation, mitochondrial Ca2+ cycling and pH changes, and mitochondrial dynamics and axonal trafficking in live neurons. Each chapter also discusses difficulties, tips, tricks, and precautions to take. Neuromethods series style chapters include the kind of detail and key advice from the specialists needed to get successful results in your laboratory. Cutting-edge and comprehensive, Techniques to Investigate Mitochondrial Function in Neurons is a valuable and useful resource for a broad range of investigators interested in the function of neuronal mitochondria in health and disease states.

This volume focuses on protein analysis covering a wide spectrum of the utility of mass spectrometry within neurobiological disciplines. The chapters in this book discuss label (iTRAQ, TMT, protein arrays) and label-free workflows (SWATH, MALDI Imaging, and label-free quantitation). Other chapters look at experimental strategies targeted to the identification and quantitation of specific lipids and post-translational modifications, as well as proteomic workflows that focus on characterization of subcellular proteomes. The last few chapters in the book describe various bioinformatics pipelines used to analyze the molecular data derived from high-throughput transcriptomic and proteomic experiments on brain tissue. The Neuromethods series offers chapters with key advice and procedure specifics to empower the readers to successfully achieve their own scientific and experimental goals.Thorough and comprehensive, Current Proteomic Approaches Applied to Brain Function is a valuable resource for graduate students and postdoctoral fellows interested in neuroproteomics, as well as researchers looking for further insight into the growing field of mass spectrometry in neuroscience.

This volume focuses on the optogenetics workflow, and covers topics on viral vectors, targeting strategies, choice on opsins, animal models and readouts, and applications in systems neuroscience.

This volume explores both simple and sophisticated techniques used in the study of different types of lateralization of brain and behavior. Part II covers neurobiological methods used to reveal lateralization, such as lesion studies, electrophysiology and pharmacology, early gene expression, and new optogenetic methods.

This volume explores the latest models and techniques used to study brain tumor biology. Chapters in this book are organized into four sections: in vivo models, ex vivo models, treatments in mice, and clinical imaging.

This volume covers the latest methods used in clinical neurochemistry laboratories for both clinical practice and research. Chapters in this book discuss topics such as techniques for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection, pre-analytical processing, and basic CSF analysis; an examination of biomarkers including ELISA and automated immunochemical assays for amyloid and tau markers for Alzheimer¿s disease; the analysis of neurofilaments by digital ELISA; and an example of successful novel immunoassay development. In the Neuromethods series style, chapters include the kind of detail and key advice from the specialists needed to get successful results in your laboratory. Cutting-edge and thorough, Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers is a valuable resource for clinicians and researchers to use in CSF labs and CSF courses.

This volume covers methodologies, ranging from the molecular level to the network level, used to study receptor-receptor interactions in heteroreceptor complexes inside the central nervous system. The chapters in this book cover topics such as biochemical binding techniques; receptor autoradiography; superfused synaptosome techniques; RTK-GPCR interaction; fluorescence and bioluminiscence energy transfer methods, Co-IP cytometry-based FRET; and novel bioinformatic approaches to understand membrane heteroreceptor complexes and the global panorama of their receptor-receptor interactions. In Neuromethods series style, chapters include the kind of detail and key advice from the specialists needed to get successful results in your laboratory.Cutting-edge and thorough, Receptor-Receptor Interactions in the Central Nervous System is a valuable resource for any scientist or researcher interested in this field of study.

This volume provides in-depth descriptions and discussion of clinical trial designs based on novel data analysis of high-quality trials for 11 different neurological conditions in order to ultimately improve the quality of care in neurology. Some of the conditions discussed in this book are stroke, traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer¿s disease, epilepsy, and tumors of the central nervous system. In Neuromethods series style, chapters include the kind of detail and key advice from the specialists needed to get successful results in your research center and clinical investigation. Thorough and comprehensive, Clinical Trials in Neurology is a valuable guide for individuals in the research, education, and clinical practice fields, specifically in the fields of medicine, physical therapy, occupational therapy, nursing, and public health. This volume is also an important resource for clinicians aiming to improve their understanding in methodology of clinical trials.

This volume highlights various techniques used to study multiple aspects of mGlu receptor function. Chapters in this book cover topics such as modern approaches for the development and screening of allosteric modulators; fluctuations in intracellular calcium induced by mGlu receptor activation; dopamine-glutamate interactions in the central nervous system; methods for assessing mGlu receptor localization; and common techniques for evaluating mGlu modulation in behavior in rodents, including stress and alcohol drinking. In the Neuromethods series style, chapters include the kind of detail and key advice from the specialists needed to get successful results in your laboratory.Cutting-edge and practical, Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Technologies provides researchers with a starting point to address important questions regarding mGlu and its importance. Researchers working in the fields of neuroscience and physiology of multiple peripheral systems will find this volume most useful.

This volume explores the recent advances in the study of translational paths in central inflammation and focuses on ongoing pathophysiological processes and the transition between inflammatory stages and progressive states with neurodegeneration. Chapters cover topics such as pathophysiological hallmarks of neuroinflammation from tissue damage to reorganization; connecting studies of mouse models; and investigations of humans with multiple sclerosis. In the Neuromethods series style, chapters include the kind of detail and key advice from the specialists needed to get successful results in your laboratory. Cutting-edge and practical, Translational Methods for Multiple Sclerosis Research is a valuable resource for researchers who want to learn more about this chronic ad progressive disease, and pave the way for new advancements.

This volume presents a wide array of animal models that are used in the study of the individual and environmental factors involved in the development of addiction, the consequences of chronic drug exposure, and recently developed behavioral and biological procedures for the treatment of addictive disorders. The chapters in this book are organized into three sections that cover the aforementioned aspects in relation to different drugs of abuse and pathological gambling. The first section of the book focuses on the individual variables that affect vulnerability to addiction to nicotine, alcohol, cocaine, psychostimulants, and gambling. Section Two looks at the environmental variables that contribute to the vulnerability to addiction. Section Three explores the consequences of chronic drug consumption and new approaches to the treatment of addiction. In the Neuromethods series style, chapters include the kind of detail and key advice from the specialists needed to get successfulresults in your laboratory.Cutting-edge and comprehensive, Methods for Preclinical Research in Addiction is a valuable resource that helps researchers and scientists understand the neurobiological mechanisms that underlie the influence of individual and environmental variables on the risk for addiction, and assists them in developing new behavioral and pharmacological strategies to prevent and treat addictive disorders.