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The contributions of philosophers and psychologists establish a fruitful dialogue, so that readers realize that disciplinary divisions are overcome through dialogue and the common object of inquiry: the way human beings reflect and act in their everyday experiences.

A: Preface and Achievements of the Workshop.- 1. Preface.- 2. Achievements of the Workshop.- B: Definition of the Problem.- 3. Spatial data handling in the geosciences.- 4. 3-D modelling with geoscientific information systems: The problem.- 5. Geologic data handling.- 6. The role of the conceptual datamodel in software application integration.- C: Existing Three-Dimensional Geoscientific Information Systems.- 7. A spatial information system with advanced modeling capabilities.- 8. The DASDBS geokernal - an extensible database system for GIS.- 9. Three-dimensional solid modeling of geo-objects using non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS).- 10. A mapping approach to three-dimensional modeling.- 11. GOCAD: a computer aided design program for geological applications.- D: Three-Dimensional Data Structures and Display Methods.- 12. Modeling natural objects via octrees.- 13. 3-D structures for the encoding of geometry and internal properties.- 14. Methods for the efficient storage of spatial geologic data.- 15. Key 3D modelling concepts for geoscientific analysis.- 16. Geometry for three-dimensional GIS in geoscientific applications.- 17. GIDBS: a database system for hierarchically represented gray-scale images.- E: Applications of Three-Dimensional Geoscientific Modeling.- 18. Applications of 3-D geoscientific modeling for hydrocarbon exploration.- 19. Two major problems in representing geological well data and seismic data in petroleum-bearing regions via 3-D geographic information systems.- 20. The application of new 3-D computer modelling techniques to mining.- 21. Applications of three-dimensional geoscientific mapping and modeling systems to hydrogeological studies.- F: Transcriptions of Conference Committee Discussions.- 22. Report of discussions by the computer scientists.- 23. Report of discussions by the geoscientists.- 24. Report of discussions by the members of national geological surveys.- 25. Report of discussions by the hydrocarbon interest group.- 26. Report of discussions by the minerals exploration interest group.- 27. Report of discussions by the environmental sciences interest group.- 28. Report of closing discussions.- Glossary of Terms.- Survey of Participants.- List of Participants.

This book offers a synthesis of investigations on the ethics, governance and policies affecting the design, development and deployment of artificial intelligence (AI). Each chapter can be read independently, but the overall structure of the book provides a complementary and detailed understanding of some of the most pressing issues brought about by AI and digital innovation. Given its modular nature, it is a text suitable for readers who wish to gain a reliable orientation about the ethics of AI and for experts who wish to know more about specific areas of the current debate.

This book addresses controversies concerning the epistemological foundations of data science: Is it a genuine science? Readers will discover a defense of inductivism and consideration of the arguments against it: an epistemology of data science more or less by definition has to be inductivist, given that data science starts with the data.

This book explores, in rich and rigorous ways, the possibilities and limitations of ¿thick¿ (concepts of) autonomy in light of contemporary debates in philosophy, ethics, and bioethics.Many standard ethical theories and practices, particularly in domains such as biomedical ethics, incorporate minimal, formal, procedural concepts of personal autonomy and autonomous decisions and actions. Over the last three decades, concerns about the problems and limitations of these ¿thin¿ concepts have led to the formulation of ¿thick¿ concepts that highlight the mental, corporeal, biographical and social conditions of what it means to be a human person and that enrich concepts of autonomy, with direct implications for the ethical requirement to respect autonomy. The chapters in this book offer a wide range of perspectives on both the elements of and the relations (both positive and negative) between ¿thin¿ and ¿thick¿ concepts of autonomy as well as their relative roles and importance in ethics and bioethics.This book offers valuable and illuminating examinations of autonomy and respect for autonomy, relevant for audiences in philosophy, ethics, and bioethics.

This book, combining integratively-revised previously-published papers with entirely new chapters, challenges and treats some major problems in Kant's philosophy not by means of new interpretations but by suggesting some variations on Kantian themes.

This book brings together international experts from a wide variety of disciplines, in order to understand the impact that digital technologies have had on our well-being as well as our understanding of what it means to live a life that is good for us.

It proposes that what is right and wrong depends on what norms people would agree to. Throughout, coverage explores the psychological, sociological, and historical background of the moral theories discussed.

Drawing on the pragmatist tradition of semiotic of Peirce and Morris, this book traces the development of the logical categories of language to the more primitive sign levels of natural events and signals. The concluding chapters discuss the unique features introduced by spoken natural languages.

The goal of the book is to present the latest research on the new challenges of data technologies. It will offer an overview of the social, ethical and legal problems posed by group profiling, big data and predictive analysis and of the different approaches and methods that can be used to address them.

They explore Plato's dialogue, looking at questions of how philosophy and sophistry relate, both on a methodological and on a thematic level.While many of the contributing authors argue for a sharp distinction between sophistry and philosophy, this is contested by others.

This book aims to answer two simple questions: what is it to want and what is it to intend? Because of the breadth of contexts in which the relevant phenomena are implicated and the wealth of views that have attempted to account for them, providing the answers is not quite so simple. Doing so requires an examination not only of the relevant philosophical theories and our everyday practices, but also of the rich empirical material that has been provided by work in social and developmental psychology.The investigation is carried out in two parts, dedicated to wanting and intending respectively. Wanting is analysed as optative attitudinising, a basic form of subjective standard-setting at the core of compound states such as 'longings', 'desires', 'projects' and 'whims'. The analysis is developed in the context of a discussion of Moore-paradoxicality and deepened through the examination of rival theories, which include functionalist and hedonistic conceptions as well as the guise-of-the-good view and the pure entailment approach, two views popular in moral psychology.In the second part of the study, a disjunctive genetic theory of intending is developed, according to which intentions are optative attitudes on which, in one way or another, the mark of deliberation has been conferred. It is this which explains intention's subjection to the requirements of practical rationality. Moreover, unlike wanting, intending turns out to be dependent on normative features of our life form, in particular on practices of holding responsible.The book will be of particular interest to philosophers and psychologists working on motivation, goals, desire, intention, deliberation, decision and practical rationality.

This open access book presents an ethical approach to utilizing personal medical data.

The present volume is a product of an international research program 'Foundations of Science and Ethics', launched in 1976 by the Inter University Centre of Post-Graduate Studies, Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia, with the financial support of the V olkswagen Foundation.

This volume addresses the complex interplay between the conditions of an agent's personal autonomy and the constitution of itself. It includes an instructive confrontation between subjective and intersubjective approaches to personal autonomy.

Having taken a position on this question (1997), - guing that justi cation extends to theoretical hypotheses, I came to wonder about the nature of justi cation generally. Now that I know that just- cation extends to theory, I am taking a step back and asking what justi cation is.

The goal of the book is to present the latest research on the new challenges of data technologies. It will offer an overview of the social, ethical and legal problems posed by group profiling, big data and predictive analysis and of the different approaches and methods that can be used to address them.

And of course Russell's eliminativist answer implies that one cannot even ask, on pain of succumbing to the fallacy of complex question, why any contingent individual exists: if no individual exists, there can be no question why any individual exists.

Having taken a position on this question (1997), - guing that justi cation extends to theoretical hypotheses, I came to wonder about the nature of justi cation generally. Now that I know that just- cation extends to theory, I am taking a step back and asking what justi cation is.

This book offers a new way of doing African philosophy by building on an analysis of the way people talk. The author bases his investigation on the belief that traditional African philosophy is hidden in expressions used in ordinary language. As a result, he argues that people are engaging in a philosophical activity when they use expressions such as taboos, proverbs, idioms, riddles, and metaphors.The analysis investigates proverbs using the ordinary language approach and Speech Act theory. Next, the author looks at taboos using counterfactual logic, which studies the meaning of taboo expressions by departing from a consideration of their structure and use. He argues that the study of these figurative expressions using the counterfactual framework offers a particular understanding of African philosophy and belief systems. The study also investigates issues of meaning and rationality departing from a study on riddles, explores conceptual metaphors used in conceptualizing the notion of politics in modern African political thought, and examines language and marginalization of women and people with disabilities.The book differs from other works in African philosophy in the sense that it does not claim that Africans have a philosophy as is commonly done in most studies. Rather, it reflects and unfolds philosophical elements in ordinary language use. The book also builds African Conception of beauty and truth through the study of language.

This book presents a historical and philosophical analysis of programming systems, intended as large computational systems like, for instance, operating systems, programmed to control processes.

The original essays in this volume discuss ideas relating to democracy, political justice, equality and inequalities in the distribution of resources and public goods.