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This book advances the international debate on the development of e-commerce with focus on emerging ASEAN economies. It provides readers insights on Asia's needs and efforts to improve the regional legal and economic conditions to support e-commerce.

As anti-globalization and geopolitical tensions continue to rise, the use of Local Content Requirements (LCRs) around the world has become more noticeable than ever before.

This book assesses the impacts of COVID-19 on the Indonesian economy, particularly on employment, education, poverty, trade, and macro economy.

The book examines the question of whether and how ASEAN's existing free trade agreements with key partners can be converted to a much larger regional and comprehensive economic partnership.

This book elucidates the economic structures and policies that give rise to current account surpluses and imbalances and consider what policy adjustments could change them.

This book advances the international debate on the development of e-commerce with focus on emerging ASEAN economies. It provides readers insights on Asia's needs and efforts to improve the regional legal and economic conditions to support e-commerce.

The World Bank considers financial inclusion to be an enabler for at least 7 of the 17 United Nation's sustainable development goals (SDGs). Financial inclusion, with its associated policy implications, is an important issue for ASEAN. This book examines the economic effects of financial inclusion. It explores issues surrounding measurement and impact of financial inclusion.The book looks at various, salient topics including measurement of financial inclusion, the impact of (various indicators of) financial inclusion on development outcomes and macroeconomic volatility using aggregate data, as well as the effects of financial inclusion on poverty and development outcomes using micro data.

This book assesses the impacts of COVID-19 on the Indonesian economy, particularly on employment, education, poverty, trade, and macro economy.

The book provides insights into the mechanism and evidence on how effective IPR protection will increase economic and social welfare via promoting innovation activities and providing incentives to diffuse knowledge and transfer technologies.

This book highlights trade-related issues covered by the TPP that concern emerging Asian countries, along with the requirements for these countries to better formulate trade policies and promote regional integration.

The book provides theoretical and empirical evidence on how world trade evolves, how trade affects resource allocation, how trade competition affects productivity, how China's shock affects the world trade, and how trade affects large and small countries.

By examining different methodologies, strategies, and intiatives, this book explores the conceptual, economic and fiscal impacts of the Social Protection Floor initiative of policy influencers, and provides a framework for generating fiscal space to fund social protection programs and initiatives.

By examining different methodologies, strategies, and intiatives, this book explores the conceptual, economic and fiscal impacts of the Social Protection Floor initiative of policy influencers, and provides a framework for generating fiscal space to fund social protection programs and initiatives.

This book highlights trade-related issues covered by the TPP that concern emerging Asian countries, along with the requirements for these countries to better formulate trade policies and promote regional integration.

The recent rise of anti-globalisation calls for a better integration in East Asia. This book provides profound analyses on rules of origins, non-tariff measures, restrictiveness in services and investment, and gives insight into how East Asian countries should shape its trade, investment and industrial policies.

The book provides theoretical and empirical evidence on how world trade evolves, how trade affects resource allocation, how trade competition affects productivity, how China's shock affects the world trade, and how trade affects large and small countries.

Against the backdrop of growing anti-globalisation sentiments, and increasing fragmentation of the production process across countries, this book addresses how the Indonesian economy should respond and how Indonesia should shape its trade and industrial policies in this new world trade environment. The book introduces evaluation not on tariffs but on new trade instruments such as non-tariff measures (SPS, TBT, export measures and beyond border measures) and looking industrial policy from a broader perspective such as investment, accessing inputs, labour, services, research and innovation policies.

This book reviews the modeling techniques used to project pension related old-age expenditure, and examines the quality and policy relevance of the projections, particularly the four most populated Asian countries: China, India, Indonesia and Japan. It also assesses the additional fiscal resources likely to be required by these four countries as they address challenges of rapid ageing. This book fills an important gap in the existing pension literature.

This book elucidates the economic structures and policies that give rise to current account surpluses and imbalances and consider what policy adjustments could change them.

First Published in 2012. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

This book focuses on relatively unexplored areas in pension and health care arrangements, including financing, in East Asia. The book aims to fill the literature gap on social protection in East Asia by covering issues such as pension and health care arrangements in the depopulating high income countries of Japan and Korea; the challenges of the pay-out phase in Defined Contribution (DC) arrangements in Australia, New Zealand, and Singapore; and the extension of coverage of social protection schemes in China, India, and Indonesia. It also reviews social protection from a much wider perspective and extends coverage of social protection in terms of both the proportion of the population with access to the social protection scheme and the types of risks faced by the households and by society as a whole. The book also gives attention to reforms of civil service pensions.

The book examines the question of whether and how ASEAN¿s existing free trade agreements with key partners can be converted to a much larger regional and comprehensive economic partnership.