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Despite the success of general relativity in explaining classical gravitational phenomena, several problems at the interface between gravitation and high energy physics still remain open. The purpose of this thesis is to explore quantum gravity and its phenomenological consequences for dark matter, gravitational waves and inflation.

This book presents timely work on the nature of the physical processes underpinning two of the basic characteristics of the gas structure in the innermost region of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN): ionized outflows and emission line regions.

A new experimental method - the "Stiffnessometer", is developed to measure elementary properties of a superconductor, including the superconducting stiffness and the critical current. the ability to measure large penetration depths (comparable to sample size), as necessary when approaching the critical temperature;

However, when it comes to the exploitation of such correlations in the quantum world, identification of the associated 'resource' is extremely challenging and a matter of debate in the quantum community.This dissertation describes three key results on the identification, detection, and quantification of quantum correlations.

In this book the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) patterns of decadal-to-multidecadal variability observed and simulated by 17 general circulation models (GCMs) are analyzed. Previous work suggests a relationship with patterns of decadal-to-multidecadal variability of SST, such as global warming and the Atlantic and Pacific variability.

This thesis is a contribution at the intersection of a number of active fields in theoretical and experimental condensed matter, particularly those concerned with disordered systems, integrable models, lattice gauge theories, and non-equilibrium quantum dynamics.

This thesis lays the groundwork for producing a new class of ultracold molecule by associating an alkali-metal atom and a closed-shell alkaline-earth-like atom, specifically Cs and Yb.

This thesis describes the design, development, characterisation and clinical translation of three novel devices for optical endoscopic imaging. To assist developers streamline translation of optical imaging devices in future, a roadmap to clinical translation is outlined, and key translational characteristics are defined.

This book reports new findings in the fields of nonlinear optics, quantum optics and optical microscopy.

This thesis deals with topological orders from two different perspectives: from a condensed matter point of view, where topological orders are considered as breakthrough phases of matter;

This book reports on the extraordinary observation of TeV gamma rays from the Crab Pulsar, the most energetic light ever detected from this type of object.

The track finding algorithm exploits novel concepts such as multivariate track quality estimates to form charged trajectory hypotheses combining information from the Belle II central drift chamber with the inner vertex sub-detectors.

This book introduces readers to the development of novel optical biosensors for environmental analysis. As these biosensors offer satisfactory optical response performance, they can be used to transform the recognition behavior of specific targets into optical signals and effectively detect target objects.

This thesis demonstrates a technology that enables pipetting-free high-throughput screening (HTS) on a miniaturized platform, eliminating the need for thousands of one-by-one pipetting and conventional liquid handling systems.

This book addresses several important issues concerning the nanomechanics of graphene, an area that is vital to a fundamental understanding of graphene deformation, and to the design of graphene-related materials.

This book explores the possibility of using micro/nanostructures formed on the doped ice surface as a novel separation platform. The physicochemical properties of FCSs are measured to reveal the nature of the ice/FCS interface, and the zeta potentials of ice are measured by determining EOF rates in a microchannel fabricated in the ice.

Furthermore, it discusses the exponential decay nature of the orientation distribution of the free O-H groups of interfacial water and ascribes the origin of the down pointing free O-H groups to the presence of capillary waves on the surface.

In this book, the author focuses on exploring new organocatalytic transformations under operationally simple and environmentally friendly reaction conditions.

Devised at the beginning of the 20th century by french physicists Charles Fabry and Alfred Perot, the Fabry-Perot optical cavity is perhaps the most deceptively simple setup in optics, and today a key resource in many areas of science and technology.

Impurities, disorder or amorphous systems - ill-condensed matter - are mostly considered inconveniences in the study of materials, which is otherwise heavily based on idealized perfect crystals.

This thesis provides the first comprehensive theoretical overview of the electronic and optical properties of two dimensional (2D) Indium Selenide: atomically thin films of InSe ranging from monolayers to few layers in thickness.

This thesis offers a fascinating journey through various non-perturbative aspects of Conformal Theories, in particular focusing on the Conformal Bootstrap Programme and its extensions to theories with various degrees of symmetry.

This book investigates phase transitions and critical phenomena in disordered systems driven out of equilibrium. First, the author derives a dimensional reduction property that relates the long-distance physics of driven disordered systems to that of lower dimensional pure systems.

Furthermore, this thesis finds a method to study the phase relationship between ULF waves and drift-bounce resonant particles, and proposes that the phase relationship can be used to diagnose the parallel structure of standing wave electric field and energy transfer directions between waves and particles.

Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) describes the interactions between elementary quarks and gluons as they compose the nucleons at the heart of atomic structure. This work provides an introduction to the numerical simulations of lattice QCD and establishes new formalisms relevant to understanding the structure of nucleons and their excited states.