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This book describes the development of an innovative solution for electrified roadway pavements based on engineered cementitious composites, which are exhibiting an extreme tensile strain capacity that is much higher than conventional concrete.

This book focuses on complex shaped micro- and nanostructures for future biomedical and sensing applications that were investigated by both theory and experiments. The first part of the book explores rotation-translation coupling of artificial microswimmers at low Reynolds numbers.

In this thesis, the first measurement of the running of the top quark mass is presented. This thesis also describes a simultaneous measurement of the inclusive top quark-antiquark production cross section and the top quark mass in the simulation.

This book presents a novel continuum finite deformation framework addressing the complex interactions among electrostatics, species transport, and mechanics in solid networks immersed in a fluid phase of solvent and ions.

This thesis presents a simple, yet highly effective surface engineering solution that uses non-covalent binding peptides to control the autophagy-inducing activity of nanomaterials and nanodevices.

The book comprises two key components: (1) the experimental demonstration of the enhancement of a THz magnetic field using a split-ring resonator (SRR) and (2) the control of the direction of magnetization by using the enhanced THz magnetic field to break the symmetry of optically-induced phase transition.

This book reports a series of new phenomena, novel mechanisms, and an innovative engineering design in hydrodynamics and transport phenomena of binary mixtures at supercritical pressures.

This book presents the kinematic earthquake rupture studies from moment tenor to spatial-temporal rupture imaging. For real-time seismic hazard monitoring, the new stable automatic moment tensor (AutoBATS) algorithm is developed and implemented for the real-time MT reports by the Taiwan Earthquake Science Information System (TESIS). In order to understand the rupture behavior of the 2013 Mw 8.3 Okhotsk deep earthquake sequence, the 3D MUltiple SIgnal Classification Back Projection (MUSIC BP) with P and pP phases is applied. The combined P- and pP-wave BP imaging of the mainshock shows two stages of anti-parallel ruptures along two depths separating for about 10~15 km. Unusual super-shear ruptures are observed through the 3D BP images of two Mw 6.7 aftershocks. In last two chapters, the 3D BP imaging reveals similar rupture properties of two shallow catastrophic earthquakes (Mw=6.4) in southwestern Taiwan. Both the 2010 Jiashian and 2016 Meinong earthquakes ruptured westward with similar velocity of ~2.5 km/s along a NE-ward shallow dipping blind fault. The rupture similarities of the doublet suggest two parallel elongate asperities along the causative fault. After several decades of seismic quiescence, the 2010 Jiashian event initiated the rupture at the deeper asperity and triggered the shallower asperity which caused catastrophes six years later.

The energy momentum tensor (EMT) is one of the most fundamental observables in physics. Recently, a novel method to define EMT on the basis of the gradient-flow formalism has been proposed. It turned out that the EMT operator can be constructed even on the lattice with the method, which enables non-perturbative computations. This approach has been successfully applied to the analyses on thermodynamic quantities.This book presents the study on spatial EMT distributions around static charges via the gradient flow in lattice simulations based on SU(3) Yang-Mills theory. Static charges are employed as probes to explore complex quantum systems, and EMT then characterizes the response of vacuum as well as hot medium under the existence of the charges, which significantly provides profound and novel insights into the non-perturbative phenomena, such as the confinement of quarks. In addition, the book treats the study on the EMT distribution around a magnetic vortex in the Abelian-Higgs model, which is compared with the lattice result. These achievements open up various future studies for revealing non-trivial aspects of the strong interaction.The book also includes well-organized reviews on general properties of EMT, lattice gauge theory and the gradient-flow formalism with its application to the definition of EMT. They are useful for students and young researchers as a brief introduction to this field. 

In particular, the work is focused in the integration of the Ti supersaturated Si material into a CMOS Image Sensor route, the technology of choice for imaging nowadays due to its low-cost and high resolution. This fact leaves the door open for further integration of supersaturated materials into CMOS Image Sensors.

This thesis presents experimental research on the interaction between the optical field and the mechanical oscillator in whispering-gallery mode microcavities.

This thesis presents an accurate and advanced numerical methodology to remedy difficulties such as direct numerical simulation of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow in computational fluid dynamics (CFD), grid generation processes in tokamak fusion facilities, and the coupling between the surface tension force and Lorentz force in the metallurgical industry. In addition, on the basis of the numerical platform it establishes, it also investigates selected interesting topics, e.g. single bubble motion under the influence of either vertical or horizontal magnetic fields. Furthermore, it confirms the relation between the bubble's path instability and wake instability, and observes the anisotropic (isotropic) effect of the vertical (horizontal) magnetic field on the vortex structures, which determines the dynamic behavior of the rising bubble. The direct numerical simulation of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows has proven difficult in the field of computational fluid dynamic (CFD) research, because it not only concerns the coupling of the equations governing the electromagnetic field and the fluid motion, but also calls for suitable numerical methods for computing the electromagnetic field. In tokamak fusion facilities, where the MHD effect is significant and the flow domain is complex, the process of grid generation requires considerable time and effort. Moreover, in the metallurgical industry, where multiphase MHD flows are usually encountered, the coupling between the surface tension force and Lorentz force adds to the difficulty of deriving direct numerical simulations.

This book highlights the use of Solidification/Stabilization (S/S) to treat lead-contaminated soils, which are widely present in China. It reveals the evolutionary mechanism of the structural characteristics of Pb contaminated soil during the S/S process. In addition, the book systematically analyzes laws influencing the S/S process and its internal mechanisms, and develops new models for the strength prediction and Pb leaching prediction of S/S monolith. The results can provide essential theoretical guidance and parameter-related support for the design of Pb-contamiated soil S/S remediation and recycling solutions.

This thesis proposes new approaches for modelling contacting interactions and electrostatic interactions between microparticles in the framework of the discrete element method and presents a systematic investigation on the agglomeration, migration and deposition of microparticles in presence of electrostatic and flow fields. It reports an exponential-form scaling for the size distribution of early-stage agglomerates in homogeneous isotropic turbulence and formulate the agglomeration and deagglomeration rates. The evolution of spherical clouds of charged particles that migrate under the action of an external electrostatic field is then investigated. Scaling laws of cloud radius and particle number density are obtained by solving a continuum convection equation. Finally, it investigates the deposition of charged particles on a flat plane and fibers. A dimensionless adhesion parameter is constructed to predict the structure of deposits. The temporal evolution of the deposit structure, particle capture efficiency, and the pressure drop are displayed with varying values of Coulomb repulsion and adhesion magnitudes.