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This book provides the most up-to-date and comprehensive information on the state-of-the-art techniques and aspects involved in environment-friendly pulping technologies. Traditional chemical and semi-chemical pulping processes are not environmentally friendly. Therefore, it has become important to look for alternative approaches to mitigate wastewater emissions in the paper industry, by making more stringent regulations to improve environmental conservation. In response to this problem, new raw materials need to be explored to replace traditional choices and also new pulping processes need to be developed based on less polluting, more easily recovered reagents. This book presents new and emerging deep eutectic solvents for lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment, and discusses the effects of deep eutectic solvents on biomass pretreatment and the production of value-added products. It also introduces biotechnological methods of pulping. Biotechnological processes help to make manufacturing processes cleaner and more efficient by reducing toxic chemical pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Given its scope, this book is of interest to applied chemists, foresters, chemical engineers, wood scientists, along with engineers and researchers involved in the pulp and paper industry as a valuable reference.

This book focuses on bioconversion of lignocellulosic residues into single-cell protein, which offers an alternative to conventional proteins (such as soybean meal, egg protein or meat protein in animal feed) that is not affected by the climate.

This book begins by giving a summary of sonochemistryand explains how a chemical reaction can be induced by the interaction of soundwaves and gas bubbles in liquids. The work outlines how primary and secondaryradicals combined with the physical effects generated during acousticcavitation are active in the ultrasonic synthesis of a variety of functionalmaterials. The brief covers hot topics that include ultrasonic synthesis ofvarious functional materials covering the following broad areas: acoustic cavitationand sonochemistry, synthesis of functional polymers and their applications, synthesisof functional inorganic materials and their applications, improving functionality of food/dairy systems, synthesis of functionalbiomaterials and their applications, synthesis of graphene based catalytic materials.Theory is kept to a minimum. The book is aimed at individuals at universitiesand will also interest those in industry. It is suitable for all levels.

This brief summarizes the role of certain catalysts and associated processes that are involved in the reduction or elimination of hazardous substances from wastewater and the exploitation of renewable raw materials.

This brief gives a summary of the soluble bio-based substances (SBO) field.

This book describes various carbon nanomaterials and their unique properties, and offers a detailed introduction to graphene-carbon nanotube (CNT) hybrids. Further, it discusses the preparation, structures and properties of graphene-CNT hybrids, providing interesting examples of three types of graphene-CNT hybrids with different nanostructures.

This brief explains the principles and fundamentals of carbon dioxide utilization and highlights the transformation to fuels and value-added chemicals such as formic acid and methanol.

The book describes the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomassfor biomass-to-biofuel conversion processes, which is an important step inincreasing ethanol production for biofuels.

This book looks back on thirty-five years of microwave (MW)chemistry and explains how the application of the MW technique became anintegral part of R&D, eventually becoming recognized in industry.

This brief reviews the fundamentals, recent developments, challenges and prospects of Li-S and Li-O2 batteries, including fundamental research and potential applications.

In this brief, a comprehensive review of the UV/visible-TiO2 photocatalytic oxidation process is presented with an insight into the mechanisms involved, the role of titanium dioxide as a catalyst, irradiation sources, types of reactors, and a comparison between various modes of TiO2 application.

In this book the authors go back to basics to describe the structural differences between dyes and pigments, their mechanisms of action, properties and applications.

This topical brief summarizes the various options available for carbon capture and presents the current strategies involved in CO2 reduction. The authors focus on current CO2 capture technologies that facilitate the reduction of greenhouse gas (CO2) emissions and reduce global warming.

Amongst the techniques included are Folch, Bligh and Dyer methods, and the Soxhlet technique as well as intensified green processes (ultrasound, microwave, supercritical fluid extraction, agro-solvent, accelerated solvent extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, instant controlled pressure drop, pulse electric field).

This book investigates the relationship between phytoconstituentsand properties in specific plants, such as Hibiscus rosa sinesis, Cuscutareflexa, Citrullus colocynthis, Nardostachys jatamansi and Ocimumgratissimum, that are used in hair care products including shampoos,conditioners, dyes, and oils.

A comprehensive review of environmental remediation is presented with an emphasis on the role of clay minerals in water purification. Various aspects of clay material modifications and the effects of clay surface chemistry on the removal of hazardous material is also discussed.

This book describes how psychiatric pharmaceuticals, namely antidepressants, anxiolytics, sedatives and hypnotics are among the most prescribed active substances due to the higher occurrence of psychiatric disorders throughout the world.

This brief outlines the most recent advances in the production of polyols and polyurethanes from renewable resources, mainly vegetable oils, lignocellulosic biomass, starch, and protein.

This brief provides a valuable reference for the contribution of essential oils in the green chemistry, mainly in terms of their characteristics corresponding to their compositions, the development of their extraction technologies including both conventional and green process (e.g.

This contribution to SpringerBriefs in Green Chemistry outlines and discusses the four major green chemistry metrics (atom economy, reaction mass efficiency, E factor and process mass intensity), at a level that is comprehensible by upper-level undergraduates.

Summarizes polyethylene glycol (PEG)-promoted CO2 chemistry on the basis of understanding about phase behavior of PEG/CO2 system and reaction mechanism at molecular level. This book focuses on special applications of PEG in CO2 capture and utilization, including PEG-functionalized catalysts for efficient transformation of CO2.

Advances in Ultrasound Technology for Environmental Remediation reviews the fundamentals of ultrasound technology and the state of the art developments in "ultrasound-based free radical generation" in environmental remediation and pollution prevention.

Biofortification, on the other hand, is an agricultural process that increases the uptake and accumulation of mineral nutrients in agricultural products through plant breeding, genetic engineering, or manipulation of agricultural practices.

This book examines five methods used for concentrate management, namely; While these methods are widely practiced in a variety of settings already, there are many limitations that restrict the use of certain disposal options in particular locations.

The enzymatic polymerization of phenolic compounds has been generating interest in several fields such as food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. In this title, these compounds are employed for their antioxidant properties; however, their use is limited by their low solubility and thermal stability.