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This book provides an informal and geodesic introduction to factorization homology, focusing on providing intuition through simple examples. Along the way, the reader is also introduced to modern ideas in homotopy theory and category theory, particularly as it relates to the use of infinity-categories.

Hermite's theorem makes it known that there are three levels of mathematical frames in which a simple addition formula is valid. They are rational, q-analogue, and elliptic-analogue. Based on the addition formula and associated mathematical structures, productive studies have been carried out in the process of q-extension of the rational (classical) formulas in enumerative combinatorics, theory of special functions, representation theory, study of integrable systems, and so on. Originating from the paper by Date, Jimbo, Kuniba, Miwa, and Okado on the exactly solvable statistical mechanics models using the theta function identities (1987), the formulas obtained at the q-level are now extended to the elliptic level in many research fields in mathematics and theoretical physics. In the present monograph, the recent progress of the elliptic extensions in the study of statistical and stochastic models in equilibrium and nonequilibrium statistical mechanics and probability theory is shown. At the elliptic level, many special functions are used, including Jacobi's theta functions, Weierstrass elliptic functions, Jacobi's elliptic functions, and others. This monograph is not intended to be a handbook of mathematical formulas of these elliptic functions, however. Thus, use is made only of the theta function of a complex-valued argument and a real-valued nome, which is a simplified version of the four kinds of Jacobi's theta functions. Then, the seven systems of orthogonal theta functions, written using a polynomial of the argument multiplied by a single theta function, or pairs of such functions, can be defined. They were introduced by Rosengren and Schlosser (2006), in association with the seven irreducible reduced affine root systems. Using Rosengren and Schlosser's theta functions, non-colliding Brownian bridges on a one-dimensional torus and an interval are discussed, along with determinantal point processes on a two-dimensional torus. Their scaling limitsare argued, and the infinite particle systems are derived. Such limit transitions will be regarded as the mathematical realizations of the thermodynamic or hydrodynamic limits that are central subjects of statistical mechanics.

This book explains the mathematical structures of supersymmetric quantum field theory (SQFT) from the viewpoints of functional and infinite-dimensional analysis. The main mathematical objects are infinite-dimensional Dirac operators on the abstract Boson-Fermion Fock space. The target audience consists of graduate students and researchers who are interested in mathematical analysis of quantum fields, including supersymmetric ones, and infinite-dimensional analysis. The major topics are the clarification of general mathematical structures that some models in the SQFT have in common, and the mathematically rigorous analysis of them. The importance and the relevance of the subject are that in physics literature, supersymmetric quantum field models are only formally (heuristically) considered and hence may be ill-defined mathematically. From a mathematical point of view, however, they suggest new aspects related to infinite-dimensional geometry and analysis. Therefore, it is important to show the mathematical existence of such models first and then study them in detail. The book shows that the theory of the abstract Boson-Fermion Fock space serves this purpose. The analysis developed in the book also provides a good example of infinite-dimensional analysis from the functional analysis point of view, including a theory of infinite-dimensional Dirac operators and Laplacians.

The isomonodromic deformation equations such as the Painleve and Garnier systems are an important class of nonlinear differential equations in mathematics and mathematical physics. In choosing the suitable approximation problem, the linear differential equations give the Lax pair for some isomonodromic equations.

This book is an exposition of recent progress on the Donaldson¿Thomas (DT) theory. The DT invariant was introduced by R. Thomas in 1998 as a virtual counting of stable coherent sheaves on Calabi¿Yau 3-folds. Later, it turned out that the DT invariants have many interesting properties and appear in several contexts such as the Gromov¿Witten/Donaldson¿Thomas conjecture on curve-counting theories, wall-crossing in derived categories with respect to Bridgeland stability conditions, BPS state counting in string theory, and others. Recently, a deeper structure of the moduli spaces of coherent sheaves on Calabi¿Yau 3-folds was found through derived algebraic geometry. These moduli spaces admit shifted symplectic structures and the associated d-critical structures, which lead to refined versions of DT invariants such as cohomological DT invariants. The idea of cohomological DT invariants led to a mathematical definition of the Gopakumar¿Vafa invariant, which was firstproposed by Gopakumar¿Vafa in 1998, but its precise mathematical definition has not been available until recently.This book surveys the recent progress on DT invariants and related topics, with a focus on applications to curve-counting theories.

This book focuses on the Symmetric Informationally Complete quantum measurements (SICs) in dimensions 2 and 3, along with one set of SICs in dimension 8.

There are basically two notions of integrability: classical integrability and quantum integrability. Usually, it is not considered systematic to perform such a deformation, and one must study systems case by case and show the integrability of the deformed systems by constructing the associated Lax pair or action-angle variables.

Rich information-theoretic structure in out-of-equilibrium thermodynamics exists in both the classical and quantum regimes, leading to the fruitful interplay among statistical physics, quantum information theory, and mathematical theories such as matrix analysis and asymptotic probability theory.

This book offers a guided tour through the mathematical habitat of noncommutative geometry a la Connes, deliberately unveiling the answers to these questions. After a brief preface flashing the panorama of the spectral approach, a concise primer on spectral triples is given.

The aim of this book is to provide basic knowledge of the inverse problems arising in various areas in mathematics, physics, engineering, and medical science.

This is the first book on elliptic quantum groups, i.e., quantum groups associated to elliptic solutions of the Yang-Baxter equation.

In this book, a statistical mechanical interpretation of AIT is introduced while explaining the basic notions and results of AIT to the reader who has an acquaintance with an elementary theory of computation. A simplification of the setting of AIT is the noiseless source coding in information theory.

This book provides self-contained proofs of the existence of ground states of several interaction models in quantum field theory. We show the existence of the ground state of the Pauli-Fierz mode, the Nelson model, and the spin-boson model, and several kinds of proofs of the existence of ground states are explicitly provided.

Refection Positivity is a central theme at the crossroads of Lie group representations, euclidean and abstract harmonic analysis, constructive quantum field theory, and stochastic processes.This book provides the first presentation of the representation theoretic aspects of Refection Positivity and discusses its connections to those different fields on a level suitable for doctoral students and researchers in related fields.It starts with a general introduction to the ideas and methods involving refection positive Hilbert spaces and the Osterwalder--Schrader transform. It then turns to Reflection Positivity in Lie group representations. Already the case of one-dimensional groups is extremely rich.For the real line it connects naturally with Lax--Phillips scattering theory and for the circle group it provides a new perspective on the Kubo--Martin--Schwinger (KMS) condition for states of operator algebras. For Lie groups Reflection Positivity connects unitary representations of a symmetric Lie group with unitary representations of its Cartan dual Lie group.A typical example is the duality between the Euclidean group E(n) and the Poincare group P(n) of special relativity. It discusses in particular the curved context of the duality between spheres and hyperbolic spaces. Further it presents some new integration techniques for representations of Lie algebras by unbounded operators which are needed for the passage to the dual group. Positive definite functions, kernels and distributions and used throughout as a central tool.

This book is an introduction to quantum Markov chains and explains how this concept is connected to the question of how well a lost quantum mechanical system can be recovered from a correlated subsystem.

This book explains the basic ideas of supergravity, collecting the relevant formulae in one place. Covers vielbein formulation of gravity; supergravities in four dimensions; superalgebras and supermultiplets; supergravities in higher dimensions and more.

In this work the question whether noncommutative geometry allows for supersymmetric theories is addressed.