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The study of solute transport in plants dates back to the beginnings of experimental plant physiology, but has its origins in the much earlier interests of humankind in agriculture.

In the decade since the first edition of this book was published advances have been made in our knowledge of the fresh waters of the world, espe cially in understanding many of the processes involved in their functioning as systems and in countering the problems created by human activities.

Organized under broad ecological headings, this book provides a selection of present knowledge of mammal ecology with examples selected from a wide range of species and from all parts of the world.

Interpretation methods, field work and interpretation of field examples constitute the main part of the book. Thanks are due to A/S Geoteam (Norway), Atlas Copco ABEM AB (Sweden), BEHACO (Sweden) and the Norwegian Geotechnical Institute for allowing me to use field examples and certain data from their investigations.

It is now nine years since the first edition appeared and much has changed in marine science during that time. As in the first edition, PSM has been mainly responsible for the text and HC for the illustrations, although each has responded to advice from the other and also from many colleagues.

Be cause there is no need for an exploration geologist to be an expert in organic chemistry, the amount of chemistry used in the book is rather modest.