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This tutorial provides the background information necessary for the application of modulation transfer function techniques to performance specification, estimation, and characterization of optical and electro-optical systems. It introduces the basic assumptions of linear systems theory.

Lock-in amplifiers are key devices in numerous instruments used in the optical sciences or in optical equipment in the industry. In many experimental configurations, they represent the means to reliably detect and record small signals. The purpose of this text is to provide a step-by-step introduction to this technique.

Covers the basic molecular and cellular mechanisms of action, applications for treating diseases in animal models, and its use in clinical trials and therapeutic practice in patients.

Provides a functional overview of the development of MATLAB code that can be used to enhance and increase one's understanding of optics though the use of visualization tools. The book ties a variety of optical topics to MATLAB programming activities and can act as a supplement to other textbooks or can stand alone.

Presents the electromagnetic properties of both naturally occurring and manmade materials, focusing especially on structured or engineered metamaterials. After a review of Maxwell's equations and material properties, the concepts of resonant meta-atoms and composite media are introduced. The fabrication of metamaterials and the properties of negative-index materials are also explained.

Equips readers with the skills to begin designing, simulating, and fabricating diffractive optics. The design of DOEs using MATLAB is presented with simple equations and step-by-step procedures for simulation. The fundamentals of fabrication techniques are presented with basic instructions for the beginner. Examples of error analysis and error-correction techniques are also discussed.

Deals with the infrared zoom lenses. This title includes 18 refractive and reflective infrared zoom systems, bringing the total number of infrared zoom optical systems to 41 systems. It covers topics that include the importance of principal planes, athermalization by means of computer glass substitution, and global optimization of zoom lenses.

Evolutionary computation is a fast growing area of computer science, partly due to its broad applicability to engineering problems. The methods can be applied to problems as diverse as supply-chain optimization and interactive gaming. This guide is based on SPIE short courses taught by the author.

This Tutorial Text provides a practical guide to image compression using fractal and wavelet techniques. Numerous computer examples are used throughout the text to illustrate applications. Windows software accompanies the book and there is access to C/C++ source code.

This text is intended to help readers understand and construct machine vision systems that perform useful tasks, based on the state of the art. It covers fundamentals drawn from image processing and computer graphics to the methods of applied machine vision techniques.

An examination of the various ways in which prisms and small mirrors are designed and mounted in optical instruments. It provides analytical tools for evaluating different designs, and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of various techniques.

Providing an introduction to imaging spectrometers, this text first reviews the required background information in optics, radiometry, imaging, spectral sensing and focal plane arrays, then goes on to discuss the principles of these subjects and apply them to specific problems.

Presents a basic understanding of fundamental optical principles. This title covers the development of electronic sensors, as well as the advent of mainstream consumer optical products. It includes chapters that emphasize the application of the computer software to generate solutions to related lens design and optimization problems.

Many items we use in our daily lives - the traffic signals, motion sensors, fingerprint readers, cell phone cameras, bar code scanners, and DVD players - rely upon plastic optical systems to perform. This book provides an overview of the design of plastic optical systems and is structured along the lines of a typical development project.

Introduces engineers-in-training to the basic concepts and operation of 3D imaging LADAR systems, including laser range equations; sources of noise in LADAR signals; LADAR waveforms; the effects of wavefront propagation on LADAR beams through optical systems and atmospheric turbulence; algorithms for detecting, ranging, and tracking targets; and comprehensive system simulation.

Demonstrates in a tutorial form how to implement Fourier optical theory and analytic methods on the computer. Its primary objective is to give students of Fourier optics the capability of programming their own basic wave optic beam propagations and imaging simulations. It will also help professional engineers and physicists learning Fourier optics simulation techniques.

Provides an account of the theory of image formation in a confocal fluorescence microscope, as well as a practical guideline to the operation of the instrument, its limitations, and the interpretation of confocal microscopy data. The appendices provide a reference to optical theory, microscopy-related formulas and definitions, and Fourier theory.

Aimed at the reader with a basic background in electrical or optical engineering, this text covers CDMA fundamentals, from the basics of the communication process and digital data transmission, to the concepts of code division multiplexing, direct sequence spreading, diversity techniques, the near-far effect, and the IS-95 CDMA standard form.

Morphological image processing, a standard part of the imaging scientist's toolbox, can be applied to a wide range of industrial applications. Concentrating on applications, this text shows how to analyse the problems and then develop successful algorithms to solve them.

The author has expanded the information found in his practical 1995 tutorial. Achromats are covered in more detail, with an updated discussion of beam expanders. Ball lens, gradient optics, and three mirror configurations have been added to the chapter on Special Optical Surfaces and Components.

An introduction to uncooled thermal imaging arrays, systems and applications. Topics covered include the principal uncooled thermal detection mechanisms; fundamental performance limits and theoretical performance; and applications, technical trends, and systems employing uncooled arrays.