Bøker av Akanksha Singh

Enzymes are proteins that quicken chemical reactions to function as biological catalysts. Enzymes can interact with molecules known as substrates, and they change the substrates into other molecules known as products. Enzyme catalysis is required for nearly all of the metabolic activities in a cell to proceed at speeds quick enough to support life.Enzymes are required by metabolic pathways in order to catalyze specific steps. Enzymology is the study of enzymes, and pseudoenzyme analysis acknowledges that some enzymes have lost their capacity for biological catalysis during evolution.This book focuses on its role in Periodontics.

Un biomarcatore o marcatore biologico è una sostanza che viene oggettivamente misurata e valutata come indicatore di un normale processo biologico, di un processo patogeno o di una risposta farmacologica a un intervento terapeutico. Un marcatore diagnostico ideale dovrebbe indicare la presenza di un processo patologico prima che si verifichi un danno clinico esteso. Nel campo della parodontologia, i criteri clinici tradizionali sono spesso insufficienti per determinare i siti della malattia attiva, per monitorare la risposta alla terapia o per misurare il grado di suscettibilità alla futura progressione della malattia. I biomarcatori contribuiscono alla conoscenza della farmacologia clinica e forniscono una base per la progettazione di studi clinici che valutano in modo rapido e definitivo la sicurezza e l'efficacia. I ricercatori del settore biotecnologico e medico stanno attualmente studiando l'uso dei fluidi orali per la diagnosi di malattie orali e sistemiche e per lo sviluppo di farmaci. Lo sviluppo di un ampio spettro di fattori marcatori sarà un obiettivo primario della ricerca parodontale.

Ein Biomarker oder biologischer Marker ist eine Substanz, die objektiv gemessen und als Indikator für einen normalen biologischen Prozess, einen pathogenen Prozess oder eine pharmakologische Reaktion auf eine therapeutische Maßnahme bewertet wird. Ein idealer diagnostischer Marker sollte das Vorhandensein eines Krankheitsprozesses anzeigen, bevor größere klinische Schäden aufgetreten sind. Im Bereich der Parodontologie sind die herkömmlichen klinischen Kriterien oft unzureichend, um aktive Krankheitsherde zu bestimmen, das Ansprechen auf eine Therapie zu überwachen oder den Grad der Anfälligkeit für ein künftiges Fortschreiten der Krankheit zu messen. Biomarker tragen zum Wissen über die klinische Pharmakologie bei und bilden die Grundlage für die Planung klinischer Studien, mit denen sich Sicherheit und Wirksamkeit rasch und eindeutig bewerten lassen. Forscher im biotechnologischen und medizinischen Bereich untersuchen derzeit die Verwendung von Mundflüssigkeiten für die Diagnose oraler und systemischer Krankheiten und für die Entwicklung von Medikamenten. Die Entwicklung eines breiten Spektrums von Markerfaktoren wird ein Hauptziel der Parodontalforschung sein.

Um biomarcador ou marcador biológico é uma substância que é objetivamente medida e avaliada como um indicador de um processo biológico normal, de um processo patogénico ou de respostas farmacológicas a uma intervenção terapêutica. Um marcador de diagnóstico ideal deve indicar a presença de um processo de doença antes da ocorrência de danos clínicos extensos. No campo da periodontologia, os critérios clínicos tradicionais são muitas vezes insuficientes para determinar os locais de doença ativa, para monitorizar a resposta à terapia ou para medir o grau de suscetibilidade à futura progressão da doença. Os biomarcadores contribuem com conhecimentos sobre a farmacologia clínica e fornecem uma base para a conceção de ensaios clínicos que avaliam de forma expedita e definitiva a segurança e a eficácia. Os investigadores nos domínios da biotecnologia e da medicina estão atualmente a investigar a utilização de fluidos orais para o diagnóstico de doenças orais e sistémicas e para o desenvolvimento de medicamentos. O desenvolvimento de um amplo espetro de factores marcadores será um dos principais objectivos da investigação periodontal.

Many a time it happens that some experiences of life fill the heart with some set of emotions. The heart starts feeling and thinking about it. The writer believes that we are living the same set of experiences but in different characters at different times. This book ' a ruminative heart ' has poems based on these life experiences. The poems have been penned down capturing the eternal emotions known to us like LOVE, UNIVERSE, HOPE, INSPIRATION, DETERMINATION AND MAGIC. This book is bilingual in set up having poems both in English and Hindi. The idea was to create authenticity to feel the beauty of emotions in both languages. The writer wishes to pass on the beauty of the connection of words from one ruminative heart to another through her poems.

A biomarker or biological marker is a substance that is objectively measured and evaluated as an indicator of normal biologic process, pathogenic process or pharmacologic responses to a therapeutic intervention. An ideal diagnostic marker should indicate the presence of a disease process before extensive clinical damage has occurred. In the field of periodontology, traditional clinical criteria are often insufficient for determining sites of active disease, for monitoring the response to therapy or for measuring the degree of susceptibility to future disease progression. Biomarkers contribute knowledge about clinical pharmacology and provide a basis for the designing of clinical trials that expeditiously and definitively evaluate safety and efficacy.Researchers in the biotechnology and medical realm are currently investigating the use of oral fluids for the diagnosis of oral and systemic diseases and for drug development. The development of a wide spectrum of marker factors will be a primary goal of periodontal research.