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The Master Plan presents a comprehensive 10-year strategy and action plan for improving the subregion's transport linkages across the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) member states. It is intended to guide actions and promote synergies among various connectivity frameworks and help achieve sustainable development of the region. A specific framework is presented here for organizing a set of policies, strategies, and projects toward realizing a shared vision of peace, prosperity, and sustainability. With BIMSTEC's unique geographical position as a bridge linking South and Southeast Asia, this document is also relevant to its neighboring regions. BIMSTEC was established as a regional organization in June 1997 to promote free trade within the region, increase cross-border investment and tourism, and promote technical cooperation.

This publication suggests how Pakistan could strengthen solid waste management and in doing so reduce its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. It provides guidance on improving and expanding waste collection and disposal services for municipal, industrial, electronic, and hospital waste. It outlines waste management options and key considerations in setting up a waste management system. The publication also discusses consolidating data on the waste generated, developing a waste management strategy, calculating historical emissions from the waste sector and projections, and establishing an institutional framework.

The Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) region was badly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Associated social and economic costs have placed infectious disease at the top of sovereign and corporate risk registers. Prearranged financing for shock events greatly enhances the cost-efficiency and effectiveness of response, but this was virtually nonexistent for infectious disease risk prior to the COVID-19 outbreak. This study provides a review of infectious disease risk financing schemes to draw lessons and recommend solutions for CAREC member countries to strengthen their disaster risk management strategies and public sector budget resilience.

This publication examines the impact of tariff changes associated with Armenia's membership in the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) and other potential and upcoming tariff changes.It explores the trade and welfare impact of Armenia's convergence to the Common External Tariff of the EEU, and of recent and potential free trade agreements between the EEU and third countries. It looks at how different sectors and products are affected by shifting import and export patterns. The publication also considers how losing eligibility for the European Union's Generalised Scheme of Preferences will affect Armenia's trade.

The national single window (NSW) enables an environment for traders and transport service providers to interact efficiently with cross-border regulatory agencies in international trade. While the NSW concept is simple, its implementation is complex since it involves streamlining of procedures across many players, including cross border regulatory agencies, transport operators, cargo handlers, commercial banks, and the central bank. This guidance note provides information on planning, preparing, and implementing electronic NSW systems for international trade.

This report compares the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) with other free trade agreements and suggests how policy makers can promote its successful implementation.The analysis in this report aims to support policy makers and negotiators in RCEP implementation by identifying areas where further work is needed to make the agreement more attractive to firms and investors. The report shows that despite RCEP's shortcomings it presents valuable opportunities to deepen regional economic integration. Critically important are the agreement's built-in provisions and economic and technical cooperation measures that make it possible to expand its depth and coverage in the future.

In Indonesia, the provincial, city, and regency governments typically rely on the central government for financial support. A shift toward the collection of their own tax revenues would strengthen local governments' autonomy and encourage accountability to their communities. During 2015-2020, the Tax Revenue Administration Modernization and Policy Improvement in Local Governments (TRAMPIL) project, supported by the Asian Development Bank, provided technical assistance to help Indonesia's subnational governments collect more locally sourced tax revenues. This report describes the challenges and achievements of TRAMPIL project activities. It presents TRAMPIL's policy recommendations in the context of Indonesia's economic and legal parameters on regional autonomy.

This publication analyzes the Product-Specific Rules of Origin (PSRO) of the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) and other free trade agreements and proposes policy options.The report compares RCEP with the ASEAN Trade in Goods Agreement and the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership. It looks at the main rules of origin provisions of the three free trade agreements and discusses differences and similarities in how they were drafted. The study compares the stringency and leniency of RCEP PSRO with that of the other agreements and identifies where PSRO among the three are converging. Its findings provide the basis for policy recommendations to leverage RCEP to simplify rules of origin across Asia and the Pacific.

Infrastructure has played a critical role in Asia and the Pacific's rapid economic growth. Roads, bridges, and power networks, among other assets, are part of people's daily lives, and a foundation for their economic opportunity. But increasing disaster risks and climate change is forcing us to rethink how we manage infrastructure. This publication identifies opportunities to deliver resilient infrastructure across developing Asia. It takes a holistic view of practices that affect infrastructure resilience, including risk assessment, investment appraisal, and operation and maintenance across the life cycle of an asset, as well as overarching approaches to achieving system-wide resilience, financing, and governance objectives.