Bøker av Division on Earth and Life Studies

In 2007 a group of chemists, chemical engineers, and others from academia, government, and industry participated in a workshop to explore how bioinspired chemistry can help solve some of the important energy issues the world faces. The workshop featured presentations and discussions on the contemporary energy challenges and how to address them.

Minerals are part of virtually every product we use. Baseline information on minerals is collected at the federal level, but no established methodology has existed to identify potentially critical minerals. This book develops such a methodology and suggests a federal initiative to collect and analyze the data needed to support this type of tool.

The generation of electricity by wind energy has the potential to reduce environmental impacts caused by the use of fossil fuels. This work includes a case study of the mid-Atlantic highlands, a mountainous area that spans parts of West Virginia, Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania.

Protecting and maintaining water distributions systems is crucial to ensuring high quality drinking water. This report evaluates approaches for risk characterization and data, and it identifies a variety of strategies that could be considered to reduce the risks posed by water-quality deteriorating events in distribution systems.

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) collects and manages a wide range of environmental and geospatial data to fulfill its mission requirements. This book offers preliminary principles and guidelines that NOAA and its partners can use to plan specific archiving strategies for the data streams they collect.

Social science research conducted since the late 1970s has contributed to society's ability to adapt to various types of disasters. But more studies should be pursued that compare how the characteristics of different types of events affect societal response. This book includes more than 30 recommendations for the hazards and disaster community.

Explains the role that animals play in biomedical research and the ways in which scientists, governments, and citizens have tried to balance the experimental use of animals with a concern for living creatures. This book is recommended by the National Science Teacher's Association NST.

Identifies different approaches to the development of antimicrobial drugs and vaccines based on a greater understanding of how the human immune system interacts with both good and bad microbes. This report concludes that the development of a single superdrug to fight all infectious agents is unrealistic.

Chemical imaging has a variety of applications for almost every facet of our daily lives, ranging from medical diagnosis and treatment to the study and design of material properties in new products. This book reviews the state of chemical imaging technology, identifies promising future developments and their applications, and more.

Toxicogenomics is a discipline that combines expertise in toxicology, genetics, molecular biology, and environmental health to help understand the response of living organisms to stressful environments. The National Research Council convened a workshop to discuss how toxicogenomic data could be applied to improve risk assessments.

Describes and assesses the varied economic benefits derived from modernizing and expanding seismic monitoring activities in the United States. These benefits include more effective loss avoidance regulations and strategies, improved understanding of earthquake processes, better engineering design, and more.

On October 25-26, 2005, the Chemical Sciences Roundtable held a workshop to explore issues involving those who use and contribute to chemical literature, as well as those who publish and disseminate chemical journals. A summary was written to capture the presentations and discussions that occurred during the workshop.

Communicating Toxicogenomics Information to Nonexperts

Changes in climate are driven by natural and human-induced perturbations of the Earth's energy balance. These climate drivers or "forcings" include variations in greenhouse gases, aerosols, land use, and many other factors. This book reviews the knowledge of climate forcings and recommends critical research needed to improve understanding.

Evaluates the performance of the US CLIVAR Project Office (PO) in fulfilling its charge from supporting agencies. This report concludes that the project office is vital for coordinating US CLIVAR activities and is effective despite limited resources.

The Development of Science-based Guidelines for Laboratory Animal Care

Outlines a national strategy for aquatic restoration, with practical recommendations, and features case studies of aquatic restoration activities around the country. This volume examines the prospects for repairing the damage society has done to the nation's aquatic resources: lakes, rivers and streams, and wetlands.

From warning the public of impending floods to settling legal arguments over water rights, the measurement of streamflow ('streamgaging') plays a vital role in our society. This book sees the ultimate goal of NSIP as developing the ability to use existing data-gathering sites to generate streamflow information.

Addresses the effects of exposure to low dose LET (Linear Energy Transfer) ionizing radiation and human health. This work includes detailed risk estimates for cancer incidence in addition to cancer mortality. It also develops comprehensive risk estimates for cancer and other health effects from exposure to low-level ionizing radiation.

Focuses on the science underlying the Endangered Species Act ESA and offers recommendations for making the act more effective. This book provides an overview of what scientists know about extinction - and what this understanding means to implementation of the ESA.

Explains the role that animals play in biomedical research and the ways in which scientists, governments, and citizens have tried to balance the experimental use of animals with a concern for all living creatures. This work is accompanied by a Teacher's Guide.

Provides information about transgenic processes, previous experience with the introduction of novel crops, principles of risk assessment and management, the science behind regulatory schemes, issues in monitoring transgenic products already on the market, and more.

"Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Climate Research Committee, Board on Mathematical Sciences and Their Applications, Committee on Applied and Theoretical Statistics, Space Studies Board, Committee on Earth Studies, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences, National Research Council."