Bøker av Institute of Medicine

Provides guidelines and principles for exploiting the potential benefits of aggregated health data - without jeopardizing confidentiality. Experts identify characteristics of health database organizations (HDOs). This work explores topics such as how HDOs can maintain the quality of data, and what policies and practices they should adopt.

Provides an exploration of the biological, ethical, and funding questions prompted by the therapeutic potential of undifferentiated human cells. This book also presents an overview of the moral and ethical problems that arise from the use of embryonic stem cells.

Provides a review and examines studies of populations, in addition to Vietnam veterans, environmentally and occupationally exposed to herbicides and dioxin, and discusses problems in study methodology. This book describes research areas of concern and offers recommendations for research on the health effects of exposure among Vietnam veterans.

Presents the links between common childhood vaccines - tetanus, diphtheria, measles, mumps, polio, Haemophilus influenzae b, and hepatitis B - and specific types of disorders or death. This book discusses approaches to evidence and causality and examine the consequences - neurologic and immunologic disorders and death - linked with immunization.

As many as 20 to 25 percent of American adults - or one in every four people - have been victimized by, witnesses of, or perpetrators of family violence in their lifetimes. This book offers recommendations, such as creating education and research centers that would help raise awareness of the problem on various levels.

Clinical trials are used to elucidate the most appropriate preventive, diagnostic, or treatment options for individuals with a given medical condition. This title assesses the methodologies and the appropriate situations for the conduct of clinical trials with small sample sizes.

Considers the impact of creating an accreditation system to raise the performance of local protection mechanisms. This report examines two draft sets of accreditation standards for their content in core areas, and their objectivity and validity as measurement tools. It supports the concept of accreditation as a quality improvement strategy.

Part of a series that provides recommended intakes, such as Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), for use in planning nutritionally adequate diets for individuals based on age and gender. This volume determines Tolerable Upper Intake levels for each nutrient reviewed where adequate scientific data are available in specific population subgroups.

Examines the scientific basis for connecting musculoskeletal disorders with the workplace, considering people, job tasks, and work environments. This work draws conclusions about the likelihood of causal links and the effectiveness of intervention strategies. It offers recommendations for what actions can be considered on the basis of information.

Despite overwhelming evidence of tobacco's harmful effects and pressure from anti-smoking advocates, surveys show that about one-quarter of various adults in the United States are smokers. This book addresses the problems in evaluating whether such products actually do reduce the health risks of tobacco use.

Brain disorders - neurological, psychiatric, and developmental - affect at least 250 million people in the developing world, and this number is expected to rise as life expectancy increases. This work describes the causes and risk factors associated with brain disorders.

Rapid advancements in medical technologies, improvements in pharmaceuticals, and other developments in biomedical research have helped develop cures for many illnesses and improve the lives of those with chronic diseases. This book identifies those promising areas of social science and behavioral research that may address public health needs.

Summarizes what we know about marijuana from evidence-based medicine. This book helps the reader understand what science has to say about medical marijuana but also the logic behind the scientific conclusions. It addresses the science base and the therapeutic effects of marijuana use for medical conditions such as glaucoma and multiple sclerosis.

Examines the basic strategies that finance the national immunization system in health care climate. This book explores the evolution of the system in light of changing US demographics, development of vaccines, and other factors. It is useful for those responsible for maintaining our nation's vaccine vigilance.

Provides important background on the pathology of tuberculosis, its history and status in the US, and the public and private response. This book explains how the US can act with both self-interest and humanitarianism in addressing the worldwide incidence of TB.

Discusses the role of vitamin C, vitamin E, selenium, and the carotenoids in human physiology and health. This book provides reference intakes, such as Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), for use in planning nutritionally adequate diets for different groups based on age and gender, along with a reference intake.

Discusses the role of nutrition therapy in the management of a number of diseases. This book also examines what the elderly receive in the way of nutrition services along the continuum of care settings, and addresses the areas of expertise needed by health professionals to provide appropriate nutrition services and therapy.

Presents recommendations for addressing the various aspects of America's youth crime problem. This book explores desistance - the probability that delinquency or criminal activities decrease with age - and evaluates different approaches to predicting future crime rates.

Describes the cost and magnitude of the injury problem in America and looks at the response by the public and private sectors, including: data and surveillance needs; research priorities; trauma care systems development; infrastructure support, including training for injury professionals; firearm safety; and coordination among federal agencies.

Examines why research remains remote from treatment and makes specific recommendations to community providers, federal and state agencies, and other decisionmakers. This book identifies the obstacles to effective collaboration among the research, treatment, and policy sectors and also evaluates models to address these barriers.

Providing nutrient guidelines, this book presents what is known about how the nutrient functions in the human body, the best method to determine its requirements, which factors may affect how it works, and how the nutrient may be related to chronic disease. It presents information about thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6, folate, and more.

Based on findings from an Institute of Medicine study on marijuana and medicine, this book provides patients with a foundation for making decisions about their own health care. This volume introduces readers to the active compounds in marijuana. It also discusses the prospects for developing other drugs derived from marijuana's active ingredients.

Looks at the quality of care and quality of life in long-term care, including nursing homes, home health agencies, residential care facilities, family members and a variety of others. This book describes the state of long-term care, identifying problem areas and offering recommendations for federal and state policymakers.