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Ambient air quality in the present-day Czech Republic (CR), one of the two successioncountries of Czechoslovakia post-1993, was perceived as a major problem with severehuman health and environmental consequences, particularly between the 1970s and1990s. Since that time, the ambient air quality in the CR has improved substantially, dueto newly introduced stringent legislation and technical countermeasures. Nevertheless,there are still activities which represent significant emission sources, such as localheating and increased vehicle travel through communities. A����er a substantial decreasein emissions in both the CR and its neighbouring countries, the levels of some ambientair pollutants from the 2000s are still not satisfactory. In this respect, aerosol, groundlevelozone, and benzo[a]pyrene remain major problems, as they do elsewhere inEurope. The book provides a valuable update both on time trends and spatial changes inambient air quality, and highlights the recent activities in both monitoring and modellingof principle ambient air pollutants in the CR.