Bøker av Markus Friedrich

The most comprehensive and up-to-date exploration of one of the most important religious orders in the modern worldSince its founding by Ignatius of Loyola in 1540, the Society of Jesus-more commonly known as the Jesuits-has played a critical role in the events of modern history. From the Counter-Reformation to the ascent of Francis I as the first Jesuit pope, The Jesuits presents an intimate look at one of the most important religious orders not only in the Catholic Church, but also the world. Markus Friedrich describes an organization that has deftly walked a tightrope between sacred and secular involvement and experienced difficulties during changing times, all while shaping cultural developments from pastoral care and spirituality to art, education, and science.Examining the Jesuits in the context of social, cultural, and world history, Friedrich sheds light on how the order shaped the culture of the Counter-Reformation and participated in the establishment of European empires, including missionary activity throughout Asia and in many parts of Africa in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. He also explores the place of Jesuits in the New World and addresses the issue of Jesuit slaveholders. The Jesuits often tangled with the Roman Curia and the pope, resulting in their suppression in 1773, but the order returned in 1814 to rise again to a powerful position of influence. Friedrich demonstrates that the Jesuit fathers were not a monolithic group and he considers the distinctive spiritual legacy inherited by Pope Francis.With its global scope and meticulous attention to archival sources and previous scholarship, The Jesuits illustrates the heterogeneous, varied, and contradictory perspectives of this famed religious organization.

"A history of genealogical knowledge-making strategies in the early modern world. In The Maker of Pedigrees, Markus Friedrich explores the complex and fascinating world of central European genealogy practices during the Baroque era. Drawing on archival material from a dozen European institutions, Friedrich reconstructs how knowledge about noble families was created, authenticated, circulated, and published. Jakob Wilhelm Imhoff, a wealthy and well-connected patrician from Nuremberg, built a European community of genealogists by assembling a transnational network of cooperators and informants. Friedrich uses Imhoff as a case study in how knowledge was produced and disseminated during the 17th and 18th centuries. Family lineages were key instruments in defining dynasties, organizing international relations, and structuring social life. Yet in the early modern world, knowledge about genealogy was cumbersome to acquire, difficult to authenticate, and complex to publish. Genealogy's status as a source of power and identity became even more ambivalent as the 17th century wore on, as the field continued to fragment into a plurality of increasingly contradictory formats and approaches. Genealogy became a contested body of knowledge, as a heterogeneous set of actors-including aristocrats, antiquaries, and publishers-competed for authority. Imhoff was closely connected to all of the major genealogical cultures of his time, and he serves as a useful prism through which the complex field of genealogy can be studied in its bewildering richness"--

Traces the history of archives from their emergence in the Late Middle Ages through the Early Modern Period, and vividly shows how archives permeated and fundamentally changed European culture.

Unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Komplexität informationstechnischer Produkte sowie ihrer Entwicklungsprozesse gewinnen besonders die frühen Phasen der Produktentwicklung zunehmend an Bedeutung. In der Phase der Ideengenerierung, Anforderungs- und Lösungsdefinition sind Entscheidungen von hoher Tragweite zu treffen, die alle anschließenden Entwicklungsphasen entscheidend beeinflussen. Wie die Analyse zeigt, fehlt es den an einem Entwicklungsvorhaben Beteiligten häufig an einem gemeinsamen, konsistenten Problemverständnis. Zu diesem Zweck wurde in dieser Arbeit ein funktionsorientiertes Modellierungskonzept zur Unterstützung der Produktentwicklung erarbeitet, das auf einer Metaebene für alle Disziplinen und einem Bindeglied, das für alle Disziplinen verständlich und intuitiv nachvollziehbar ist, basiert. Somit entsteht eine Möglichkeit die Komplexität, Änderungen und deren potenzielle Auswirkungen auf Komponenten und Funktionen darzustellen.