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Quantum computing offers great promise in a wide variety of applications that need computational power beyond the limits of current conventional computers, including machine learning and AI, cryptanalysis, and simulation of quantum physics and chemistry. Fundamentally new programming technologies are required to develop quantum software that can realize the super-power of quantum computing. Foundations of Quantum Programming, Second Edition provides a systematic exposition of the subject of quantum programming. The emphasis is placed on the foundational concepts, methods and techniques that can be widely used for various quantum programming models and languages. It describes how programming methodologies developed for current computers can be extended for quantum computers, along with new programming methodologies that can effectively exploit the unique power of quantum computing. It introduces a chain of quantum programming models from sequential to parallel and distributed programming in the paradigm of superposition-of-data to the paradigm of superposition-of-programs. It also presents a series of logical and mathematical tools for verification and analysis of quantum programs, including invariant generation, termination analysis and abstract interpretation.