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Unit Two covers physical and chemical properties, mixtures, solutions, and compounds, atomic structure and the periodic table, elements and compounds. Includes background and topic-specific material in accord with the following NGSS standards: MS-PS1-1: Develop models to describe the atomic composition of simple molecules and extended structures.MS-PS1-2: Analyze and interpret data on the properties of substances before and after the substances interact to determine if a chemical reaction has occurred.MS-PS1-3: Gather and make sense of information to describe that synthetic materials come from natural resources and impact society.MS-PS1-4: Develop a model that predicts and describes changes in particle motion, temperature, and state of a pure substance when thermal energy is added or removed.MS-PS1-5: Develop and use a model to describe how the total number of atoms does not change in a chemical reaction and thus mass is conserved
This is the teacher's guide for Unit 4. Contains essential background for each section, elaboration on nuances and challenging material, explanations of some simplified models. Includes solutions for all Practice Problems, Extending Ideas, and other formative questions presented in the main text. Also provides equipment lists for each experiment and activity, teacher instructions, expected outcomes of each activity, and additional supplemental material. This text is an essential adjunct to any instructor using the Action Science textbook.
A NEW Space Transportation Paradigm has emerged. Ideas brought forward in this report are presented in clear and understandable ways, although a revolutionary concept is becoming real. The envisioned cooperative and collaborative operations between rockets and space elevators will benefit mankind into the next century. 1- Space Elevators can be accomplished because there is a material for the tether, 2- Space Elevators are Earth Friendly, and 3- Space Elevators ENABLE Interplanetary Missions with:o Fast Transit to Mars (as short as 61 days, with variations out to 400+)o Can release towards Mars EVERY day (no 26 month wait)o Can move massive amounts of cargo (170,000 Metric tonnes/year to GEO and beyond)
This study was designed to take the concept of Space Elevators and answer some questions relative to space debris. The team built upon the 2010 study on the topic and addressed many other issues to include:¿ The probabilities of orbital conjunctions between a space elevator and debris in Low Earth Orbit, Geo Earth Orbit, and Medium Earth Orbit.¿ The growth rate of space debris as it threatens operational space elevator (2010, 2019, 2030)?¿ Mitigation of risk for the space community through design, policies, operations, and lowering the threat. This year's study topic focused upon calculations for potential conjunction probabilities from densities of debris for 2010, 2019, and 2030. ""Space debris mitigation is an engineering problem with definable quantities such as density of debris and lengths/widths of targets. With proper knowledge and good operational procedures, the threat of space debris is not a show-stopper. However, mitigation approaches must be accepted and implemented robustly.""
The subject selected for this 2013 study is the Space Elevator Tether Climber. The objective of the one year study was to survey current concepts and technologies related to tether climbers, identify critical issues, questions, and concerns, assess their impact on the development of space elevators, and project towards the future. The following are a few of the conclusions:¿ The study used the concept of "constant power" as a baseline because of its ability to lower design requirements on the tether climber. ¿ The mass breakout of 6 MT for a climber and 14 MT for customer payloads seems feasible. The estimate is that with a travel time of one week to GEO seven tether climbers can be on a tether simultaneously. ¿ The communication architecture should be integrated into the space elevator infrastructure and nodal layout. ¿ Solar power, as the sole source, appears achievable.¿ The use of laser power as the sole source also seems achievable.
The match-fixing case of the early 1960s robbed England centre-half Peter Swan of the best years of his career. Including rare photographs, this book presents the inside story of one of football's most controversial episodes. It also talks about Peter's life and his career, debunking many of the myths and half-truths that surrounded the affair.
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