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The analysis of the turbulent flow through pipe is important for many engineering Applications like fluid transport piping system, air conditioning devices etc. In this study, fully developed, turbulent channel flows with smooth walls were studied, providing some useful and extended information about these kinds of flows. The Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations were solved along with turbulence models, namely k-¿ Reynolds stress models (RSM), and filtered Navier-Stokes equations along with Large Eddy Simulation (LES) to study the fully-developed turbulent flows in circular pipes with the help of ANSYS FLUENT 14.5 software .This model has been used to predict the different aspects of the fluid flow in a pipe, including the behavior of wall Y plus function at various Reynolds numbers, average shear stress and friction factor.
This Book presents an innovative method for the electrical discharge drilling of micro holes. It makes use of tools insulated on the sidewall by means of a coating. The concept is to promote the process stability of micro EDM deep drilling by preventing secondary sparks. The performance of standard and customized tools is compared and reviewed against the main criteria of shape quality and tool wear. Process capabilities are also defined for a given coating.In micro electrical discharge machining (micro EDM), side-insulation of tool electrode can significantly improve the machining accuracy, especially for high aspect ratio structures. A new side-insulation approach micro single electrodes, in which spin-coating and room room curing are used to coat the micro tool electrodes with a very thin film of polymer, followed by an end-rubbing process to remove the insulation material from the electrode end surfaces.
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