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Learn computer architecture and assembly language by building a working model of an 8086 processor from basic principles of computer architecture. Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) provide flexible digital electronics platforms that can be organized as a CPU, a neural net, or almost any other digital circuit.By working through the examples in this book and experimenting with the "X86 model," the reader will receive a "hands on" introduction to the following:Computer architecture in generalThe X86 family of CPUs in particularAssembly language programmingInput/Output and interrupt programmingThe Verilog Hardware Description LanguageField Programmable Gate ArraysHow is this book different from many other books on X86 architecture:Emphasizes the 8086 machine codes, not just the assembly languageShows how an assembler converts source code to machine language.Provides experience with interrupt programmingDescribes both 8086 instructions and X86-64 instructionsEncourages a hands-on introduction to Verilog and FPGAsDemonstrates applications with strings and packed decimal arithmeticUses assembly language to monitor and control electronic circuitsContains over 150 illustrations to accompany descriptions of digital circuits, Verilog code, and X86 codeIncludes all source code with a free download from GitHub
Learn computer architecture and get practical "hands on" experience using an FPGA while studying at home. A working model of a 32-bit ARM processor is gradually built from basic principles of computer architecture. Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA) provide flexible digital electronics platforms that can be organized as a CPU, a neural net, or almost any other digital circuit. They are the digital equivalent of shape-shifters in science fiction.The FPGA is first introduced graphically through operational models of individual logic gates and structures like buses and decoders. Next, the Verilog coding begins with simple circuit examples and culminates with a CPU that runs ARM machine code. Programs can even be entered in symbolic assembly language which is compiled into 100% ARM machine code by macros, tasks, and functions written in the Verilog language. This CPU imitation can be run at full speed, stepped through with breakpoints, or paused within the fetch, decode, and execute cycle.Over 150 illustrations accompany detailed descriptions for setting up the FPGA and walking through each of the nearly 100 Verilog examples. All source code examples can be downloaded from GitHub and use the Intel® Quartus® Prime software along with a Terasic DE10-Lite FPGA development board. The DE10-Lite is available for purchase for less than $180 at many Internet sites, and the Intel® Quartus® Prime Lite Edition is available as a free download from Intel. Other FPGA boards and other Verilog software can be used, but slight modifications to the examples may be necessary.
Windows® 64-bit Assembly Language Programming Quick Start is a complete tutorial using the free Community Edition of Microsoft® Visual Studio 17 to introduce the novice to the Intel® X86-64 architecture and the Windows X64 Calling Convention.With Microsoft® Visual Studio 17, assembly language programs can be built using either its Integrated Development Environment (IDE) or using its ML64 assembler directly in a traditional command line approach. Both techniques are presented in this book, and each has its own merits for gaining a deeper understanding of computer software and hardware. The assistance provided by Visual Studio's interactive debugger is immense not only for developing real programs but also learning how the CPU instructions work.Programmers learn by example and develop their skills by examining and modifying working programs. Every sample program is complete, but leaves room for enhancements and experimentation encouraged by the questions at the end of each chapter. All are available for download through GitHub.The sample programs, ranging from five to over one hundred lines of code, are extensively documented in both flowcharts and comments. Over seventy illustrations are included to explain programming techniques as well as X86, SSE, and AVX instructions. CPU instructions are introduced as needed to achieve programming goals as the projects in each chapter progress to the next.This is not a book that has been modified or migrates from a 32-bit or 16-bit perspective, but starts right in with 64-bit programming and only refers to past approaches when necessary to explain seemingly unnatural conventions and names.Topics like binary and hexadecimal are introduced through programming examples as well as appearing in appendices.The examples in this book have been "classroom tested" with students having very little, if any, previous programming experience. The information is complete, allowing it to be used as an independent study.Learning computer hardware and software architectures through hands-on assembly language programming experience helps develop well-rounded programmers and computer engineers.
Have you ever wondered why it is that different spiritual beliefs are so similar to each other? Is it just coincidence or is there something more to it, something beyond the ordinary that must account for it? It may be that one belief system simply derives from another one. Originally there was an insight captured by a certain individual, and, then, connected by time and along certain geographical lines it spreads to other peoples. With slight variations, it continues largely as it was originally established. To be sure, this sort of thing happens. Yet, there are those cases where different sages or wise men who have little or nothing to do with each other in terms of time or geography uncannily espouse the same ideas, the same spiritual understandings. They speak with one voice, as it were. In today's times, when the philosophy of materialism is still ruling our souls, the idea that there could be a natural spiritual connection between the soul and the mystery of the beyond probably does not sit well with many. It opens up a whole can of worms-- Is there a metaphysical realm? Are we more than biochemicals? Did we not put to rest that silly notion of the soul a long time ago?For those of you committed to materialism, I ask you to open up your minds and consider the perspective of the three masters I present to you, Lao Tsu, Buddha, and Jesus. Though Lao Tsu and Buddha lived around the same time, they were clearly separated by geography. Jesus was separated from both of them by a good deal of time, and there is no solid evidence that he had any contact with their ideas. Yet, time and time again they formulate the same perspectives, the same teachings for advanced spiritual living. I found myself of necessity picturing an entire realm separate from the rigid world of matter, a realm of pure Spirit through which one can contact the mysterious, mystical Source of all Being. These three masters reached higher than most of us ever will. But does it not stand to reason that we, too, have the capacity to connect to Spirit like these three did? In our own way? To our own degree?This book, Common Hearts, Common Minds will demonstrate to you, example after example, how each man spoke the same truth, and in the process may just give you a new way of life that you will choose to follow.
Sherwood Anderson, remembered chiefly as a writer of short stories about life in the Midwest at the turn of the century, was acknowledged as an innovator of the short story form. This book looks at Anderson's early fiction from contemporary interpretative methodologies, particularly from poststructuralist approaches.
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