Bøker av Stefan Kraner

With the increasing world-energy demand there is a growing necessity for clean and renewable energy. This book offers an introduction to these new types of solar cells and discusses fabrication, different architectures and their device physics on the bases of the author's teaching course on a master degree level. A comparison with conventional solar cells is given and the specialties of organic solar cells emphasized.

In current organic photovoltaic devices, the loss in energy caused by the inevitable charge transfer step leads to a low open circuit voltage, which is one of the main reasons for rather low power conversion efficiencies. A possible approach to increase the voltage is to lower the exciton binding energy, which can be accomplished by materials with a higher dielectric constant. It is shown how to calculate the dielectric constant with ionic and electronic contributions and how to obtain the exciton binding energy by using the density functional theory framework. We obtain a lower limit of the exciton binding energy for different commonly used one dimensional molecules, and an improved dielectric constant for a ladder polymer with polar side-chains. Different arrangements of a donor and an acceptor molecules are discussed in terms of the exciton binding energy of the respective charge transfer state. It is shown that a spatial separation between the donor and acceptor molecule can lower the exciton binding energy by a factor of two.