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In Nabokov and Indeterminacy, Priscilla Meyer shows how Vladimir Nabokov's early novel The Real Life of Sebastian Knight illuminates his later work. Is there life after death? Can we attain any knowledge about the otherworld? Nabokov explores this question through his personal tragedy of having to become an English-language novelist after writing nine novels in Russian. Through connections to English-language writers such as Nathanael Hawthorne, Henry James, William James and many others, Nabokov's ghost story of the half-brothers Sebastian and V. approaches the brink from which the unknowable can be dimly glimpsed. The novel's ambiguous conclusion demands a rereading, which leads to an ever-deepening approach to the unknowable, using methods Nabokov later deploys in Lolita and Pale Fire. The reader can never get back to the same beginning, never attain a conclusion, and instead becomes an adept of Nabokov's quest. Meyer emphasizes that, unlike much postmodern fiction, the contradictions created by Nabokov's multiple paths do not imply that existence is constructed arbitrarily of pre-existing fragments, but rather that these fragments lead to an ever-deepening approach to the unknowable.

Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russians have confronted a major crisis of identity. Soviet ideology rested on a belief in historical progress, but the post-Soviet imagination has obsessed over territory. Indeed, geographical metaphors--whether axes of north vs. south or geopolitical images of center, periphery, and border--have become the signs of a different sense of self and the signposts of a new debate about Russian identity. In Russia on the Edge, Edith W. Clowes argues that refurbished geographical metaphors and imagined geographies provide a useful perspective for examining post-Soviet debates about what it means to be Russian today. Clowes lays out several sides of the debate. She takes as a backdrop the strong criticism of Soviet Moscow and its self-image as uncontested global hub by major contemporary writers, among them Tatyana Tolstaya and Viktor Pelevin. The most vocal, visible, and colorful rightist ideologue, Aleksandr Dugin, the founder of neo-Eurasianism, has articulated positions contested by such writers and thinkers as Mikhail Ryklin, Liudmila Ulitskaia, and Anna Politkovskaia, whose works call for a new civility in a genuinely pluralistic Russia. Dugin's extreme views and their many responses--in fiction, film, philosophy, and documentary journalism--form the body of this book.

The idea of abolishing death was one of the most influential myth-making concepts expressed in Russian literature from 1900 to 1930. In this book Dr. Masing-Delic finds the seeds of this extraordinary concept in the erosion of traditional religion in late-nineteenth-century Russia. Influenced by the new power of scientific inquiry, humankind appropriated various divine attributes one after the other, including omnipotence and omniscience, but eventually even aiming toward the realization of individual, physical immortality, and thus aspiring to equality with God. This aspiration, expressed in the ideas of Vladimir Soloviev, Nikolai Fedorov and in the renewed concepts of Gnosticism, brought such different writers as Maxim Gorky, Alexander Blok, Fedor Sologub, Nikolai Ognev and Nikolai Zabolotsky together in a single space of the myth of the final victory over death.

Economies of Feeling offers new explanations for the fantastical plots of mad or blocked ambition that set the nineteenth-century Russian prose tradition in motion. Jillian Porter compares the conceptual history of social ambition in post-Napoleonic France and post-Decembrist Russia and argues that the dissonance between foreign and domestic understandings of this economic passion shaped the literature of Nicholas I's reign (1825 --1855). Porter shows how, for Pushkin, Gogol, Dostoevsky, and Faddei Bulgarin, ambition became a staging ground for experiments with transnational literary exchange. In its encounters with the celebrated Russian cultural value of hospitality and the age-old vice of miserliness, ambition appears both timely and anachronistic, suspiciously foreign and disturbingly Russian--it challenges readers to question the equivalence of local and imported words, feelings, and forms. Economies of Feeling examines founding texts of nineteenth-century Russian prose alongside nonliterary materials from which they drew energy--from French clinical diagnoses of "ambitious monomania" to the various types of currency that proliferated under Nicholas I. It thus contributes fresh and fascinating insights into Russian characters' impulses to attain rank and to squander, counterfeit, and hoard. Porter's interdisciplinary approach will appeal to scholars of comparative as well as Russian literature.

After Evgeny Zamiatin emigrated from the USSR in 1931, he was systematically airbrushed out of Soviet literary history, despite the central role he had played in the cultural life of Russia's northern capital for nearly twenty years. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, his writings have gradually been rediscovered in Russia, but with his archives scattered between Russia, France, and the USA, the project of reconstructing the story of his life has been a complex task. This book, the first full biography of Zamiatin in any language, draws upon his extensive correspondence and other documents in order to provide an account of his life which explores his intimate preoccupations, as well as uncovering the political and cultural background to many of his works. It reveals a man of strong will and high principles, who negotiated the political dilemmas of his day with great shrewdness.

The diversity of topics under consideration--such as the culture of dance in Eugene Onegin, the seriality of Dostoevsky's novels, the reader's perception of Anna Karenina--are united by an approach defined by a detailed analysis of the texts combined with a study of the sociocultural context in which these great works were created, published, censored and conceptualized.

The book examines the trial of Mendel Beilis, a Jewish manager of a brick factory in Kyiv, who was arrested in 1911 for the ritual murder (popularly known as blood libel) of Andrei Iushchinskii, a Christian teenager. Beilis languished in jail for over two years as government officials conspired to frame him. By the time a jury exonerated Beilis in 1913, his trial had become a cause célèbre around the world. Weinberg has assembled a set of documents taken from the trial transcript, government reports, and newspapers that lays bare the government conspiracy and reveals the likely murderers. The book illuminates the nature of official and popular antisemitism in tsarist Russia on the eve of World War I.

A hundred years is the period long enough to talk about Russian-Israeli literature as a historically consistent, though quite an indeterminate community. Not being a historical study, Roman Katsman's new book subtly outlines one of the magnetic lines of this community--the search for an answer to the main question of modernity--"what is reality?", as well as the search for the real, which makes the core of the Jewish existence. Today, just like a hundred years ago, the success of this search depends on how well Russian-Israeli literature can overcome fears and temptations of the Russian melancholy and the Israeli marginality. Fighting for its existence in unique conditions, it chooses sophisticated forms of transforming its double cultural unbelonging into the paradoxical philosophical realism that can be perfectly comprehended only today, with the benefits of postmodernism appropriated and left behind. At the same time, despite its peculiar nature, Russian-Israeli literature shares the fundamental trend of the world literature, namely its transition to virtual, web-based, augmented reality.

The volume contains essays and reviews written over thirty years, linked loosely by three themes. First is the global resonance of Mikhail Bakhtin as moral philosopher, theorist of dialogue, and cultural totem. How does his worldview complement that of his friendly rivals the formalists (and later semioticians), and which aspects of his value-system have been most cogently criticized? Second is an application of Bakhtinian principles of transposition to successive musicalized Russian classics (among them Pushkin's and Meyerhold's Boris Godunov, Tchaikovsky's and Prokofiev's Eugene Onegin, Prokofiev's War and Peace, Shostakovich's Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk District, Pushkin's and Dargomyzhsky's Rusalka). A final theme is the creative--or capricious--reading of one literary master by another master, much later in time: Tolstoy's reading of Shakespeare, Nabokov's reading of Pushkin's Eugene Onegin, Krzhizhanovsky's reading of Shakespeare and Bernard Shaw. Great writers, like great composers, absorb and transform earlier greatness into a new synthesis, and it is this activity that is commemorated in this volume.

In The Depths of Russia, Yale anthropologist and historian Douglas Rogers tells the history of Russian oil from the perspective of the Perm region of the Urals. From the discovery of world's first socialist oil in 1929 to the oil-fueled social and cultural politics of the 2000s, he shows how Permian oil illuminates the place of oil in the modern world in new ways. Rogers pays particular attention to the nature of oil as a material substance and to its role in the formation and interaction of states and corporations in socialist and capitalist contexts. The book is based on extensive ethnographic fieldwork, interviews, and archival research in the Perm region.

Studies of Eastern European literature have largely confined themselves to a single language, culture, or nationality. In this highly original book, Glaser shows how writers working in Russian, Ukrainian, and Yiddish during much of the nineteenth century and the early part of the twentieth century were in intense conversation with one another. The marketplace was both the literal locale at which members of these different societies and cultures interacted with one another and a rich subject for representation in their art. It is commonplace to note the influence of Gogol on Russian literature, but Glaser shows him to have been a profound influence on Ukrainian and Yiddish literature as well. And she shows how Gogol must be understood not only within the context of his adopted city of St. Petersburg but also that of his native Ukraine. As Ukrainian and Yiddish literatures developed over this period, they were shaped by their geographical and cultural position on the margins of the Russian Empire. As distinctive as these writers may seem from one another, they are further illuminated by an appreciation of their common relationship to Russia. Glaser's book paints a far more complicated portrait than scholars have traditionally allowed of Jewish (particularly Yiddish) literature in the context of Eastern European and Russian culture.

The essays in this book explore the myriad ways in which forests figure in nineteenth century Russian culture. Associated with national identity and religious tradition, with peasant lifeways and generations of rebels, Russia's forests in the nineteenth century also became cause for increasing scientific attention and environmental concern, as landowners, agronomists and public officials came to understand the rapaciousness with which these iconic woodlands were being cut down. Jane Costlow's study explores the intersections of scientific thought and artistic imagination, constructions of identity and articulations of an ecological ethic. Individual chapters treat the work of Turgenev, Mel'nikov-Pechersky, Korolenko and Nesterov, with additional consideration of a rich array of figures, from Dostoevsky, Tolstoy and Repin to the naturalist Dmitrii Kaigorodov and the foresters of the St. Petersburg Forest Academy. Heart-Pine Russia won the 2014 USC Award for Best Book in Literary and Cultural Studies.

The brothers Arkady and Boris Strugatsky have been Russia's most popular science fiction writers since their first publication appeared in 1959. The enormous and consistent popularity of their works over three decades of fluctuating political and literary conditions is all the more interesting when one considers that their primary readership has been the Russian scientific-technical intelligentsia-a sector of society whose values and attitudes were instrumental in transforming the Soviet Union. This lively and original study of the Strugatskys' development as writers and as spokesmen for a generation of Russian scientists is as timely as it is unique. It is also the first English language study of the Strugatskys' previously unpublished novels.

This volume offers a detailed analysis of the literary careers of the three leading representatives of Russian village prose, Viktor Astafiev, Vasily Belov, and Valentin Rasputin. It demonstrates how the "village" writers actively disseminated both the popular and the state-sponsored forms of Soviet antisemitism. Shrayer argues that the leading "village" writers caused the decline of Russian village prose by having inscribed the anti-Semitic narrative into their literary works and public discursive statements.

One fall evening in 1880, Russian painter Ilya Repin welcomed an unexpected visitor to his home: Lev Tolstoy. The renowned realists talked for hours, and Tolstoy turned his critical eye to the sketches in Repin's studio. Tolstoy's criticisms would later prompt Repin to reflect on the question of creative expression and conclude that the path to artistic truth is relative, dependent on the mode and medium of representation. In this original study, Molly Brunson traces many such paths that converged to form the tradition of nineteenth-century Russian realism, a tradition that spanned almost half a century -- from the youthful projects of the Natural School and the critical realism of the age of reform to the mature masterpieces of Tolstoy, Fyodor Dostoevsky, and the paintings of the Wanderers, Repin chief among them. By examining the classics of the tradition, Brunson explores the emergence of multiple realisms from the gaps, disruptions, and doubts that accompany the self-conscious project of representing reality. These manifestations of realism are united not by how they look or what they describe, but by their shared awareness of the fraught yet critical task of representation. By tracing the engagement of literature and painting with aesthetic debates on the sister arts, Brunson argues for a conceptualization of realism that transcends artistic media. Russian Realisms integrates the lesser-known tradition of Russian painting with the familiar masterpieces of Russia's great novelists, highlighting both the common ground in their struggles for artistic realism and their cultural autonomy and legitimacy. This erudite study will appeal to scholars interested in Russian literature and art, comparative literature, art history, and nineteenth-century realist movements.

In the early 1990s, the countries of the former Soviet Bloc faced an urgent need to reform the systems by which they delivered broad, basic social welfare to their citizens. Inherited systems were inefficient and financially unsustainable. Linda J. Cook here explores the politics and policy of social welfare from 1990 to 2004 in the Russian Federation, Poland, Hungary, Belarus, and Kazakhstan. Most of these countries, she shows, tried to institute reforms based on a liberal paradigm of reduced entitlements and subsidies, means-testing, and privatization. But these proposals provoked opposition from pro-welfare interests, and the politics of negotiating change varied substantially from one political arena to another. In Russia, for example, liberalizing reform was blocked for a decade. Only as Vladimir Putin rose to power did the country change its inherited welfare system. Cook finds that the impact of economic pressures on welfare was strongly mediated by domestic political factors, including the level of democratization and balance of pro- and anti-reform political forces. Postcommunist welfare politics throughout Russia and Eastern Europe, she shows, are marked by the large role played by bureaucratic welfare stakeholders who were left over from the communist period and, in weak states, by the development of informal processes in social sectors. In the early 1990s, the countries of the former Soviet Bloc faced an urgent need to reform the systems by which they delivered broad, basic social welfare to their citizens. Inherited systems were inefficient and financially unsustainable. Linda J. Cook here explores the politics and policy of social welfare from 1990 to 2004 in the Russian Federation, Poland, Hungary, Belarus, and Kazakhstan. Most of these countries, she shows, tried to institute reforms based on a liberal paradigm of reduced entitlements and subsidies, means-testing, and privatization. But these proposals provoked opposition from pro-welfare interests, and the politics of negotiating change varied substantially from one political arena to another. In Russia, for example, liberalizing reform was blocked for a decade. Only as Vladimir Putin rose to power did the country change its inherited welfare system. Cook finds that the impact of economic pressures on welfare was strongly mediated by domestic political factors, including the level of democratization and balance of pro- and anti-reform political forces. Postcommunist welfare politics throughout Russia and Eastern Europe, she shows, are marked by the large role played by bureaucratic welfare stakeholders who were left over from the communist period and, in weak states, by the development of informal processes in social sectors.

Thieves-in-law' (vory-v-zakone in Russian) are career criminals belonging to a criminal fraternity that began in the 1930s in the Soviet prison camps. For reasons that the book attempts to explain, thieves-in-law became exceptionally prevalent in the former Soviet republic of Georgia. Here, by the 1990s, they formed a mafia network--criminal associations that attempt to monopolize protection in legal and illegal sectors of the economy. At this time, the mafia was in many ways more powerful than the state. In 2005, however, anti-organized crime policy was transferred from Italy and America to Georgia. Legislation targeting the thieves-in-law directly was successful in causing a steep decline in mafia influence and organized criminal activity. This book asks how and why this occurred. In particular, why did the thieves-in-law not resist the attack on them successfully? Based on extensive fieldwork and utilizing unique access to primary sources of data, such as police files, court cases, archives, and expert interviews, the book provides a case study of varying organized criminal resilience to state attack. It studies the dynamics of changing mafia activities, recruitment practices, and organization as these relate to changes in the socio-economic environment and, in particular, anti-organized crime policy in what is the first sustained, directed anti-mafia policy implemented in a post-Soviet country.

Vladimir Nabokov complained about the number of Dostoevsky's characters "sinning their way to Jesus." In truth, Christ is an elusive figure not only in Dostoevsky's novels, but in Russian literature as a whole. The rise of the historical critical method of biblical criticism in the nineteenth century and the growth of secularism it stimulated made an earnest affirmation of Jesus in literature highly problematic. If they affirmed Jesus too directly, writers paradoxically risked diminishing him, either by deploying faith explanations that no longer persuade in an age of skepticism or by reducing Christ to a mere argument in an ideological dispute. The writers at the heart of this study understood that to reimage Christ for their age, they had to make him known through indirect, even negative ways, lest what they say about him be mistaken for cliché, doctrine, or naïve apologetics. The Christology of Dostoevsky, Leo Tolstoy, Mikhail Bulgakov, and Boris Pasternak is thus apophatic because they deploy negative formulations (saying what God is not) in their writings about Jesus. Professions of atheism in Dostoevsky and Tolstoy's non-divine Jesus are but separate negative paths toward truer discernment of Christ. This first study in English of the image of Christ in Russian literature highlights the importance of apophaticism as a theological practice and a literary method in understanding the Russian Christ. It also emphasizes the importance of skepticism in Russian literary attitudes toward Jesus on the part of writers whose private crucibles of doubt produced some of the most provocative and enduring images of Christ in world literature. This important study will appeal to scholars and students of Orthodox Christianity and Russian literature, as well as educated general readers interested in religion and nineteenth-century Russian novels.

Edythe Haber relies on letters, archival materials, and memoirs by contemporaries to create Teffi's biography, as well as to reveal the inner mechanisms of Russian literary life, both in the country and in emigration, and placing it in the rampant historical context. Readers are presented with a panorama of the brilliant artistic world of the Silver Age and the Paris of Russian emigres.

As cinema industries around the globe adjusted to the introduction of synch-sound technology, the Soviet Union was also shifting culturally, politically, and ideologically from the heterogeneous film industry of the 1920s to the centralized industry of the 1930s, and from the avant-garde to Socialist Realism. In The Voice of Technology: Soviet Cinema's Transition to Sound, 1928-1935, Lilya Kaganovsky explores the history, practice, technology, ideology, aesthetics, and politics of the transition to sound within the context of larger issues in Soviet media history. Industrialization and centralization of the cinema industry greatly altered the way movies in the Soviet Union were made, while the introduction of sound radically altered the way these movies were received. Kaganovsky argues that the coming of sound changed the Soviet cinema industry by making audible, for the first time, the voice of State power, directly addressing the Soviet viewer. By exploring numerous examples of films from this transitional period, Kaganovsky demonstrates the importance of the new technology of sound in producing and imposing the "Soviet Voice."

Moscow under Construction explores the growth of place-based opposition to redevelopment practices in Moscow and consequent changes in city's governance regime. Groups of citizens have struggled to defend homes, neighborhoods, heritage buildings, and historic districts. Although their aims typically have been specific and limited, an important consequence of their activism has been to create a culture of protest. In this way, without intending to, local protestors have been building civil society in the Russian capital. The proliferation of "initiative groups" and "social associations" has not only protected specific places in the city and but also changed the governance regime and planning process.

Writing a Usable Past argues that in the twenty years following the Bolshevik Revolution, writers seeking to understand the role of man in human history looked to literary heroes from past eras. Each in his own way, authors Iurii Tynianov, Vladislav Khodasevich, and Mikhail Bulgakov turned to the genre of biography--novels, literary biographies, plays--in search of a hero for their own time. As biographers, they each then felt the pull of the centenary commemoration of the Russian poet Alexander Pushkin and entered into the competition to claim Pushkin as a symbol of Russian culture. The split in Russian culture between those who remained in Soviet Russia and those who became part of the far-flung diaspora creates a fascinating way to explore the role of biography for this contested era.

This ten-chapter book explores how music and society are, and have been, intertwined and mutually influential. It examines the agents behind these connections: who determines musical cultures in society? Which social groups are represented in particular musical contexts? Which social groups are silenced or less well represented in music's histories, and why?

Anna Nasilowska's A History of Polish Literature is a one-volume guide that immerses readers in the rich tapestry of Polish literature and reveals its enduring impact on European identity from the Middle Ages to the late twentieth century. By exploring key themes, writers, and works and grounding her discussion in crucial biographical context, she weaves together the lives of a carefully curated list of Polish writers to paint a vivid literary portrait, elucidating the epochs that these writers shaped. Offering indispensable insights for readers who may be unfamiliar with the world of Polish literature, it is an excellent jumping-off-point for further study and learning.

"Roger Garaudy was for many years at the centre of the French Communist Party but was eventually expelled for his liberal views. In the Seventies he developed a project to bring Marxism and Christianity together, to include all humanity in a project to set all people free. What emerges from Garaudy's project is a very modern Marxism, with its emphasis on the individual, its ecological politics, and in its insistence on religion as central to human emancipation. Although Garaudy himself became frustrated by the West and converted to Islam in 1982, ending his life discredited in the West, it is certainly possible that Garaudy's project represents a good, perhaps even the best, starting point for Marxism in today's world"--

The book offers a thorough study of the early poetry (1956?1971) of the Ukrainian/American writer Yuriy Tarnawsky, focusing on its evolutionary path from late modernism to postmodernism, which the author conceptualizes as a ?shift of dominants? from humanist (existentialist) questions to an anti-humanist and post-epistemological perspective.

This volume examines the rhetorical development that occurred over the first two terms of Vladimir Putin's tenure as president of Russia. During that time Putin abandoned any effort at integration with the West, turning toward Eurasia and promoting a mythical image of Russia as a singular geopolitical entity spanning one thousand years.

R. Saadia Gaon (882-942) was unquestionably one of the most important if not the most important medieval Jewish thinker. He dealt with biblical exegesis, philosophy, grammar, poetry, prayer, and Halakha, and in many of these fields he is considered an innovator and a trailblazer, paving new paths for his followers. Many of the sages who lived after him cited from his writings. He served as head of the Academy of Sura, Babylon, but the impact of his works was felt in all generations who lived and followed. This study seeks to describe and analyze R. Saadia Gaon's life, his public enterprise, his works, and his influence on the generations after him.

In Collected Studies (Volume 4): Jews in the Medical Profession, Joseph Shatzmiller, the prominent scholar of Provence Jewry, presents a fascinating glimpse into the world of Jewish doctors and medicine in medieval Western Europe. Drawing on a wealth of archival sources and intellectual history, Shatzmiller delves into the lives and experiences of Jewish physicians who played a crucial role in the medical profession during the Middle Ages. From their scientific collaborations with Christian colleagues to their role as leaders within the Jewish community, this book provides a rich portrait of the complex and dynamic world of medieval medicine. The book covers topics such as the Jewish students in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Montpellier, Jewish women in medicine, doctors' salaries, pharmacology, and medical books. With its insightful analysis and meticulous research, Jews in the Medical Profession is a valuable contribution to the history of medicine and Jewish studies."The collection of studies that these four volumes offer is the result of more than sixty years of commitment to scholarship. Like many colleagues, I relied in the beginning on printed material in books that dealt with law, religion, and secular literature. Then, as a disciple of George Duby, I discovered the world of archives and hand-written Latin manuscripts. The present collection relies, to a great extent, on previously unknown information discovered during years of search in the archives of Southern France, mostly on those of the county of Provence. They are situated in the cities of Marseille and Aix-en-Provence as well as the town of Digne. The legal registers of the High Middle Ages (1250-1350) as well as those produced by the counties' administration introduce us to the ordinary people of the region, to their daily life and to their preoccupations; their names are spelled out, the dates are recorded and the localities in which they were active are designated. At times these documents encourage us to endorse information found in contemporary literary sources and to overcome our hesitation and excessive caution concerning their value as historical evidence."- Joseph Shatzmiller