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This monograph explores the causes of the West's economic growth over the last 2,000 years and contrasts it with the economic history of the rest of the world.

This study analyzes the effects of a variety of forms of tax credits, especially for workers whose incomes place them above the poverty line but below the median family income.

The author argues that a tax on imports commensurately creates a tax on exports, and that trade imbalances reflect capital flows between countries.

Little will be done in the near future to reduce greenhouse gas emissions - providing an opportunity to develop programmes for research, subsidization, and regulation. This text focuses on specific issues, such as global climate change, and the institutional arrangements required to deal with them.

The combination of genetic research and information technology often raises some chilling questions of privacy and genetic discrimination. This text explores the issues of genetic privacy, the regulation of genetic testing and genetic discrimination.

This book concludes that AmericaOs drug policy should be reoriented in several ways to be more effective.

In this volume, President Ford and an eminent group of political science scholars and practitioners present their views on the issues associated with nominating and electing our president.

The decline of language skills, the simplification of college textbooks, a diminished newspaper readership, the omnipresence of television-what effects will these have on our democratic way of life?

The authors examine the intergenerational transfers that can be expected from a shift to community rating under a mandatory health insurance purchase requirement.

How do technological changes spread through our basic industries?

Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have aggressively used their government support to achieve extraordinarily high profitability and domination of the residential mortgage market.

CONTENTSIntroductionGeographic RuminationsThe Chinese Military and the Peripheral States in the 21st Century: A Security Tour d'HorizonPLA Capabilities in the 21st Century: How Does China Assess Its Future Security Needs?Advanced Military Technology and the PLA: Priorities and Capabilities for the 21st CenturyU.S.-Chinese Military Relations in the 21st CenturyTaiwan's Military in the 21st Century: Redefinition and ReorganizationTaiwan's Military: A View from AfarConcluding Comment: The Political Angle-- New Phenomena in Party-Army RelationsAbout the AuthorsIndex

As the Bush-era tax cuts are set to expire in 2010, ambitious health care legislation is moving through Congress, and entitlement programs are growing at unsustainable rates, U.S. policymakers face important questions about the optimal size and scope of federal spending. The federal government finances its spending through labor taxes, including taxes on income, payroll, and consumption-taxes that generate significant disincentives for employment. In Taxes, Transfers, and Labor Supply: An International Perspective, Richard Rogerson contends that the unintended consequences of increased labor taxes would be too large for policymakers to ignore. Rogerson compares fifty years of time series data from the United States and fourteen other OECD countries. He finds that a 10 percentage point increase in the tax rate on labor leads to a 10 to 15 percent decrease in hours of work. Even a 5 percent decrease in hours worked would mean a decline in labor market productivity equating to a serious recession. But, whereas recessions are temporary, changes in government spending patterns have permanent repercussions. Although government spending provides citizens with many important benefits, these benefits must be weighed against the disincentivizing effects of increased labor taxes. Policymakers who fail to account for this decrease in labor productivity risk expanding government programs beyond the economy's ability to support them.

'I lift my lamp beside the golden door!'_the last line of Emma Lazarus's famous poem invites immigrants to enter a land of economic opportunity. Many have accepted that invitation; today, foreign-born workers make up nearly 16 percent of the U.S. workforce and account for almost half of workforce growth over the last decade. Rather than capitalizing on these gains, however, recent immigration reforms have resulted in an inefficient, patchwork system that shortchanges high-skilled immigrants and poorly serves the American public. Beside the Golden Door: U.S. Immigration Reform in a New Era of Globalization proposes a radical overhaul of current immigration policy designed to strengthen economic competitiveness and long-run growth. Pia M. Orrenius and Madeline Zavodny outline a plan that favors employment-based immigration over family reunification, making work-based visas the rule, not the exception. They argue that immigration policy should favor high-skilled workers while retaining avenues for low-skilled immigration; family reunification should be limited to spouses and minor children; provisional visas should be the norm; and quotas that lead to queuing must be eliminated. A selective immigration policy focused on high-skilled, high-demand workers will allow the United States to compete in an increasingly global economy while protecting the interests of American citizens and benefiting taxpayers. Orrenius and Zavodny conclude that 'while not all potential immigrants who knock at the golden door should be admitted, the door should swing wide open to welcome those who desire nothing more than the opportunity to work for the American dream.'

As debates over climate change rage in Washington and American consumers become ever more conscientious about 'going green, ' evangelical Christians are increasingly concerned about the proper relationship between faith and environmentalism. The notion of human 'stewardship' over God's creation could be a groundbreaking opportunity for cooperation between evangelicals, the scientific community, and environmental activists. However, a deep understanding of environmental issues from a distinctively Christian perspective will inevitably complicate partnerships with those who approach the subject from conventional secular viewpoints. Although there is some common ground, there remain important differences between Christian and secular perspectives on the environment. Are human beings merely one 'part' of the undifferentiated whole of nature? Or, worse, are humans a blight and a drain on God's perfect creation? Do we really 'own' the land we live on and the plants and animals that provide our sustenance? The answers to these questions begin to form a Christian approach to solving ecological problems. In Mere Environmentalism: A Biblical Perspective on Humans and the Natural World, Steven F. Hayward provides a thorough examination of the philosophical presuppositions underlying today's environmentalist movement and the history of policies intended to alleviate environmental challenges such as overpopulation and global warming. Relying on Scripture to understand God's created order, Hayward offers an insightful reflection on the relationship between humans and the natural world

In this volume, a group of the foremost U.S. military officials and national security experts analyze the American experience in Iraq and Afghanistan thus far in order to map a way forward_not only for the military, but for diplomats, elected officials, and the American public.

Public Insurance and Private Markets offers market-based guidelines for the proper scope of government intervention and the design of public insurance programs-guidelines that will benefit the U.S. economy and protect the resources of future generations.