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The goal of this study is the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions which occur during the production of Ecuadorian Flowers. Emissions are considered beginning with the production of raw materials up to the point where the flowers are sold to the final wholesale. This book describes the current status of international standardisation with their relevance to the calculation. Currently there are no official regulations for CO2 calculations. Because most of the flowers are sold to Europe the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) regulations ISO 14040 ff have been applied for the methodology and the creation of the system model. The importance of this standard has been pointed out as it will be the basis for upcoming European CO2 regulations. Nowadays a widely accepted method is the greenhouse gas protocol which has been used partly for the calculations because only few sectors (e.g. transportation) are covered. Further on the model of flower production is introduced. The model includes all processes and the system boundaries. Significant factors contributing to the greenhouse gas emissions are defined as airfreight of flower to the final market, consumption of electricity and usage of fertilizers on the farm. The process of collecting data is another subject of this study, including the last audit data from the Flower Label Program (FLP) as well as independently created inquiries and visits on the pilot farms. The calculation of CO2 emissions is comprised. The sources of the emissions factors are described in the beginning, which are mostly extracted from LCA software. Furthermore this book proposes the next steps on the way to CO2 neutral flowers. Firstly the calculation has to be certified by an independent organisation. Subsequently a decision on CO2 compensation has to be taken. The purchase of CO2 certificates from official or voluntary stock exchanges was recommended because self managed CO2 projects need start-up time. The last step is the marketing of the new product, which should be realized with a CO2 label widely accepted in the distribution markets. Parallel the farms should start to optimize their farms according to CO2 emissions. Since global warming potential is only one measurement of interference with nature other criteria should be investigated as: How is the quality of ground water? To what extend occurs acidification in the cultivated areas? An integrated LCA analysis would give answers to these questions.

This book on the topic of "e;Dynamic capabilities at International Business Machines (IBM)"e; starts with an introduction of the company IBM. In the second part the theoretical basis for dynamic capabilities is described. The third part explains the practical execution of the dynamic capabilities within IBM. Finally, this book draws a conclusion and gives a recommendation for future research.

This Case Study defines the global pharmaceutical industry and its boundaries"e;, analyses the profitability/attractiveness of the global pharmaceutical industry by using M.E.Porters' Five-Forces-Model and answers the questions what overall industry trends can be identified and how the profitability/attractiveness of the industry will change in the future. Furthermore, it explains and evaluates Pfizer's new strategy and examines what Pfizer did in the recent years to maintain their profitability.

Solid state physics is a fascinating sub-genre of condensed matter physics - though some graduate students consider it a very boring and tedious subject area in Physics and others even call it a "e;squalid state"e;. Topics covered in this book are built on standard solid state physics references available in most online libraries or in other books on solid state physics. The complexity of high speed semiconductor physics and related devices arose from condensed solid state matter. The content covered in this book gives a deep coverage on some topics or sections that may be covered only superficially in other literature. Therefore, these topics are likely to differ a great deal from what is deemed important elsewhere in other books or available literature. There are many extremely good books on solid-state physics and condensed matter physics but very few of these books are restricted to high speed semiconductor physic though. Chapter one covers the general semiconductor qualities that make high speed semiconductor devices effect and includes the theory of crystals, diffusion and ist mechanisms, while chapter two covers solid state materials, material processing for high speed semiconductor devices and an introduction to quantum theory for materials in relation to density of states of the radiation for a black body and ist radiation properties. Chapter three discuss high speed semiconductor energy band theory, energy bands in general solid semiconductor materials, the Debye model, the Einstein model the Debye model and semiconductor transport carriers in 3D semiconductors while chapter four discuss effect of external force on current flow based on the concept of holes valence band, and lattice scattering in high speed devices. Chapter five briefly describes solid state thermoelectric fundamentals, thermoelectric material and thermoelectric theory of solids in lattice and phonons while chapter six scattering in high field effect in semiconductors in inter-valley electron scattering and the associated Fermi Dirac statistics and Maxwell-Boltzmann approximation on their carrier concentration variation with energy in extrinsic doping chapter seven covers p-n junction diodes, varactor diode, pin diode Schottky diode and their transient response of diode in multi-valley semiconductors. Chapter eight discusses high speed metal semiconductor field effect transistors.

The monograph "e;The category of definiteness in the language pair German and Macedonian"e; focuses on the contrastive analysis of German and Macedonian language and would be relevant for both German foreign language students (DaF-students), learners of modern German language, teachers, translators of Macedonian and German and multiplicators of German language in the Republic of Macedonia. It presents possibilities about the principles of acquiring German as a foreign language, then gives explanations about the language behavior of the students of German language, as well as the opportunity to explore different translation options, thus developing their sensitivity to language issues. The aim of this research is to help foreign language students of German in Macedonia to get acquainted with the main terminology and basic terms in this field of research and to become independent readers, learners and explorers in this field. It also provides ideas for small-scale research and gives an introduction to students about the techniques and different instruments how to conduct a research project on contrasting German and Macedonian. We analyzed the term of definiteness in German and Macedonian and came to conclusion that according to the results from our analysis, almost all the participants used the articles in a native-like manner in most cases, particularly those with high German proficiency, but also we should mention that inappropriate selection and choice for articles are being made. This monograph was designed to raise foreign language students' awareness of the differences and similarities in the language pair German-Macedonian in the field of definiteness. Ist objective is also to train teachers and foreign language students how to apply contrastive analysis in their teaching and learning German as a foreign language (DaF-Deutsch als Fremdsprache), and to train teacher training students and translator students how to apply contrastive analysis in their future teaching and translation work.