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Hinge epistemology is a rising trend in epistemology. Drawing on some of Wittgenstein's ideas in On Certainty, it claims that knowledge always takes place within a system of assumptions, or "e;hinges"e;, that are taken for granted and are not subject to verification and control.This volume brings together thirteen papers on hinge epistemology written by Annalisa Coliva, the coiner of the term and one of the leading figures in this trend, and published after her influential monographs Moore and Wittgenstein. Scepticism, Certainty and Common Sense (2010), Extended Rationality. A Hinge Epistemology (2015). By mixing together Wittgenstein scholarship and systematic philosophy, they illuminate the significance of hinge epistemology for current debates on scepticism, relativism, realism and anti-realism, as well as alethic pluralism, and envision its possible extension to the epistemology of logic.Along the way, other varieties of hinge epistemology, such as Moyal-Sharrock's, Pritchard's, Williams' and Wright's are considered, both with respect to Wittgenstein scholarship and in their own right.

Undisciplined is concerned with questions of the transformative effects of crisis in architecture as a discipline. Framing the discussion with narratives that immerse the reader in spaces overshadowed by conflict, Undisciplined posits an unorthodox form of architectural production engaged with the contingent elaboration of new and increasingly necessary spatial narratives.

The essays in Logos and Life, the earliest written in 2001 but mainly dating from 2014 and later, cover topics in philosophy of mind, philosophy of action, ethics and philosophy of language. There are discussions of the voluntary and the involuntary; reasons for action; the idea of an 'inner state'; pleasure; the nature of ethics; justice; necessity and possibility; and a number of other topics. Numerous strands connect these four areas, which Roger Teichmann highlights: in this sense the collection exhibits thematic unity as well as diversity.Several of the essays take as their starting points the ideas and philosophical methods of Wittgenstein and of Elizabeth Anscombe, and so will be of interest to anyone studying those philosophers. Anscombe was a friend and pupil of Wittgenstein, and Teichmann was fortunate enough to be a friend and pupil of Anscombe. He is now a leading authority on her philosophy.A newly written Introduction serves to indicate the main themes and arguments of the book, and provide an overall statement of Teichmann's philosophy.

The Unspoken Morality of Childhood: Family, Friendship, Self-Esteem and the Wisdom of the Everyday reflects the thoughts of a senior ethicist and discusses complex ethical concepts such as identity, agency, self-esteem, forgiveness, relations with our parents, dealing with loss, the moral imagination, and a wide range of other issues that people confront every day.

Jews had lived with us for a thousand years. Then they were killed. Why? Had the Shoah always been brewing in these lands, or could it only happen under the conditions of late capitalism rather than in the atmosphere of primitive pogroms, the violent expulsion of Jews from their Anatevkas? An important point of reference for the author's reflections are the postulates of the representatives of the Frankfurt School - in particular of Max Horkheimer and Theodor W. Adorno's Dialectic of Enlightenment - who were the first to draw attention to the potentially criminal character of instrumental reason, disavowing at the same time the tradition of the siecle des Lumieres, the approach which the author is inclined towards. Yet they looked for the causes of the Shoah not where these could be found, either in the "e;authoritarian personality"e; or in the difficulties of living, in the so-called "e;social question."e; However, in order to understand what happened to the Jews in Central and Eastern Europe in the 1940s, one must resort to a language completely different from psychological, social, economic, or police discourse. We must resort to the forgotten language - or better said, the language that is being forgotten - of theology, especially political theology. It is there, the author claims, that one can find the right interpretative tools. It does not belong to the realm of superstition but is our last chance to understand what happened to the world yesterday and what is happening to it today. "e;It was the devil!"e; writes Alain Besancon, a witness of those times, "e;He was the one who communicated his inhuman personality to his subjects."e; We do not know this for sure - maybe yes, maybe no. We do know, however, that it is good that a theological category - the concept of the devil, Antichrist - is returning to the philosophical and, more broadly, social and political discourse. The devil, Antichrist is not just a metaphor or a creature with a limp in the left leg and charred wings; it is rather the atmosphere we live in, manifesting itself in turning traditional values inside out, in replacing respect with tolerance, charity with dubious philanthropy, love with sex, family with any social organization, religion with science, freedom with safety and so on. Examples abound.The author proposes to renew the sense of such theological concepts as eternity, salvation, the idea of chosenness, apocalypse, radical hope, and others, only to better understand the condition of today's world and its increasingly aggressive attitude towards people of strong faith, which may fill us with anxiety and make us think of the recurrence of the Shoah.There are no more Jews in Poland. They had been murdered by the German Nazis, and those who survived were expelled by the Polish communists after the war. We live in a world "e;after Jews."e; Now we must tell ourselves what it means to us. It is important for them and for us. Important for the world.

This book explores the works of Aphra Behn (1640-1689) synchronically through word counts and statistical measures. It analyzes, by genre, poetry, drama, and prose, examining the quantification of Behn's literary style. The conclusion applies thematic questions to the full corpus for an innovative and comprehensive assessment of Behn's writing.

Peruvian Foreign Policy in the Modern Era is a chronological treatment of Peruvian foreign policy from 1990 to the present. It focuses on the impact of domestic politics, economic interests, security concerns, and alliance diplomacy on contemporary Peruvian foreign policy.

Spanning a decade of Michael Marder's contributions as a public intellectual, Upheavals documents a period of exceptional global turmoil in intellectual, cultural, technological and political spheres.

This book scrutinizes the poetries of Aboriginal poets Oodgeroo Noonuccal (formerly Kath Walker; 1920-1993) and Lionel Fogarty (1958-), and African American poets Amiri Baraka (formerly LeRoi Jones; 1934-2004), and Sonia Sanchez (1934-) and aims to show how these poets collaborated with other civil rights activists in voicing the demands of their people, and how they used their poetry to reflect the realities they experienced and to imagine new possibilities.

The Lure of Economic Nationalism addresses the continued appeal of economic nationalism, placing it in both historical and contemporary contexts. It also considers its alternative, a rules-based, multilateral trading system.The book argues that going beyond zero-sum outcomes is better suited to address current problems, including rising tides of ethnonationalism and even pandemics.

The book's importance rests firmly on two strong contributions: Its content and its approach. Its content - delivered in the Judge's own words - provides audiences with a unique view of many seminal moments in American twentieth-century legal history, including the Supreme Court under Earl Warren, the Watergate controversy, the growth of the Big Law firms, First Amendment litigation, and the Cameras in the Courtroom movement. It closely details the significant changes in law firm culture and the legal profession since the 1960s. It uniquely provides a rare behind-the-scenes account of the Senate Confirmation process for a Federal judicial nominee, at the process of judging on the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, what life is like for a Federal judge, and how the court manages its docket. Taken individually, each of one of these insights is worthy of attention - but together in the same book, it is a one-of-a-kind volume.Employing an innovative approach, the book sits at the crest of a brand new wave of US legal research, which focuses on the role of lower federal courts in shaping the "e;life"e; of US law. Biographies of Supreme Court Justices abound and regularly find large audiences for obvious and very good reasons. The personalities and decisions reached by that great institution have a clear impact on the functioning and structure of the United States. However, at the turn of the twenty-first century, legal historians have begun to turn away from the Supreme Court as the exclusive focus of their attention. The latest trends in legal history point to rapidly growing interest in lower court histories, their judges, and the process by which they adjudicate individual cases. While various biographies of lower court judges exist, few meet the breadth and importance of Dyk's experiences, and none is delivered in the judge's own words.

This study presents the findings from an investigation of the lived experiences of international students from sub-Saharan Africa in the United Kingdom. It demonstrates their reactions to immigration rules, the restrictive approaches to employment status, and how their legal consciousness is impacted by their precarious employment position.

After years of relative indifference, space exploration has caught the public's imagination once again. However, this enthusiasm may well hide a disturbing question: what if humankind is in fact bored with life on Earth? The end of the world has indeed arrived, but in an unexpected way. It can be described thus: man's potential on Earth has been exhausted. We have discovered every piece of land, tried all sorts of political regimes, experienced all the forms of the arts and committed ourselves to all kinds of religious beliefs. Yet if we admit that the thirst for exploration and novelty is at the heart of human nature, we then have to confront the resulting question: can humanity survive the finitude of our world? Will we hold out long in this cloistered and domesticated Earth that has become so devoid of all mystery and adventure? Or will we die of boredom when the Earth will have become the biggest open-air zoo in the universe?The consequences of our planet's finiteness can already be perceived in our day-to-day experience: humans' physical obsolescence, the decline of Eros, the epidemic of depression sweeping across the Western world and self-destructive tendencies that reveal an actual wish for the Deluge to happen, as if we wanted to recreate the clean slate we so yearn for. We must therefore find a way to break free from this looming trap. Part of the solution may lie above us, but the day when our technology can catapult us to a planet orbiting another star is considerably far off. One could consider that it matters little whether we are capable of colonizing space or not, as long as we have our humdrum lives to attend to here on Earth. But our human nature will not let this happen. We are wanderers, explorers, pioneers in all fields of life.The human race will therefore not be driven off our planet to escape meteorites or the depletion of natural resources, but to prevent our own mental and physical imprisonment. Knowing the world has nothing more to offer us is not merely a piece of information; it is a shattering reality to which our bodies and minds will react wildly and the biggest existential challenge humankind will have to face in the near future. By shedding light on this pervading worldwide mental condition, The End of the World and the Last God tries to raise awareness that the obstacles to interstellar expansion do not essentially lie in any technological limitation but in the demons and flaws we host in ourselves.

In the course of its unique exploration, Spirituality for the Independent Thinker combines themes from three related fields: quantum physics, theology, and philosophy. The result is a guide for independent thinkers who seek to do justice to the combination of ideas and feelings that generate spirituality.Exploring themes of metaphysics and fundamental "e;ontology"e;-the philosophic study of being-as-such-the book singles out a constant structure of experience that we take completely for granted because it contains the reality we know: the experience of now. This is a structure that flows and it constitutes a phenomenon that scientists cannot understand or subject to experiments. They lack the standpoint from which to probe it because they are in it.Spirituality for the Independent Thinker helps readers to navigate conceptions that are open to them as they think in an independent manner about religious issues. It confronts the darker side of reality with tough-minded candor, while offering a source of inspiration that withstands any realistic challenge: the ghostliness of the power that upholds us every single moment.

Nikolai Gretsch''s Travel Letters is a fully translated English edition of a three-volume account published by Nikolai Gretsch (1787-1867) in Russian in 1839. In the original Russian, Gretsch describes his travels in post-Napoleonic England, France, and Germany in 1837 at the behest of the Russian Empire. Gretsch had been asked to travel into Western Europe to examine the educational systems and report his findings to the Russian government. However, he was more than just a functionary. He was a journalist, novelist, and philologist. For nearly three decades, he published a journal called Son of the Fatherland, and he was able to convince many influential Russian thinkers of the time to contribute to the periodical. Later, he would publish The Reader''s Library and then The Northern Bee. The former was a short-lived magazine, but the latter was a newspaper that remained in circulation for almost three decades. As these accomplishments suggest, Gretsch was an intellectual--a person who looked beyond the surface-level of his existence to seek deeper meaning. In consequence, as he travelled through England, France, and Germany, his sharp mind absorbed far more than just the details of the educational systems he had been sent to investigate. He noticed the cultural norms in his surroundings, the history of each country, and the personal experiences of the people he met. When he returned to Russia, Gretsch assembled his entertaining and often humorous personal observations into the three-volume edition that was published in St. Petersburg in 1839 -- not long after Napoleon''s final defeat. His astute observations provide a rich contemporary resource for information about the countries he visited. The observations are all the more relevant since they come from the viewpoint of an outsider. Additionally, as a result of his government position, Gretsch was able to move in social circles that would have been closed to many other people. In England, he once found himself in the same room with the future Queen Victoria, for example, and in France, he had lunch with Victor Hugo. Given the new historicist slant of modern literary and cultural studies, Gretsch''s observations offer a treasure-trove of contextual information that will be valuable to history and literature scholars as well as to general readers interested in cultural interactions during the nineteenth century. This narrative has never before been translated into English in its entirety.

Nikolai Gretsch''s Travel Letters is a fully translated English edition of a three-volume account published by Nikolai Gretsch (1787-1867) in Russian in 1839. In the original Russian, Gretsch describes his travels in post-Napoleonic England, France, and Germany in 1837 at the behest of the Russian Empire. Gretsch had been asked to travel into Western Europe to examine the educational systems and report his findings to the Russian government. However, he was more than just a functionary. He was a journalist, novelist, and philologist. For nearly three decades, he published a journal called Son of the Fatherland, and he was able to convince many influential Russian thinkers of the time to contribute to the periodical. Later, he would publish The Reader''s Library and then The Northern Bee. The former was a short-lived magazine, but the latter was a newspaper that remained in circulation for almost three decades. As these accomplishments suggest, Gretsch was an intellectual--a person who looked beyond the surface-level of his existence to seek deeper meaning. In consequence, as he travelled through England, France, and Germany, his sharp mind absorbed far more than just the details of the educational systems he had been sent to investigate. He noticed the cultural norms in his surroundings, the history of each country, and the personal experiences of the people he met. When he returned to Russia, Gretsch assembled his entertaining and often humorous personal observations into the three-volume edition that was published in St. Petersburg in 1839 -- not long after Napoleon''s final defeat. His astute observations provide a rich contemporary resource for information about the countries he visited. The observations are all the more relevant since they come from the viewpoint of an outsider. Additionally, as a result of his government position, Gretsch was able to move in social circles that would have been closed to many other people. In England, he once found himself in the same room with the future Queen Victoria, for example, and in France, he had lunch with Victor Hugo. Given the new historicist slant of modern literary and cultural studies, Gretsch''s observations offer a treasure-trove of contextual information that will be valuable to history and literature scholars as well as to general readers interested in cultural interactions during the nineteenth century. This narrative has never before been translated into English in its entirety.

¿Neo-Gothic Narratives¿ defines and theorises what mobilises the employment of the Gothic to speak to our own times.

This book contains three full-length verbal and quantitative practice tests to prepare students in grades 4 and 5 to take the Intermediate School and College Ability Test (SCAT). SCAT is a multiple-choice, standardized test administered by the Johns Hopkins Center for Talented Youth (CTY) for school-age children in the second to twelfth grades. It is an above-grade level test that assesses math and verbal reasoning abilities among gifted children and assesses students at a higher grade level than the one they are in at the time the test is administered. Students in grades 4 and 5 take the Intermediate SCAT designed at grades 6 to 8 level.The two sections for testing math and verbal reasoning are each 22-minutes long separated by a 10-minutesbreak. There are 55 multiple-choice questions per section, 5 of which are experimental. The 4th to 5th grade SCAT verbal section assesses the student's understanding of word definitions and consists of verbal reasoning analogy questions. In each question, students are presented with a pair of words that are related to each other in some way. They are then to select from the answer options a pair of words that shares the same relation. The 4th to 5th grade SCAT quantitative section assesses how well the student is able to work with numbers andconsists of multiple-choice mathematical comparisons. Each question displays two quantities, of which thea student needs to choose the one with the greater value.

This book contains three full-length verbal and quantitative practice tests to prepare students in grades 6 and above to take the Advanced School and College Ability Test (SCAT). SCAT is a multiple-choice, standardized test administered by the Johns Hopkins Center for Talented Youth (CTY) for school-age children in the second to twelfth grades. It is an above-grade level test that assesses math and verbal reasoning abilities among gifted children and assesses students at a higher grade level than the one they are in at the time the test is administered. Students in grades 6 and above take the Advanced SCAT designed at grades 9 to 12 level.The two sections for testing math and verbal reasoning are each 22-minutes long separated by a 10-minutesbreak. There are 55 multiple-choice questions per section, 5 of which are experimental. The 6th and above grade SCAT verbal section assesses the student's understanding of word definitions and consists of verbal reasoning analogy questions. In each question, students are presented with a pair of words that are related to each other in some way. They are then to select from the answer options a pair of words that shares the same relation. The 6th and above grade SCAT quantitative section assesses how well the student is able to work with numbers andconsists of multiple-choice mathematical comparisons. Each question displays two quantities, of which thea student needs to choose the one with the greater value.

This book contains three full-length verbal and quantitative practice tests to prepare students in grades 2 and 3 to take the Elementary School and College Ability Test (SCAT). SCAT is a multiple-choice, standardized test administered by the Johns Hopkins Center for Talented Youth (CTY) for school-age children in the second to twelfth grades. It is an above-grade level test that assesses math and verbal reasoning abilities among gifted children and assesses students at a higher grade level than the one they are in at the time the test is administered. Students in grades 2-3 take the Elementary SCAT designed at grades 4-5 level.The two sections for testing math and verbal reasoning are each 22-minutes long separated by a 10-minutesbreak. There are 55 multiple-choice questions per section, 5 of which are experimental. The 2nd to 3rd grade SCAT verbal section assesses the student's understanding of word definitions and consists of verbal reasoning analogy questions. In each question, students are presented with a pair of words that are related to each other in some way. They are then to select from the answer options a pair of words that shares the same relation. The 2nd to 3rd grade SCAT quantitative section assesses how well the student is able to work with numbers andconsists of multiple-choice mathematical comparisons. Each question displays two quantities, of which thea student needs to choose the one with the greater value.

Nikolai Gretsch''s Travel Letters is a fully translated English edition of a three-volume account published by Nikolai Gretsch (1787-1867) in Russian in 1839. In the original Russian, Gretsch describes his travels in post-Napoleonic England, France, and Germany in 1837 at the behest of the Russian Empire. Gretsch had been asked to travel into Western Europe to examine the educational systems and report his findings to the Russian government. However, he was more than just a functionary. He was a journalist, novelist, and philologist. For nearly three decades, he published a journal called Son of the Fatherland, and he was able to convince many influential Russian thinkers of the time to contribute to the periodical. Later, he would publish The Reader''s Library and then The Northern Bee. The former was a short-lived magazine, but the latter was a newspaper that remained in circulation for almost three decades. As these accomplishments suggest, Gretsch was an intellectual--a person who looked beyond the surface-level of his existence to seek deeper meaning. In consequence, as he travelled through England, France, and Germany, his sharp mind absorbed far more than just the details of the educational systems he had been sent to investigate. He noticed the cultural norms in his surroundings, the history of each country, and the personal experiences of the people he met. When he returned to Russia, Gretsch assembled his entertaining and often humorous personal observations into the three-volume edition that was published in St. Petersburg in 1839 -- not long after Napoleon''s final defeat. His astute observations provide a rich contemporary resource for information about the countries he visited. The observations are all the more relevant since they come from the viewpoint of an outsider. Additionally, as a result of his government position, Gretsch was able to move in social circles that would have been closed to many other people. In England, he once found himself in the same room with the future Queen Victoria, for example, and in France, he had lunch with Victor Hugo. Given the new historicist slant of modern literary and cultural studies, Gretsch''s observations offer a treasure-trove of contextual information that will be valuable to history and literature scholars as well as to general readers interested in cultural interactions during the nineteenth century. This narrative has never before been translated into English in its entirety.

The book discusses so-called real socialism and offers an alternative conceptualization of it as authoritarian collectivism, making use of an analytical and developmental methodology, that is, presenting it in categorical terms as well dwelling on its genesis, development and demise. The political dimension stands out in the conceptual articulation, with 'democratic centralism' and the prominence of the Communist Party, working from the top down. The book concentrates on the principles of 'real socialism', particularly in the Soviet Union but also globally, analysing also its present embrace of capitalism, particularly in China, but also elsewhere, taking account of how those political principles remain however in place today. A new civilization was intended, which was supposed to be the first step in the journey towards communism, leading however to an oppressive sort of state/society articulation and to new forms of hierarchy and appropriation of material benefits by the political upper layers.The historical genesis of Soviet 'socialism', through Stalinism and to post-Stalinism, furnished the model to be analysed, but its global spread in China, Vietnam, Africa, Cuba and elsewhere enriched the original experience, but at its core the political system and the state structure that allowed for the prominence of a powerful and exclusivist political bureaucracy was always reinstated. The failure of the system - economically and politically - to withstand the competition which the liberal and capitalist world sustained led to its disappearance in the Soviet Union and other countries or to a transformation that brought back capitalism, which is now combined with the former political structure. China is the foremost example of this new reality, which is however reproduced elsewhere.The book closes with a discussion of the motivation of revolutionary actors, including communism, anti-colonialism and nationalism, the role of unintended consequences in history and what emancipation and socialism might mean today.

This book is a new and exciting resource for teachers, students, and activists who aim to critically examine contemporary sexuality through the lens of sexual literacy and situated social analysis. This original anthology provides shorter cutting-edge essays on theory, method, and activism, including the nature of globalization and local sexuality discovered in ''glocal'' topics, processes, and contexts. Within the anthology, students, educators, practitioners, and policy makers will find critical conversations regarding a wide array of sexual topics that impact our world currently. These cutting-edge essays inform readers of key moments in sexual history, including areas relating to research, practice, and social policy, and provide a platform from which to engage in rich discussion and forecast the development of sexual literacy in our world within multiple contexts. Remarkable transformations in critical sexuality studies, sexual science, empirical and humanities-based studies, and human rights in the late-twentieth century reveal many of the complex conundrums of power that drive sexual study in the twenty-first century. Using the multi-faceted characteristics of sexuality literacy to engage critically and situationally across glocal factors, augmenting our ability to forecast sexuality issues, the book attempts answers for the following questions: What are the kinds of problems and solutions does applied critical sexual literacy work engage? How do we value one another and what political stakes are revealed when we do put one person over another? How do sexual identities and behaviors become authentic, meaningful, and important to comprehend in specific times and contexts? How does such work push forward pedagogy and allow forecasting the circumstances of tomorrow inasmuch as we can foresee?

This book examines the governance and politics of Kenya since independence with a particular focus on the betrayal by the political class of the aspirations of anticolonial nationalism.

Gothic has often articulated fear as much through its depictions of weather, climate and landscape as it has through its typical monsters, and the relationship between geography, the environment and travel has been a persistent characteristic of the Gothic from its earliest moments. Gothic is an innately travelling mode of writing, and the literary fascination provoked by armchair travel is central to the navigation of cultural fears: 'strangeness' only becomes apparent once one exchanges the homely (Heimlich) for the uncanny in new or uncharted settings. This book will argue that what differentiates Gothic travel from all other kinds is the growing realisation that the terrain across which one journeys has become 'haunted' by what one finds there. At the same time, that encounter similarly transforms the traveller 'for good': whatever ghosts we encounter abroad follow us home and take root in our collective consciousness. This book therefore argues that Gothic literary travel plays a key role in giving expression to a range of very 'real' haunting anxieties. The strange and discomforting landscapes into which our reading propels us allow those anxieties to take form while, in turn, our experience of journeying through these landscapes enables us, in part, to confront the fears they provoke. This book argues that the process and experience of travel in Gothic literature provides a unique perspective on recurring cultural preoccupations from the late-eighteenth century onward, ranging from concerns about climate change or the presence of the unseen to the negotiation of cultural difference and the apprehensions produced by various modes of modern transport. The book follows travellers who take many fictional forms - tourists, commuters, walkers, explorers, as well as the 'armchair' tourist or reader - as they encounter fascinating, curious and often disquieting weathers, climates, landscapes and topographies. Gothic travel epitomises the wonder, excitement, suspicion or incomprehension that arises from journeys through familiar and unfamiliar terrain. While exposure to the wild, elemental or primitive could produce the elevation of the sublime in early Gothic, increasingly the experience of travel raised unsettling questions about people and environments that lay beyond established frames of knowledge. Gothic travellers are haunted, never alone, and the experience of journeying through these landscapes provokes fears that may shadow them even after they have returned to home ground.One of the reasons why Gothic literature remains as popular in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries as it has ever been, despite our lessening belief in the supernatural or the after-life, is because it continues to provide us with a mechanism for giving shape to otherwise formless but profound cultural concerns. The book questions, however, whether Gothic literature per se remains a source of fear (as it arguably was in its earliest phases), or whether it now provides a 'homeopathic' response to growing social, cultural and environmental anxieties which loom large in our consciousness. It tracks the ways in which Gothic literature, from the later eighteenth century to the present, has always propelled fictional travellers abroad into cultural landscapes which prove terrifying and unknowable, but also questions whether more recent literary portrayals ask different questions of their readers in relation to the environment, surveillance, (im)migration, the foreign and technological innovation, as viewed through the lens of travel. As this study will show, these expressions of fear speak loudly to our own time, and are manifested not only in contemporary Gothic literature but in the wider cultural discourse.

War and Peace in the Worlds of Rudolf H. Sauter is a unique project which complements current trends in scholarship and the insatiable public appetite for books about the experience and impact of war. It is the first book to examine the creative life and worlds of Rudolf H. Sauter (1895-1977), the German-born artist, poet, cultural observer and nephew of the famed novelist John Galsworthy. Revealing him to be a creative figure in his own right, it examines his early life as a German immigrant in Britain, his formative years during the run-up to the Great War, his wartime internment as an "e;enemy alien,"e; and the postwar development of his intriguing body of artistic and literary work. Placing Sauter and his creative life in the historical contexts they have long deserved, this cultural biography opens a window onto subjects of war, love, memory, travel and existential concerns of modern times.

Prometheus and Gaia examines the ideological currents known as Futurism and Eco-Pessimism. While these tendencies are rarely spoken about explicitly, especially in mainstream discourse, they do have strong (if subterranean) influences on today's popular politics. In light of the existential threats posed by climate change, nuclear proliferation, disruptive technologies (especially bioengineering and AI) and looming economic crises, many have grown weary of the "e;small fixes"e; offered by conventional politicians. Worsening climate change, to take one example, appears to be a problem that "e;reducing, reusing, and recycling,"e; or non-binding treaties, are inadequate to remedy. Likewise, perennial economic crises seem too large and too systemic a threat compared to the moderate "e;fixes"e; of quantitative easing and government bailouts. If the system, itself, is the problem, then some radical change appears necessary. Here, two styles of thought emerge to challenge the status quo: The Futurist sees in existential threats just so many symptoms of a disconnect. This is the widening chasm between a dynamic and ever-accelerating technology, on the one hand, and an all-too static conception of human nature and human society, on the other. Their solution is to fully embrace the disruptive and anarchic powers of technology, and to leave the human as we know it behind, as nothing more than a parochial relic. The Eco-Pessimist instead sees technological development as the problem. The need to dominate nature, and our spoiling the planet, is the proximate cause of our contemporary crises. Their solution is to chastise human consumption, egoism and instrumental reason as destructive of a holistic, planetary balance.What these two ideologies have in common is a strident anti-humanism. Each, in their own way, subordinates human welfare and reason to some alien "e;other."e; This common anti-humanism is, in some respects, more important than the specific "e;other"e; that they designate-whether this be an anarchic nature or a dynamic technology. In both cases, what stands above humanity is valorized as an object of adoration rather than true understanding or comprehension. This need for radical transcendence beyond the human masquerades as a new form of politics; in fact it is a pre-modern and counter-Enlightenment tendency. Prometheus and Gaia seeks to uncover and demystify this strange coincidence of opposites, and goes on to make the positive case for a humanistic rationalism.