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Since the first appearance of oranges at the Franciscan missions in the early 19th century, citrus agriculture has been an inextricable part of California''s heritage. From the 1870s to the 1960s, oranges and lemons were dominant features of the Southern California landscape. The Washington navel orange, introduced by homesteader Eliza Tibbets at Riverside in the 1870s, precipitated the rise of a citrus belt stretching from Pasadena (in the San Gabriel Valley) to Redlands (in San Bernardino County). Valencia oranges dominated Orange County south of Los Angeles, while lemons thrived in coastal settlements such as Santa Paula. With the arrival of transcontinental railroads in the citrus heartland by the 1880s, Californians had access to markets across the United States. This was followed by the subsequent establishment of an impressive central organization in the form of the California Fruit Growers Exchange, and oranges became the state''s most lucrative crop. Observers did not exaggerate when they dubbed the southern portion of the Golden State an orange empire.

The Lincoln Memorial in Washington, DC, is a monument to the nation''s 16th president, a commemoration of the country''s post-Civil War reunification, and a setting for national events and quiet visits. Demands for a national memorial to Abraham Lincoln began shortly after his 1865 assassination but produced nothing substantial until the early 20th century. Elevation of Lincoln to legendary status and an extended debate over location and design finally led Congress in 1913 to approve a memorial at the west end of the National Mall. Construction took another eight years. Since its dedication in 1922, the Lincoln Memorial has hosted civil rights demonstrations, presidential events, national celebrations, and day and night visits by millions of people who come to reflect upon one of the most consequential leaders in American history.

The Virginia & Truckee (V&T) was once the richest and most famous short line railroad in America. Created in 1869 to provide transportation for the Comstock Lode, the V&T transported gold and silver ore to the quartz reduction mills. On the return trip, it brought back cordwood for fuel, timbers for mining, lumber for building communities, and all the goods needed by the area''s nearly 40,000 inhabitants. The V&T also supported passenger transportation between Virginia City, Gold Hill, Carson City, and Reno. At its peak, this bonanza railroad ran 50 trains per day and paid stockholders more than $130,000 in monthly dividends. Over the next 80 years, operations dwindled to a trickle, and the last train ran in May 1950. Today, the V&T is immortalized in motion pictures, its locomotives and cars are exhibited in museums, and 14 miles of the V&T have been returned to operation.

Following New Hampshire''s independence from the colony of Massachusetts, Hampton residents petitioned the governor for a grant of a township and subsequently founded the small town of Kingston in 1694. Home to both Josiah Bartlett, the second signer of the Declaration of Independence, and the first Universalist church in America, Kingston was known for its moniker, the carriage town, due to the many horse-drawn carriage manufacturers, such as Walter S. Clark Carriages, B.D. Cilley Carriage Shop, and Kimball Carriage Factory. The dirt pathways that these horse-drawn carriages once traveled are long gone, but the buildings along those paths remain. The Kingston Plains along Main Street connects nearly 75 of these buildings with its route. It is also home to today''s Kingston Days celebration. This event has endured the test of time, annually bringing townsfolk closer together to celebrate Kingston''s lasting legacy.

Griffin Memorial Hospital is located at the end of East Main Street in Norman, Oklahoma. The hospital was originally started as High Gate College, a girls'' school established by the United Methodist Church, South in 1890, one year after the settlement of Norman. With competition from the University of Oklahoma, High Gate College closed its doors in early 1895 and was soon bought by the Oklahoma Sanitarium Company. In 1915, the State of Oklahoma bought the Oklahoma Sanitarium Company and renamed the institution Central State Hospital. In 1953, the hospital was renamed Griffin Memorial Hospital. Under the supervision of Dr. David Griffin, the hospital grew to over 30 buildings and three farms in its first 40 years. With a change in institutional care in the 1960s, the state built a Community Health Care Center on the hospital grounds. Today, Griffin Memorial Hospital has few institutionalized patients and little resembles the thriving establishment of the early 20th century.

Over a century ago, amateur photographer Floyd Ingraham took hundreds of images of a western Finger Lakes hamlet in New York. Ingraham''s lens captured the landscape, buildings, and people of Springwater, New York, and neighboring communities. This previously unpublished collection gives one photographer''s view of early-20th-century life in a small, rural community in the Finger Lakes. Ingraham''s photographs give context to the region''s historical narrative and have captured forever the time in which he lived, the people that he knew, and the place he dearly loved.

During World War II, Beaumont and Port Arthur were leaders in oil refining, which literally kept the Allied wheels moving toward victory. The Germans recognized the importance of Texas oil and sent submarines to sink American ships carrying the valuable cargo. Civil Air Patrol (CAP) Coastal Base No. 10, located at the Municipal Airport in Beaumont, Texas, in 1942-1943, helped alleviate the submarine menace by logging over 14,000 hours in the air over the Gulf. CAP was unconventional. As a part of the Office of Civilian Defense, CAP''s members were civilians, many of whom were too old for the military. Other members owned airplanes or had experience flying to help go on missions patrolling the Atlantic and the Gulf of Mexico searching for enemy submarines or survivors of sub attacks. Although the men had training in military protocol, they remained civilians and often returned to their homes after completing their missions.

New Hampshire''s iconic 4,000-foot peaks, with their rugged character and natural beauty, have been attracting hikers, explorers, and outdoor enthusiasts to the White Mountains for more than 200 years. Though they are best known today for their long-standing popularity among peak-bagging hikers, these mountains played a major role in the development of the region from a daunting wilderness to a thriving recreational mecca. This transformation included the construction of the world-famous Mount Washington Cog Railway in 1869 and its various summit hotels atop the Northeast''s highest peak, the cutting of hundreds of miles of recreational footpaths in the mountain valleys and on their steep slopes, and the creation of some of New England''s first downhill ski trails on Mounts Moosilauke, Cannon, and Wildcat in the 1920s and 1930s. Over the years, the 4,000-footers have attracted visitors from all walks of life, including US presidents, renowned poets, world-class skiers, and Supreme Court justices.

The Northern Central Railway (NCR), completed to Sunbury in 1858, was a Class 1 railroad that connected Baltimore City, Maryland, to Sunbury, Pennsylvania. In 1861, the Pennsylvania Railroad acquired controlling interest in the railway. It became such a vital transportation link during the Civil War that it had to be guarded constantly by Union forces. In June 1972, Tropical Storm Agnes heavily damaged much of the NCR right-of-way in Pennsylvania and all but destroyed the right-of-way in Maryland. Then under control of Penn Central, it was decided to repair only the tracks in Pennsylvania and abandon the Maryland section from Cockeysville to the Maryland state line. The majority of the route in Maryland is now the Torrey C. Brown Rail Trail in Baltimore County, and the portion in York County, Pennsylvania, is now the Heritage Rail Trail. The extreme southern end of the line from Baltimore City to Cockeysville in Maryland is now used by MTA-Baltimore Light Rail system.

The public art in Atlanta includes a broad range of media, subjects, styles, and artistic merit. Statuary and figurative sculpture, often in bronze, memorialize historic individuals, while contemporary sculpture includes large-scale abstract works in stone, stainless or weathering steel, and other materials. Street artists and muralists have created more than 1,000 urban murals throughout the city, including large and colorful abstract canvases, with thematic subjects referencing sports, nature, social issues, the city's African American and Hispanic communities, and Atlanta's leadership in the civil rights movement. Some guerrilla artists began as traffickers of graffiti who tagged buildings, railroad boxcars, and underpasses, creating iconic compilations such as the Krog Street Tunnel. Street art styles embrace photo-realism, abstract expressionism, or folk, op, or pop art, with the latter inspired by fantasy, comic-strip graphics, or Goth. Native Atlantan Alex Brewer (also known as HENSE) has executed commissions from Peru to Australia, while artists from Barcelona, Rome, and Zimbabwe have contributed to Atlanta's status as an international city.

Named for the frontiersman Daniel Boone, the town of Boone was first laid out in 1850 and officially incorporated in 1872. Nestled in an Appalachian stream valley, the town of Boone was initially little more than a sleepy, ramshackle county seat, prompting one 1888 visitor to describe it as a God-forsaken place. In 1899, the founding of the Watauga Academy (today's Appalachian State University) began a long history of synergy and occasional friction between town and gown. The 1918 arrival of the Linville River Railway launched the Watch Boone Grow campaign, turning Boone into a thriving commercial center. After World War II, improved roadways, cheap automobiles, and the nearby Blue Ridge Parkway made Boone a mountain tourism hub. The confluence of these forces--higher education, mountain tourism, and a commercial economy--has sometimes threatened Boone's identity, but Boone's reputation as an idyllic escape nevertheless endures.