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This comprehensive resource provides a thorough introduction to the security risks, attack vectors and vulnerabilities an Internet of things (IoT) product and its network can face at different phases of its lifecycle. The risks at each stage of the development and operations (DevOps) lifecycle of an IoT product are analyzed. Examples of recent, relevant security threats faced by the industry are discussed and why the security breach happened, how it was resolved, and what could have been done to avoid them will be explained. Readers will learn the best practices to secure their IoT products, and networks in a holistic way.IoT and the diverse and unique nature of IoT applications across the commercial and industrial landscape, are introduced, including the need for securing IoT. The lifecycle of IoT security, specifically the security implementations that need to be carried out at various stages in the operational process of an IoT service are presented, as well as the security requirements during the planning, security integration, operational, maintenance, and planned discontinuation phase of an IoT service. The vulnerabilities in IoT, the various attack vectors exploited by attackers, and preventive measures that can be undertaken to avoid these security attacks are also explored.Readers are acclimated with various steps that must be undertaken to prepare for IoT security attacks, and techniques that can be employed to detect them. Key challenges involved with implementing appropriate levels of security in IoT due to heterogeneity, interoperability, human errors, and commercial factors are discussed, as well as the need for regulatory guidance for the IoT industry and highlights specific examples of regulations in leading markets across the globe.

A CubeSat is a miniaturized modular satellite that can be constructed from off-the-shelf components. With advancements in digital signal processing, power electronics, and packaging technology, it is feasible to fit science instruments and communication devices that were traditionally carried on larger satellites on CubeSat consolations. This not only reduces mission cost, repair, risk, but also provides more precise and real-time science data. Their low cost and versatility allow for CubeSats to be used to test technologies that are planned to use on larger satellites, to collect point-to-point data in space when launched

The use of the optical spectrum for wireless communications has gained significant interest in recent years. Applications range from low-rate simplex transmission links using existing embedded CMOS cameras in smartphones, referred to as optical camera communications (OCC), mobile light fidelity (LiFi) networking in homes, offices, urban and sub-sea environments to free-space gigabit interconnects in data centers and point-to-point long-range wireless backhaul links outdoors and in space. This exciting book focuses on the use of optical wireless communications (OWC) for mobile use cases.The book discusses existing conventional radio frequency (RF)-based wireless access technology and presents the challenges that can impact the requirements of the future wave of new wireless services in the context of artificial intelligence (AI) driven autonomous systems and machine-type communications. The relationship between visible light communications (VLC) and light fidelity (LiFi), is explored, and the major advantages of VLC and LiFi such as security and data density, and discuss existing research challenges are also introduced.Channel modeling techniques are provided for mobile multiuser scenarios, and will introduce key building blocks to achieve LiFi cellular networks achieving orders of magnitude improvements of area spectral efficiency compared to state-of-the-art. Challenges that arise from moving from a static point-to-point visible light link to a LiFi network that is capable of serving hundreds of mobile and fixed nodes are discussed. An overview of recent standardization activities and the commercialization challenges of this disruptive technology is also provided.

"With more than 15 billion Wi-Fi enabled devices, Wi-Fi has proven itself as a technology that has successfully evolved over the past 25 years. The need for high-speed connectivity is growing, as Wi-Fi has evolved into a fundamental utility that is expected to be available everywhere. This comprehensive resource covers six generations of Wi-Fi standards including protocol, implementation, and network deployment for both residential and enterprise environments. It will provide readers with a new understanding of how to approach and debug basic Wi-Fi problems, and will grant those wondering whether to pick 5G or Wi-Fi 6 for their product the clarity needed to make an informed decision. Readers will find in-depth coverage of Wi-Fi encryption and authentication methods, including explorations of recently uncovered security vulnerabilities and how to fix them. This book also provides detailed information on the implementation of Wi-Fi, including common regulatory and certification requirements, as well its associated challenges. This book also provides direction on the placement of Wi-Fi access points in indoor locations. It introduces the most recent Wi-Fi 6E certification, which defines requirements for devices operating on the newly opened 6 GHz band. Wi-Fi 6 is then compared with 5G technology, and this resource provides insight into the benefits of each as well as how these two technologies can be used to complement each other." --

This book is an overview of how cognitive systems and artificial intelligence(AI) can be used in electronic warfare (EW). Readers will learn how EWsystems respond more quickly and effectively to battlefield conditionswhere sophisticated RF transmitters and spectrum congestion put a highpriority on EW systems that can characterize and classify novel waveforms,discern intent, and devise and test countermeasures. Specific techniquesare covered for optimizing a cognitive EW system as well as evaluatingits ability to learn new information in real time.

A very important part of printed circuit board (PCB) design involves sizing traces and vias to carry the required current. This exciting new book will explore how hot traces and vias should be and what board, circuit, design, and environmental parameters are the most important. PCB materials (copper and dielectrics) and the role they play in the heating and cooling of traces are covered. The IPC curves found in IPC 2152, the equations that fit those curves and computer simulations that fit those curves and equations are detailed. Sensitivity analyses that show what happens when environments are varied, including adjacent traces and planes, changing trace lengths, and thermal gradients are presented. Via temperatures and what determines them are explored, along with fusing issues and what happens when traces are overloaded. Voltage drops across traces and vias, the thermal effects going around right-angle corners, and frequency effects are covered. Readers learn how to measure the thermal conductivity of dielectrics and how to measure the resistivity of copper traces and why many prior attempts to do so have been doomed to failure. Industrial CT Scanning, and whether or not they might replace microsections for measuring trace parameters are also considered.

Many wireless systems could benefit from the ability to transmit and receive on the same frequency at the same time, which is known as In-Band Full-Duplex (IBFD). This technology could lead to enhanced spectral efficiency for future wireless networks, such as fifth-generation New Radio (5G NR) and beyond, and could enable capabilities and applications that were previously considered impossible, such as IBFD with phased array systems. In this exciting new book, experts from industry, academic, and federal research institutions discuss the various approaches that can be taken to suppress the inherent self-interference that is generated in IBFD systems. Both static and adaptive techniques that span across the propagation, analog and digital domains are presented. Details and measured results that encompass high-isolation antenna designs, RF, and photonic cancellation as well as signal processing approaches, which include beamforming and linear/non-linear equalization are detailed. Throughout this book, state-of-the-art IBFD systems that utilize these technologies will be provided as practical examples for various applications. Expert IBFD perspectives from multiple research organizations and companies, which would provide readers with the most accurate state-of-the-art approaches. This is the first book that dives into both the techniques that make IBFD systems possible as well as several different applications that use IBFD technology.

This exciting new book discusses the motivation for the evolution of a new breed of High Throughput Satellites (HTS) that have emerged from traditional communications satellites. It explores the commercial sectors and technical context that have shaped HTS. The historical underpinnings of HTS are provided to highlight the requirements that dimension these satellites. A survey of operational GEO HTS systems is also included. Readers will understand the technical, operational and commercial context of HTS systems, as well as the performance of the current HTS system.This initial breed of satellites was limited to geostationary satellites, but it is quickly projecting into low earth orbit (LEO) constellations, often referred to as mega-constellations. The industrial and operational facets of LEO constellations are challenging. The characteristics of GEO and LEO systems are presented to understand the differences between the two systems. The book also explores the evolution of the current HTS payload architectures, as well as theoretical methodology is presented for the capacity estimation for both the FORWARD link and RETURN link, which can be used for preliminary HTS dimensioning and can be adapted to practical scenarios.

This completely updated second edition of an Artech House classic provides a thorough introduction to the basic principles of electromagnetic wave propagation of radio frequencies in real-world conditions, fully updated by including new achievements in theory and technology. It serves as an invaluable daily reference for practitioners in the field and as a complete, organized text on the subject. This comprehensive resource covers a wide range of essential topics, from the classification of radio waves, electromagnetic wave theory, and antennas for RF radio links, to the impact of the earth surface on the propagation of ground waves, atmospheric affects in radio wave propagation, and radio wave reception.The book explores the propagation of the ground radio waves, namely the waves that propagate in vicinity of the earth's surface (e.g., guided by that interface), without involvement of any atmospheric effects. Specifics of the high-frequency (HF) radio propagation due to reflections from ionospheric layers is studied, based on commonly used models of the ionospheric vertical profiles. Scattering of the radio waves of UHF and higher frequency bands from the random variations of the tropospheric refraction index (from tiny air turbulences) are also considered by using the principles of statistical radio-physics.Analysis of propagation conditions on real propagation paths, including analysis of the power budget of the VHF/UHF link to assure its stability (percentage of availability within observation time frame), terrestrial, broadcast, mobile, and satellite RF links are presented. The engineering design of the cellular networks, including LTE 4G, 5G and upcoming higher generations is explored. HF propagation predictions for extremely long-range links design for commercial and military applications are explained. Packed with examples and problems, this book provides a theoretical background for astrophysical, aeronomy and geophysical instrumentation design.

Real-time testing and simulation of open- and closed-loop radio frequency (RF) systems for signal generation, signal analysis and digital signal processing require deterministic, low-latency, high-throughput capabilities afforded by user reconfigurable field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). This comprehensive book introduces LabVIEW FPGA, provides best practices for multi-FPGA solutions, and guidance for developing high-throughput, low-latency FPGA based RF systems. Written by a recognized expert with a wealth of real-world experience in the field, this is the first book written on the subject of FPGAs for radar and other RF applications. The companion website for this book can be found at https://github.com/LVFPGABOOK/

This practical book shows the procedure to integrate, in a practical way, empirical propagation methods with geographical information systems (GIS) to obtain the radio coverage in open environments. It includes the theoretical explanation of empirical methods and GIS but as a basis to develop a real tool that combines both aspects to provide the user a suitable method for the wireless network planning in urban areas. The book introduces the empirical propagation methods and their application to wireless network planning. The motivation for combining them with the information obtained from geographical information systems is illustrated as well as their application to real situations. The most important empirical methods used to calculate the propagation in open environments are reviewed. Focus is given to the geometrical information needed to prove the necessity of obtaining some geographical information if these methods must be applied to realistic network planning. A review of the most important GIS is also described. The advantages and disadvantages of every system is analyzed from the point of view of its integration with an empirical propagation method. An application that combines a geographical information system with an empirical propagation method is fully described. The practical features of this integration are completely studied to allow an engineer to use and develop his own tool. Examples are given in each chapter to fully describe and illustrate the process.

Creating FPGA & Programmable SoC based embedded systems - Architecture and Design.

This exciting new book delivers a comprehensive overview of the cellular network architecture, with focus on the positioning applications and emergency call services, and covers aspects brought by 5G, including the core virtualization and the network slicing to optimize cellular network deployments. Focus is given to the different positioning technologies used in cellular networks, divided in satellite positioning, terrestrial radio positioning, non-RF positioning and a brief introduction to sensor fusion and Bayesian theory. It provides an overview of all the positioning technologies used in cellular networks, from GSM to 5G, from RAT independent technologies, such as A-GNSS (including GNSS evolution, RTK and PPP), WiFi, Bluetooth and sensor fusion, to cellular network native technologies, such as OTDOA / DL-TDOA, ECID, multi-cell RTT and the Angle Of Arrival (AOA) based techniques that take advantage of 5G mmWave beamforming features. Different positioning protocols, especially the LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP), which is used for LTE and 5G NR and defines the communication between the user device (mobile phone, connected vehicle, etc.) and the base station are explained extensively, and compares it with other competing protocols such as OMA LPPE. Furthermore, it also explains the core network positioning protocols (LPPa, NRPPa), that describe the communication between the location server and the core network. Explanation of different signaling parameters will enable the reader to understand better how positioning works in a cellular network. The contents of this book are aimed at all types of users, from beginners to the concept of positioning to experts that are looking to enhance their knowledge of positioning in cellular networks.

"This exciting resource identifies technical challenges, benefits, and directions of Deep Learning (DL) based object classification using radar data (i.e., Synthetic Aperture Radar / SAR and High range resolution Radar / HRR data). An overview of machine learning (ML) theory to include a history, background primer, and example and performance of ML algorithm (i.e., DL method) on video imagery is provided. Radar data with issues of collection, application, and examples for SAR/HRR data and communication signals analysis is also discussed. Practical considerations of deploying such techniques, including performance evaluation, hardware issues, and the future unresolved issues are presented."--Amazon.com

This comprehensive resource explains the theory of RF circuits and systems and the practice of designing them. The fundamentals for linear and low noise amplifier designs, including the S and noise parameters and their applications in amplifier designs and matching network designs using the Smith chart are covered. Theories of RF power amplifiers and high efficiency power amplifiers are also explained. The underpinnings of wireless communications systems as well as passive components commonly used in RF circuits and measurements are discussed. RF measurement techniques and RF switches are also presented. The book explores stability criteria and the invariant property of lossless networks and includes detailed theoretical treatments. The basic concepts and techniques covered in this book are routinely used in today's engineering practice, especially from the perspective of printed circuit board (PCB) based RF circuit design and system integration. Intended for practicing engineers and circuit designers, this book focuses on practical topics in circuit design and measurement techniques. It bridges the gap between academic materials and real circuit designs using real circuit examples and practical tips. Readers develop a numerical feel for RF problems as well as awareness of the concepts of design for cost and design for manufacturing, which is a critical skill set for today's engineers working in an environment of commercial product development.

Written by a prominent expert in the field, this authoritative resource considers radar parameters and how they affect ESM systems. It describes the ESM environment, including types of radar, pulse density, the latest radar developments and how they will be seen by ESM systems. Different types of ESM systems are described, with methods of calculation of Direction of Arrival (DOA) of pulses. Conventional wisdom about RF scan strategies for narrow-band receivers will be challenged and new methods (proven to be effective in trials) will be proposed. The book describes ESM Antenna separation, which plays a significant part in the generation of DOA errors, with examples of the effects for different situations.

Detailed closed-loop bandwidth and transient response approach is a subject rarely found in current literature. This innovative resource offers practical explanations of closed-loop radar tracking techniques in range, Doppler and angle tracking. To address analog closed loop trackers, a review of basic control theory and modeling is included. In addition, control theory, radar receivers, signal processors, and circuitry and algorithms necessary to form the signals needed in a tracker are presented. Digital trackers and multiple target tracking are also covered, focusing on g-h and g-h-k filters.