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Cambridge Monographs in African Archaeology 51The Kintampo Complex is the first settled, sub-Sahelian complex in West Africa, and central to our understanding of West African prehistory. Kintampo appeared in Ghana around 4000 years ago, just after the onset of the last arid phase in the Sahara. This volume is based on research undertaken on the Gambaga Escarpment in Northern Ghana and expands knowledge in three ways: it provides the first description of the area; it places the northern manifestation of Kintampo within the context of what is known about the Kintampo complex; it explores the question of a framing base for Kintampo subsistence and embeds it in the current discussions on the origins of agriculture.

This volume, edited by John Bintliff and Hanna Stöger, consists of 24 papers and an introduction covering recent developments in the Medieval and Post-Medieval Archaeology of Greece. These are revised and updated articles from a conference organized at the University of Corfu. The contributions are grouped under the following themes: Landscape Studies, Individual Site Studies, Medieval and Ottoman Mytilene, Vernacular Architecture, Ceramics and Material Culture, Early Modern Ethnoarchaeology and Heritage and Perception. The collection provides an excellent introduction into current research in till-recently neglected eras of Aegean Archaeology.

This publication is based on new fieldwork carried out on the island of Huahine, French Polynesia, in the years 2001-2004. The aim of the project was to establish a chronological framework of the marae structures mainly on the island of Huahine in the Leeward Society Islands. However dates were also conducted on earlier collected charcoal from excavated marae structures on the Windward Islands to control the wider context of our local results. Other questions of interest to this study were how the marae structures were located on the landscape, as well as, aspects of their extended uses and modern changes.

This study examines faunal assemblages from late Neolithic sites in Provence for what they can add to our picture of late Neolithic animal husbandry and what the strategies employed indicate as regards social complexity. French text.

This volume discusses the role of organic residue analysis in identifying economic activities and subsistence practices associated with the first uses of pottery in the Middle East, and presents the results of analysis of 280 potsherds recovered from 22 Neolithic and early Chalcolithic settlements dating between 7300 and 4300 cal BC.

South American Archaeology Series No.9

This is the publication of the late Avner Raban's wide-ranging work on the harbour of Sebastos (Caesarea Maritima), completed and edited by his colleagues under the aegis of Michal Artzy.Edited by M. Artzy, B. Goodman and Z. Gal

This study aims to reconsider current reconstructions of the Iron Age Northern Levant and the role that ceramics studies have played in these interpretations. The author presents a regional ceramic typology for the Iron Age (including the Persian period) and undertakes an analysis of the distribution patterns of this typology across the Northern Levant. An alternative interpretation of the ceramic data is offered, before being compared with the conventional historical model. This alternative reconstruction focuses on theories of practice, and foodways, whilst appreciating the dynamic manner by which material culture is used to constantly negotiate and consolidate social structures. In the end, the study offers one perspective on the compatibility of archaeological data and the historical text, and makes some final recommendations for their correlation.

The dry stone structures that are the subject of this book are located in the Mandara mountains of the Extreme North province of Cameroon and are known to the Mafa who live among them as diy-ged-bay, best glossed as "ruins of chiefly residence". From this the term "DGB site" is derived, having the advantages of brevity and of lacking implications regarding function. Following the introduction, chapter 2 presents basic information on all known DGB sites and suggests a typology. Chapter 3 is an account of the excavation and dating of DGB-2 emphasizing its complex sequence of construction and reconstruction. Chapter 4 similarly presents the excavation of DGB-8. In chapter 5 there is an analysis of the artifacts and ecofacts from the excavated sites and the light they throw upon the cultural sequences. Chapter 6 begins by extending the discussion of cultural sequence to the full set of sites. It then briefly evaluates and discards a number of the functional interpretations that were suggested prior to extensive fieldwork and excavation. Finally, by considering the archaeological evidence in the context of regional ethnology and the environmental record, a case is built for their having been centers of community ritual and performance related to water and reproduction. In chapter 7 Gerhard Müller-Kosack investigates concepts and traditions held by the Mafa regarding the population of the region and the builders of the sites. While these traditions throw little or no light on DGB culture, Judy Sterner shows that the DGB sites have had the more recent, turbulent, history of the region projected upon them. Finally, chapter 8 returns to the theoretical questions raised above and, after considering the energetics of DGB site construction, reassesses the sites in terms of the agential processes that brought them into being and the influence that they in turn exerted on their builders. A final section places the DGB culture in its broader archaeological and cultural context.With contributions by Judy Klassen, Scott MacEachern, Jean Maley, Gerhard Müller-Kosack, Andrea Richardson and Judy Sterner

The city of Jerusalem is more familiar to a wider public than most other ancient cities. This book attempts to present a picture of Jerusalem before Islam.

The relative chronology and local grouping of sites

Towards the end of the 20th century, sand and gravel extraction in the Middle Trent moved from the higher terrace gravels down onto the wide floodplain zone. The lower Hemington terrace gravels presented waterlogged conditions with excellent preservation of riverine structures, organic artefacts and ecofacts. One of the first discoveries occurred at Hemington Quarry in 1985: a 12th century mill dam and vertical water mill. An ongoing watching brief recorded many riverine structures and culminated in the discovery of three medieval bridges. The present book describes the discoveries from 1998 to 2000 of numerous medieval riverine structures. Three fish weir complexes of the late 7th-12th centuries produced rare evidence for the capture of migrating silver eels. A 12th-century mill dam was later reused as a basket fishery. A series of stone and timber bank-side structures of the 14th century reflect a change in fishing technology: the cribs were used to manage the river and provide river conditions suitable for net fishing.With contributions by Matt Beamish, Jennifer Browning, Nicholas J. Cooper, Robert Howard, Patrick Marsden, Angela Monckton, Anita Radini and Deborah Sawday

In this work the author focuses on early Hispanic churches built before the arrival of the Roman Liturgy and the Romanesque techniques by examining liturgical sculptural evidence. This material record provides a detailed understanding of both the functional and constructive features of the churches and leads to a definition of an archaeological methodology for surveying Late Antique and Early Medieval Hispanic churches, a methodology that enables a revision of the traditional historical model based on general stylistic elements that pay little or no attention to spatial context. To illustrate this, the author also makes use of a wide body of research obtained over the last fifteen years undertaken at several Hispanic churches that provides insights into building technology, the most important historical conclusion of which has been the re-dating of the most famous churches of the period. Examples are provided from the churches of San Pedro de la Nave (Zamora), Santa María de Quintanilla de las Viñas (Burgos), San Juan de Baños (Palencia), Santa Comba de Bande (Orense), Santa María de Melque (Toledo), and Santa Lucía del Trampal (Cáceres).

A study and catalogue of the silver hoard (the contents of a woman's tomb of the first century AD) from Bursa (Prusa, in the former region of Pontus and Bithynia), modern Turkey.

In this volume, the author investigates the sudden appearance of the human form in the visual remains of the Aegean Bronze Age at the beginning of the historical period referred to as Late Minoan. Found in a range of media, the beauty of the images of men and women, as well as the great skill of their execution emerging so suddenly, called out for exploration. The study attempts to get at the specific social meanings of performances (primarily bull leaping and dancing) as they would be understood to the people who enacted them. Having comprised a workable set of meanings for images of bull leaping and dancing, the author turns to the larger historical framework of the period, and questions why these images of performance emerged at this specific time during the Aegean Bronze Age.

Cambridge Monographs in African Archaeology 61This work is a comparative study of iron smelting practices among the Pangwa and Fipa peoples of Tanzania. The author discusses local concepts of metallurgy by step-by-step observations of the processes involved. Included is a description of the technology observed in several re-enactments of smelting practices and a discussion within a comparative framework of the multiple and shared levels of meaning and experience (symbolic repertoires and symbolic reservoirs) held by technicians during these observed technological processes. The study demonstrates, with a focus on magic and metaphors, the link between perceptions of the body and concepts of the technology. The author shows how a shift in the concepts of the technology is also useful for those studies of iron technology where there are no living exponents to answer questions about the use, or meaning, of specific objects or processes.

This book consists of French and English papers from the general sessions of Section 4 (Human Origins and the Lower Palaeolithic) of the XIVth UISPP Congress, University of Liège, Belgium, 2-8 September 2001.Présidents de la Section 4 : M. Toussaint, Chr. Draily and J.-M. Cordy

Paris Monographs in American Archaeology 14This present volume discusses the period between, approximately, AD 600 and 1500. The geographic region concerned is limited to the eastern part of the Antilles, including Trinidad, the Lesser Antilles, the Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico and the adjacent coastal area of South America. The emphasis is on the northern islands of the Lesser Antilles as research has progressed so much in especially this area during the past decade, while other regions such as the Windward Islands to the south have been less studied. The papers include: Espaces naturels et territories amérindiens dans la Caraïbe orientale (André Delpuech); Time and culture: chronology and taxonomy in the Eastern Caribbean and the Guianas (James B. Peterson et al.); Islands of chaos (William F. Keegan); Social dynamics and change in the Northern Lesser Antilles (Corrine L. Hoffman et al.); Political and social history of Eastern Puerto Rico: the Ceramic Age (L. Antonio Curet et al.); What happened after AD 600 in Puerto Rico? Corporate groups,population restructuring, and post-Saladoid social changes (Peter E. Siegel); Late Ceramic Age developments in the Virgins Archipelago: The Puerto Rican connection (Elizabeth Righter et al.); Distribution and exchange of lithic materials: three-pointers and axes from St. Martin (Sebastiaan Knippenberg); Inter-island exchange, settlement hierarchy, and a Taion-related chiefdom on the Anguilla Bank, Northern Lesser Antilles (John G. Crock et al.); Late Ceramic Age survey of the northeastern islands of the Guadeloupean Archipelago: Grande-Terre, La Désirade and Petite-Terre (Corinne L. Hofman et al.); At the onset of complexity: Late ceramic developments in St. Croix (Birgit Faber-Morse); En vue de l'étude de l'occupation post-Saladoïde de la Martinique (Nathalie Vidal et al.); Life in an insular environment: the case of Antigua (Reg Murphy); Post-Saladoid society on Barbados (Peter Drewett); The Arauquinoid tradition in the Guianas (Stéphen Rostain et al.); Koriabo and the polychrome tradition: the late-prehistoric era between the Orinoco and Amazon mouths (Arie Boomert); Linking prehistory and history in the Caribbean (Samuel M. Wilson).

Studies in the Archaeology & History of Baluchistan, Volume IThis volume is the first in a series that will ultimately provide a thorough archaeological and historical survey of Baluchistan, a vast region that, as recently as the Eighties of the nineteenth century, the Oxford Atlas for Pakistan still marked as terra incognita, its population still retaining an equivocal reputation for inhospitality and cruelty, thus explaining the very scanty attention Baluchistan received in works dealing with British India, "Partition", Pakistan and its borderlands towards Iran as well as "the obscurity that - in Lord Curzon's words - has rarely lifted from these regions". The ten contributors to this first volume begin the series by considering the data provided by literature and tradition in relation to archaeology and its solid evidence and chronologies. Field work is complemented with a comprehensive investigation through the literary sources, that is to underpin the study of material and human evidence with a systematic study of the available literature, in both eastern and western languages, printed and manuscript: the starting point were the sources in Arabic referring to Parthian, Sasanian and early Islamic times, and from there the authors investigate all literature focused on "mediaeval" periods up to Europe's appearance on this eastern stage. Work in the anthropological and ethno-anthropological sectors has advanced the study of the current settlements through the analysis of their organization, ever dependent on the water factor, a vital element and source of wealth in this arid, desolate and decidedly inhospitable desert - pre-desert environment. A final section considers monuments, and remains of a past that is rapidly vanishing. The result is a reconstruction of Baluchistan's history in more than purely political - dynastic terms, and an outline of specific phases and periods concerning its life in all its various aspects and components.

This volume is an exposé of building archaeological research works and building restorations. It is well known that buildings and their restorations mirror the dynamics of societies. Whether as a single monument, clustered in villages, towns, or cities, or even as single rooms or spaces, buildings and restorations result from socio-economic, political, or ideological power or expressions. But there are many different ways of looking at buildings and restorations in this respect, as the authors of this volume show. The 10 papers are presented in chronological order from ancient to modern times and the sites and areas under discussion include Crete, Mycenae, Pompeii, Scandinavia, Jamaica (Spanish Town) and Tongaat, South Africa.

14 papers exploring the social dynamics and social organization of the technology of metal-making and metal-working.

This volume publishes revised versions of papers originally given at a joint seminar of the Faculty of Classics, University of Cambridge and the Department of Classics, Royal Holloway and Bedford New College, University of London, held in Cambridge in the autumn of 1996. The main aim of the seminar was to give as clear a picture as possible of the Greeks settled in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Pontus. The work also includes a further paper by Yasemin Tuna-Norling, not given at the seminar, that extends the picture of the Eastern Mediterranean. The papers presented here focus on Greek colonisation and on the manifold aspects of Graeco-native relations - cultural, political, economic, etc. - not simply from a Hellenic point of view but also from that of the locals. Some authors concentrate on literary or archaeological evidence; others seek to combine them in various ways.

This study examines Old English terms for ships and parts of ships, i.e. it deals with any type of ship which was spoken about in Anglo-Saxon England. This includes well-known seagoing ships as well as inland craft, native boats as well as the ships of foreign traders and raiders. The study revives the old German tradition of 'word-and-object' study in order to contribute to a holistic understanding of the shipbuilding and seafaring traditions of the period. The main emphasis lies on the linguistic analysis of the terms, which are then compared with the documentary, material and iconographic record. The author hopes that this may help to close gaps in our understanding of the evidence and that it may bring some more light into the English "Dark Ages".

Colloque de Poitiers (18-20 septembre 2000)

The primary objective of this study was to complete a comprehensive osteological analysis of a skeletal collection of the Effigy Mound Culture (Wisconsin, c. 650-1200 AD), in order to contribute to the relatively scanty literature and knowledge of these pre-contact Native people. The project provided a rare and unique opportunity to study the demography and osteological characteristics of a selected population belonging to this culture.

This volume presents eleven years of archaeological research carried out by the University of Siena at the castle of Rocchette Pannocchieschi (southern Tuscany, Italy). The research, starting from the distribution of the Middle Ages settlement in the region known as the 'Metal Hills', focuses on the specific role of the mining site of Rocchette Pannocchieschi, deriving from the rich data provided by the excavations. In this area of Tuscany, from the 8th century, several centralized settlements/villages developed around the mining areas containing deposits of mixed sulphides (copper, silver, lead). Rocchette Pannocchieschi was one of these centralized settlements, built near important deposits of lead and silver ores.Written by Francesca Grassi with contributions by Giovanna Bianchi, Maddalena Belli, Jacopo Bruttini, Mauro Buonincontri, Cristina Cicali, Giuseppe Di Falco, Gaetano Di Pasquale, Giuseppe Fichera, Silvia Guideri, Marja Mendera, Alessandra Pecci and Frank Salvadori.

Cerro de la Virgen is a classic site on the Iberian peninsula for the Copper-Bronze Age transition. Excavations in the 1960s and 1970s unearthed crucial stratigraphic sequences used for all later Copper/Bronze Age studies of the Iberian peninsula. This book examines all the stone tools from the site through which a new insight into the Los Millares culture is given.

Paris Monographs in American Archaeology 30Olmeca-Xicallanca, 'People from the Land of Rubber, People from the Land of Canoes' - the Nahuatl name of these ethnic groups invokes the hot, alluvial coastal plains of Veracruz, Tabasco, and Campeche (Mexico). For almost a century studying the ethnohistoric records on the Olmeca-Xicallanca, scholars have sought answers to the questions of 'who?', 'what?', 'why?', 'when?', and 'where?' These questions have been by no means easy to answer - this present volume of contributions puts forward a series of answers and possible solutions.With a Spanish contribution by Angel García Cook - 'El Epiclásico en la región poblano-tlaxcalteca'