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The primary objective of this study was to complete a comprehensive osteological analysis of a skeletal collection of the Effigy Mound Culture (Wisconsin, c. 650-1200 AD), in order to contribute to the relatively scanty literature and knowledge of these pre-contact Native people. The project provided a rare and unique opportunity to study the demography and osteological characteristics of a selected population belonging to this culture.

This volume presents eleven years of archaeological research carried out by the University of Siena at the castle of Rocchette Pannocchieschi (southern Tuscany, Italy). The research, starting from the distribution of the Middle Ages settlement in the region known as the 'Metal Hills', focuses on the specific role of the mining site of Rocchette Pannocchieschi, deriving from the rich data provided by the excavations. In this area of Tuscany, from the 8th century, several centralized settlements/villages developed around the mining areas containing deposits of mixed sulphides (copper, silver, lead). Rocchette Pannocchieschi was one of these centralized settlements, built near important deposits of lead and silver ores.Written by Francesca Grassi with contributions by Giovanna Bianchi, Maddalena Belli, Jacopo Bruttini, Mauro Buonincontri, Cristina Cicali, Giuseppe Di Falco, Gaetano Di Pasquale, Giuseppe Fichera, Silvia Guideri, Marja Mendera, Alessandra Pecci and Frank Salvadori.

Cerro de la Virgen is a classic site on the Iberian peninsula for the Copper-Bronze Age transition. Excavations in the 1960s and 1970s unearthed crucial stratigraphic sequences used for all later Copper/Bronze Age studies of the Iberian peninsula. This book examines all the stone tools from the site through which a new insight into the Los Millares culture is given.

Paris Monographs in American Archaeology 30Olmeca-Xicallanca, 'People from the Land of Rubber, People from the Land of Canoes' - the Nahuatl name of these ethnic groups invokes the hot, alluvial coastal plains of Veracruz, Tabasco, and Campeche (Mexico). For almost a century studying the ethnohistoric records on the Olmeca-Xicallanca, scholars have sought answers to the questions of 'who?', 'what?', 'why?', 'when?', and 'where?' These questions have been by no means easy to answer - this present volume of contributions puts forward a series of answers and possible solutions.With a Spanish contribution by Angel García Cook - 'El Epiclásico en la región poblano-tlaxcalteca'

This work presents a new study of Alpine prehistory between two critical moments of its cultural development - the advent of peasant economies and the rising of the first metallurgy - through a series of texts written by researchers concerned with issues relating to human settlement in the Alps.

This book presents the results of the study concerning the circulation of goods, raw material and ideas in the Calchaquí Valley (Salta, Northwestern Argentina) during the Regional Development (900-1430/70 AD) and Inka Periods (1430/70-1536 AD). Through stylistic and provenance analyses of various materials from museums' archaeological collections, it was possible to establish the diversity of goods and material that circulated to and from the valley in different moments of its occupational history. This new data, together with the already existing information about interregional connections for Calchaquí societies, allowed for the postulation of several interaction circuits with different ecological and cultural areas like Northern Chile, Southern Bolivia, Quebrada de Humahuaca, the Puna region or the Yungas, as well as their modifications since the Inka arrival to the Calchaquí Valley.

The late Palaeolithic Ahrensburgian site at Zonhoven-Molenheide was situated in a sandy podzol. It comprised several concentrations with more than 11,500 flint artefacts, of which more than 1,800 were refitted. Both horizontal and vertical distribution of the remains is discussed in detail. 76 figures illustrate profile sections, artefacts and refits. The occupation fits into the Younger Dryas (Late Glacial) period with an AMS date of 10,760 BP. Regionally, the Ahrensburgian is defined typologically as an assemblage with numerous Zonhoven points, a variable number of Ahrensburgian points and numerous endscrapers and burins. Connections with other European sites are discussed.

This volume stems from an International Conference titled 'Methods of Education and Popularization in Archaeological Heritage', held in December 1-3, 2011, at the University of Warsaw, Institute of Archaeology, Poland, organized by Foundation of Friends of the Institute of Archaeology.

The numerous discoveries of black stone artefacts in Europe open new fields of research of great interest as regards the understanding of raw material acquisition and manufacturing and also the reconstruction of ancient exchange networks. Two main research axes were explored for this multidisciplinary research: the material was studied using archaeological, geological and analytical approaches. A new analytical protocol using LA-ICP-MS was tested and gives promising results and opens future developments.The aim of this study was to reconstruct the relationships between artefacts and sources during the Iron Age in Celtic Europe, and also to understand the distribution of the raw material and production systems of these black stone artefacts. Some changes between the Iron Age periods necessitated the examination of the circulation and diffusion of black stone objects across Europe, and also the long-distance trade of materials. These results constitute the most comprehensive archaeological, geological, and analytical referential database for European black stone material available to date.

This volume presents previously unpublished data (including inter alia plans, photographs, catalogues, sources, geological analyses, water/drainage, travellers' reports) gathered from recent major archaeological investigations into a number of important underground structures from the six districts that together form the territory historically known as 'Cappadocia' (eastern-central Turkey) - Aksaray, Kayseri, Kirsehir, Nevsehir, Nigde and Yozgat. Besides synthetic data (name, location, type, planimetrics), each of the 40 records detailed in this work includes a route-finder, historical and urban-setting notes, descriptions of the underground site and related plan based on instrumental surveys or sketches.Edited by Roberto BixioIntroduction by Roberto Bixio, Vittoria Caloi and Andrea De PascaleRecords compiled by Roberto Bixio, Vittorio Castellani, Andrea De Pascale, Mauro Traverso, Jérôme Triolet and Laurent Triolet

Cities have tended throughout history to be the preferred location for the minting and circulation of coins and coinage has in turn generally reflected the importance of many of these cities. This work, a collection of eleven contributions, explores the relationship between cities and coinage during the extended period beginning in the third century BC and continuing up to the tenth century AD.

Contributions on the current state of archaeological research in the Croatian part of the Roman province of Pannonia.

The present study analyses different faunal samples dated to the Middle Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age from both Latium and Abruzzi (central Italy). It includes a multitude of unpublished material from different sites such as the excavations on the Capitol in the garden of Palazzo Caffarelli in Rome. These sites are particularly interesting for they testify the presence of a long-term settlement along the southern slope of the Capitoline hill as of, at least, the end of the Bronze Age to the Iron Age. Other unpublished samples included are those of the Middle Bronze Age settlement of Castiglione that was partially destroyed at the beginning of the Iron Age by the homonymous necropolis, as well as those from Final Bronze Age settlement of Monte Sant'Elia. It, moreover, includes unpublished samples from the Final Bronze Age settlement of Sorgenti della Nova (and in particular from area Ve); from the Final Bronze Age settlement of Ficana (near the highest and most central part of the aggere that delimits the western slope of the plateau); from the Iron Age structure of Fidene; from recent excavations conducted in Rome in the Domus and Velia. The samples from these sites have been compared to those found in different sites in Abruzzi and in particular in the Middle Bronze Age settlement of Cerchio-La Ripa, in the recent excavations of the Final Bronze Age/Initial Iron Age settlement of Madonna degli Angeli and of the Early Iron Age settlements of Punta d'Erce and Tortoreto. This project, that compares archaeozoological data available in literature and the data obtained through direct analysis of sites in the central area of Italy, also seeks to highlight the network of commercial exchanges that characterizes the area of northern Latium, inland Abruzzi and southern Latium and that is made traceable by the circulation of metallic artefacts.

This volume presents a series of experimental investigations designed to explore the identification and characterisation of ancient arable farming through a feature-based morphology approach, and to assess previous work regarding the ability of soil micromorphological approaches to identify ancient tilled soils on the basis of profile and horizon characteristics. Studying ancient arable land use through soil micromorphology involves identifying remnant indicators of the processes and activities involved in cultivation in thin section. Regarding ancient tillage, there are two major types of indicators which should be examined micromorphologically: profile or horizon characteristics associated with the impact of cultivation on the soil, and the characteristics of macroscopic tillage features themselves. Much primary research has focused on the former, although the latter may prove to be both the least ambiguous, and of the most use in relating microscopic indicators to macroscopic archaeological features. This volume discusses experimental study of both of these aspects, in comparison to archaeological remains, and presents a feature morphology-based approach to the study of ancient arable land use.

The main objective of this work is the study of Pre Bell Beaker pottery belonging to the group known in the past as "Imported Pottery". Items belonging to this group include those with channeled and burnished decoration such as cups, hemispherical bowls,and certain dishes that are common in the region of Estremadura (the central coastline of Portugal). This new research broadens our knowledge of these ceramics, using methods such as archaeometry and experimental archaeology, allowing not only enhanced characterization but also a redefinition of how they relate to other types of ceramics within the context of the Estremaduran Chalcolithic.

In this study, published intensive field surveys, from different regions on the Italian peninsula, are revisited from a range of different methodological and theoretical perspectives. With its emphasis on the Late Republican to Early Imperial period, the outcome of this research should lead to a better understanding of comparative regional differences, in terms of settlement patterns and hierarchy, demography, urbanisation processes, and how society could have functioned. This study intends to build on existing notions of regional variations and bring them into better focus. For the theoretical and methodological framework, models and interpretive schemes are assessed originating from archaeology, social geography and ethnography using archaeological evidence. The field surveys or regions covered include the Potenza Val, the 'extended' suburbium of Rome, the Pontine region and the Biferno Valley.

15 papers which present practical case studies in experimental archaeology, as well as more theoretical work.

A collection of recent papers on the prehistoric Jequetepeque Valley, Peru.

South American Archaeology Series No 16

A collection of papers in honour of Sergio Pernigotti.

This publication offers new perspectives on the Phoenician presence in the Iberian Peninsula. It is proposed that Tartesos needs to be understood in a wider geographical way, rather than being studied according to a traditional historic-cultural approach. The authors reflect on a number of topics: the diversity of origins and identities of the "Phoenician" communities, the homogeneity and heterogeneity factors among them, their specific evolution in the colonial and post-colonial landscapes, the making of new political and ethnic identities, the ways in which the Greeks and Roman perceived and recorded them, the criteria for the identification of "indigenous" and "colonial" in the archaeological record, and the role of religion among the Phoenicians in terms of unity and diversity. All of these subjects are approached from a wide and multidisciplinary perspective.

South American Archaeology Series No 11This research explores the characteristics of stone tool production in the heart of the Andean state of Tiwanaku, comparing tool production on urban and rural settlements and at elite and non-elite sites. Models of the Tiwanaku state are tested, and comparisons with the contemporaneous Wari state are explored. No evidence of craft specialization was recovered from urban or rural sites. The author demonstrates that there was an overall continuity in lithic production from the Formative (1500 B.C. - 400 A.D.) to Middle Horizon (400-1100 A.D.), but significant changes occured after 600 A.D., as exotic raw materials began to be exploited. The state controlled the procurement and distribution of obsidian and black basalt, giving preference to urban dwellers, following the experiences of earlier altiplano polities (the Pukara, Chiripa and Wankarani). At the same time, local groups procured smaller quantities of exotics from other (non-state controlled) sources. Projectile points were locally manufactured and were used in inter-group conflicts.

This book offers an overview of the whole period from the first evidence of the Roman rediscovery of figured vases until the end of the 20th century. It looks at how figured vases were received in each successive period and how this determined the way they were studied. First, the Roman urge to collect vases purely as both decorative curiosities found locally and as trophies form Corinth. Then after many centuries of silence, the mediaeval discovery of vases in Tuscany and particularly around Arezzo and the belief that these vases must be supernatural because the painting on them was beyond the skills of contemporary artists. This was followed by the later use of vases as complements to the display of sculpture and to their being regarded as of secondary importance. By the 18th century, vase-painting was being studied for its iconography and as comparative material with ancient texts. Finally the search for the origin of the vases themselves became the great debate, and these supposed origins were also used for political ends. In the 19th century, classification took over as the main type of scholarship. In the 20th century, images of life depicted in vase-paintings are used as a vehicle through which the ancient world is understood. The focus of this work is the history of scholarship. It looks at the aspects of study that each subsequent century thought important, the varied forms scholarly debate took, and the responses which ordered the direction of research. The history of collections is also of importance to this study as the contents of collections can reveal how certain types of figured vases were favoured over others and were disseminated to a wider audience, thereby gaining more prominence and being more closely studied. Vases could not be studied at leisure until they were placed in a safe, permanent environment, so collections were the basis of vase study and subsequent publications. Finally, the author looks at how ancient vases were (and to a certain extent still are) regarded compared with the more revered subjects of ancient literature and classical sculpture.

Birmingham Archaeology Monograph Series 7This report describes the results of an archaeological programme undertaken by Birmingham Archaeology between 2005 and 2007 at King's Norton, Birmingham, for King's Norton Parochial Church Council. It also incorporates the documentary research conducted independently by George Demidowicz and Stephen Price, concentrating on tenurial history, the history of repairs, historic images and the wider village landscape. The work was largely associated with the restoration of two buildings adjacent to the parish churchyard in the centre of the former village, both of which contain substantial 15th-century timber-framed elements. The Old Grammar School and the Saracen's Head were the winners of the BBC Restoration programme competition in 2004, an event that facilitated the restoration aims of the PCC by precipitating access to Heritage Lottery Fund support. The finds included a large assemblage of pottery from the earlier and later medieval periods, as well as a number of Roman sherds. Several medieval clay roof tiles were represented, and there was a small collection of glazed floor tiles apparently contemporary with the Saracen's Head, some of which appear to have been in situ when recovered. Such an array of evidence for medieval occupation was not replicated during the excavation at No. 86 on the opposite side of The Green, where nothing that was definitely earlier than the 16th century was recorded or recovered. Although the site was close to or within the important medieval Prior's Court complex, the paucity of the archaeology may be related to the limited size of the excavation combined with the severe truncation of the site. It was fortunate that documentary evidence was able to provide an historical context to interpret the slim findings.Written by Malcolm Hislop, George Demidowicz and Stephen Price.With contributions by Robert Burrows, Mark Charles, Kevin Colls, Mary Duncan, Christopher Hewitson, David Higgins, Matilda Holmes, Rob Ixer, Phil Mills, Nicholas Molyneux, Natasha Powers, Stephanie Rátkai, Jennie Stopford, Ric Tyler and Meg Watters. Illustrations by Nigel Dodds, Helen Moulden, Bryony Ryder and Ric Tyler.

Archaeological Studies on Late Antiquity and Early Medieval Europe (400-1000 A.D.) (SERIES ASLAEME), Monographs IIIThe series Archaeological Studies on Late Antiquity and Early Medieval Europe (A.D. 400-1000) (ASLAEME Series) covers the chronological and spatial span from Late Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages, themes that have seen an extraordinary flourishing of publications and research over the last 25 years in western Europe, and more generally in the whole geographic area once ruled by the Roman Empire until its dissolution during the 5th century A.D. One of the priorities of ASLAEME is to contribute to the knowledge of this period from an archaeological perspective by means of the publication of an homogeneous series as far as time and space are concerned, but with a multidisciplinary approach and, above all, open to an honest and constructive debate that will prove scientifically enriching. To accomplish this, the series will feature the work of young researchers who will have the possibility to subject the results of their studies to an international scientific audience. The ASLAEME series is divided into three sub-series publication of monographs on both final and in-progress preliminary reports of particular sites, as well as catalogues resulting from exhibitions and re-evaluations of material pertaining to the chronological framework of the ASLAEME series. The third volume in this series is the monograph by of Eusebio Dohijo on Late Antiquity in the High Valley of the Duero River in Portugal.

Proceedings of an International Conference held in Trondheim, Norway, 10th-12th October 2008, arranged by the Institute of Archaeology and Religious Studies, and the SAK department of the Museum of Natural History and Archaeology of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)A volume dedicated to the achievements of Norwegian archaeologist Gutorm Gjessing (1906-1979).

Human adaptation in relation to northeast India is relatively unknown; various general aspects have been studied and usually interpreted within the conventional framework of prehistory. But in this volume, concentrating on Meghalaya, a hilly region stretching from east to west in the south-westernmost corner of northeast India, an endeavour has been made to go beyond the conventional limits to explore some new dimensions of the material under study. To have a better comprehension of the life and cultures during the archaeological past of this area, an anthropological evaluation proves more effective. The data incorporated in this study are obtained through archaeological explorations and excavations. This led the authors to identify three adaptive mechanisms. The variations in adaptive patterns in a particular time period operating within an area analogous to its eco-cultural setting are the results of subsistence variables among the bands. The contributing variables specific to the emergence of distinct and individual adaptive patterns could better be analyzed by the aforesaid approach. The present study leads us to elicit this picture that variations in 'Broad Spectrum Tradition' (discussed in the context of Hoabinhian traditions of this area) is not an outcome or result of a particular or specific factors, such as climate and ecological adjustment, population expansion or sudden exposure to a new technology. It is, rather, the outcome of an interaction of behavioral traits relating to technology, economy and other factors: this is the key to the understanding of the formations of cultures within a Culture. Three prehistoric sites of the region form the basis of the present study: Saw Mer in the east Khasi Hills, Makbil Bisik and Bibra Gre in the western Garo Hills.

This study investigates the relationship between the thermal performance of building assemblages (classes of buildings) and the social life of human communities using a multi-scalar Neo-Darwinian approach to study the evolution of the built environment. The work investigates levels of thermal operational adjustability associated with building assemblages and long-term social viability, given that social and contextual change is inevitable in the long-term.

Paris Monographs in American Archaeology 23A study of the Mayan site of Joyanca (north-west Guatemala).

Archaeolingua: Central European Series 5The author's main aim in this study is to look at how and within what framework the elements of costume from Ottoman period burials in Hungary have been treated by previous research, and to suggest some new directions of interpretation. The information on the ethnic and geographical origins of the population interred in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century cemeteries in Hungary, as provided by historical sources, has determined the questions formulated within previous archaeological scholarship: the analysis of burial customs and finds, mostly remains of clothing, has focused on an ethnic interpretation. This study has two main aims. First, to look for factors other than ethnicity which could contribute to the formation of clothing and of the way it appears in the archaeological record, taking a closer look at the archaeological and various aspects of the social and cultural context of certain objects. Second, to see how historical archaeology can modify our understanding of clothing in the past: the way it was treated by contemporary peoples, and the social and cultural structures that produced it.