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This research looks at the processes that led to the profound transformation of the Roman world between the 3rd and 7th century AD. By concentrating on archaeozoology this study provides information on socio-economic evolution during Antiquity and the Merovingian period in Northern Gaul. In particular, the economic aspects related to the production, distribution, and consumption of animal resources are studied. This archaeozoological study is based on a corpus of 106,486 faunal remains. Using an interdisciplinary approach, the geographical framework of the region investigated, the climatic conditions over time, and the changing regional landscape are all assessed.

This study discusses the results of archaeobotanical studies carried out in Bulgaria over the last five years, with a special focus on the archaeobotanical finds from 36 prehistoric sites from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age.

A selection of some of the papers presented at two international workshops: Women and Maintenance activities in times of change and Interpreting household practices: reflections on the social and cultural roles of maintenance activities, which were held in Barcelona in November 2005 and November 2007. These two workshops were co-organised by the Centre d'Estudis del Patrimoni Arqueològic de la Prehistòria-CEPAP (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain) and by the Departament d'Humanitats (Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain).

This book includes papers from the session 'Non-Flint Raw Material Use in Prehistory: Old prejudices and new directions' (Vol. 11, Session C77) presented at the XV UISPP World Congress (Lisbon, 4-9 September 2006).

The spectacular physical presence of the rock engravings of the International Tagus raised, in the 1970s, the need to explain the symbolic expressions of a population that until then had been described as virtually inexistent and, as a matter of course, of little importance to the cultural panorama of Iberian Late Prehistory. This volume gathers together the research effort of the teams that over the past 25 years have developed archaeological interventions in the central area of the International Tagus.

Using northeast Thailand as a model, this work uses stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen to infer paleodietary change in subtropical monsoon Asia. It is hypothesized that in northeast Thailand during the pre-state Metal Age (2000 B.C. to A.D. 500) there are distinct differences among the populations during this time period which coincide with human induced environmental changes and developments of alternative subsistence technologies. It is further hypothesized that female and male diets differed, possibly from social circumstances, such as sex related food accessibility. The archaeological skeletal series is from Ban Chiang, Ban Na Di, Ban Lum Khao, and Noen U-Loke. Stable isotope analysis of local flora and fauna provide a baseline for interpreting stable isotope data from human samples for this and future studies of paleodiet. This work makes a significant contribution to studies of subsistence changes from extensive to intensive agriculture in subtropical monsoon Asia. This research is relevant to debates of agricultural change as well as the effect of cultural changes on subsistence patterns and the evolution of human diet.

Proceedings of a workshop at Ghent University (Belgium) November 28, 2006

This volume publishes the contributions to a research project involving 37 authors to examine the evolution of the idea of the precious stone looking at the role of objects considered to have aesthetic value in a wide range of cultures and time periods although focusing on the emergence of the concept in the palaeolithic. French text.

This work summarizes a techno-typological analysis of Chalcolithic (c. 4500-3500 B.C.) lithic assemblages from Southern Levant (sites from Israel, the Golan heights, the Jordan valley, Southern and eastern Jordan and eastern and north-eastern Sinai). This period witnessed major changes in the lifestyles of inhabitants in this region, representing the peak of a long development in the rural life, a process that started with first Neolithic villages and ended up in the Early Bronze Age period, with the establishment of first towns. All accessible assemblages dated to the above mentioned period have been studied in the laboratory. More than 200,000 flint artefacts were included in this work, among them c. 20,000 tools, the rest being equally divided between debris and débitage.

This volume is concerned with craft specialization and cultural complexity in prehispanic Andean communities in northwestern Argentina, with particular reference to cultural and social processes in the Ambato Valley (Provincia de Catamarca, Argentina) in the first millennium. The analytical perspective is based on technological processes and labour investment applied to the manufacture of different ceramic wares. The objectives of this study are not only to contribute to the study of social change through the analysis of the technological processes of pottery production, but also to analyze and compare production at two different cultural moments, studying its variability through time, production, distribution, use and discard contexts involved in pottery production. The author begins with an introduction to general and particular objectives, hypothesis and theoretical background to craft production and cultural complexity, social change and craft specialization. Chapter 2 contextualizes chronologically and culturally case studies related to Condorhuasi, Cienaga and Aguada. Chapters 3 and 4 present the archaeological sites and the results obtained in relation to the pottery technology. Chapter 5 centres on specific analysis of labour investment, as one of the theoretical approaches to the study craft specialization. In the final chapter, the author presents her conclusions, linking both craft specialization and social change. Overall, the work is an important contribution to the knowledge of past Andean communities, as well as an original insight into craft specialization and labor-technology change.

This book includes papers from the seventh annual conference of the British Association for Biological Anthropology and Osteoarchaeology (BABAO), held at the Museum of London in 2005.

Cambridge Monographs in African Archaeology 71The Tubus are a diversified pastoral nomadic people who speak two very similar dialects and form a single cultural community, extending from the Fezzan and the Kufra oasis in Southern Lybia, to the Tibesti and Ennedi mountains, to other Saharan and Sahelian territories of the Republic of Tchad, and to the eastern part of the Republic of Niger. The Tubus are now present in territories where Neolithic people left - for many thousands of years - an important number of traces of their life: tools, wall engravings and paintings, and stone monuments of the sort generally defined as 'pre-Islamic'. This study investigates the background, history and culture of these people from their origins to the present day.Photographs by Harry Proto.

South Asian Archaeology Series No 6

From the beginning to the Hellenistic period.Collections of the Israel Antiquities AuthorityIn the course of the past century, excavations in Palestine have turned up large numbers of oil lamps. This first volume in a planned catalogue raisonné, summarizes the typological development of Palestinian oil lamps from the earliest such items of the Late Chalcolithic period onward, and their historical, cultural, and political contexts. The abundance and great variety of the material make this, a difficult undertaking - particularly for the oil lamps of the earlier periods dealt with in the present volume. Detailed descriptions of many items in the collections of the Israel Antiquities Authority, as well as of recorded oil lamps from other sites and neighboring regions, serve here as a basis for generalizations and conclusions.

This book includes papers from the session 'Social Inequality in Iberian Late Prehistory' presented at the Congress of Peninsular Archaeology, Faro, 2004.

This work, for the first time, makes a systematic review of all the C 14 dates available for the prehistory of the Balearic Islands. Apart from an inventory of all the dates with precise contextual information from where the sample actually comes and discussion of the implications of the data, the study includes a statistical analysis of the good quality dates, and a final proposal of the archaeological sequence of the islands.

This work is one of the first in-depth mollusc studies of the French coastal regions. It has direct implications for our understanding of the way of life of early Atlantic (France and adjacent countries) cultures.

Proceedings of the Third Annual Meeting of Postgraduate Researchers, The University of Liverpool, May 2002The Liverpool Interdisciplinary Symposium in Antiquity (LISA) was envisaged as a forum for postgraduate and postdoctoral researchers to present their research and engage in discussion in an informal manner. The theme for LISA 2002, the potent combination of Cult and Death, attracted delegates from several universities in the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland. The interdisciplinary nature of the symposium was amply fulfilled by the presentation of papers from the fields of archaeology, ancient history and classics, adopting a wide range of approaches, which are reflected in the articles presented in this volume. Contents: The Greek Neolithic Figurines (Gerasimos Vallerios Stergiopoulos); The Abode of the Ancestors: tomb design, ritual and symbolism In Late Helladic IIIA-B Greece (Chrysanthi Gallou); The Burial Ritual Tradition in the South-eastern Aegean during the Mycenaean Period (Mercourios Georgiadis); The 'hellenisation' of Isis among the Greek deities (Danai-Christina Naoum); Priests and Priestesses in the Mycenaean period (Christina Aamont); Nostos (= homecoming) and death in Greek tragedy (Marigo Alexopoulou); To kill or not to kill? Human sacrifices in Greece according to the Euripidean thought (Polytimi Oikonomopoulou); Adopted by Persephone. Adoption and initiation ritual in A1-A3 Zuntz and Pelinna 1-2 (Georgia Petridou); The death of Daphnis (Evangelia Anagnostou-Laoutides).

A study of the lithic series in the Vigne-Brun region of France. This was originally presented as an academic dissertation to the Universite de Paris. In French."

The Palaeolithic and the Neolithic on the Euphrates and in the Northern LevantStudies in honour of Lorraine CopelandAs a mark of their gratitude to Lorraine Copeland, who since the 1970s has placed most of her research activities and her publications under their auspices, the Maison de l'Orient et de la Méditerranée Jean Pouilloux have gathered together in one work contributions by colleagues and students who know her well, with whom she has worked and who have had the luck to benefit from her publications, her counsel and her help.

Between 1993-2001, in his studies into medieval Russian principalities, the author undertook field researches around the river landscapes of the Saratov territories, covering an area of more than 450 square kilometers, including Uvek, and the settlementsat Boldyrevskoe, Konstantinovskoe, and Hmelevskoe. (In particular, the material from the Uvek site is of considerable importance and is separately and systematically described in this volume). These studies, and the analysis of a great deal of material never before fully discussed, provide an opportunity to make some important general conclusions that have relevance over the wider region. One of the author's conclusions is that, within the Ukek lands, the complex sets of monuments found there point to a dominant Golden Horde city. This is important because no special research has previously been devoted to the problem of the interaction of Golden Horde cities with their agrarian periphery. The work is therefore invaluable in the further preparation of general archaeological, historical, and regional ethnographical studies into the Saratov region. The monograph is divided into three sections. The first presents the available written and numismatic data, while the two others consider the archaeological material in depth. The chronologies are presented in the conclusion, and the Appendices provide detailed descriptions of the monetary finds.

This study analyses the military architecture of Middle Bronze Age (MBA) Jordan. Although military architecture is one of the defining features of urban development in the MBA Levant, the military architecture of Jordan has never been adequately assessed. The study aims to redress this imbalance and to consider the military architecture of MBA Jordan within the trends of urban and regional developments. The result will be a greater understanding of the relationship between Jordan and the Greater Levant during the MBA. The core data for the study was excavated at Pella and Rukeis under the supervision of the author and is complemented by data from other sites in Jordan. Chapter 1 maps out the background to the military architecture of MBA Jordan; the geography, chronological framework and historical background; the textual, iconographic and archaeological evidence. Chapters 2 and 3 explore Pella and Rukeis respectively. Chapter 4 makes a comparative study of walls, towers, gates, ramparts, and related features. Chapter 5 presents the authors conclusions and the five Appendices detail the comparative pottery analyses.

Paris Monographs in American Archaeology 12Campeche state and Quintana Roo, and more generally the area south of the Yucatan peninsular, afford rich fields of study in terms of our understanding of Mayan relations in the region. This volumes concentrates on major research projects undertaken at key sites such as Calakmul, Becán, Balamku, and Nadzca'an, during which considerable advances were made in specific areas of research including analysis of the complexities of architectural styles and the iconography of the region during Mayan times. The sum of the information and results obtained adds a wider perspective on the southern Yucatan peninsular of the time as a whole. This large-scale work is presented in three sections. Section one concentrates on natural factors such as climate, soils, and vegetation, detailed summaries of large-scale excavation projects by season to 1998 (including seasons at "La Tulane", Xpuhil, Becán, Chicanná, Hormiguero, Calakmul, Río Bec, etc.), and methodology. Section two provides a gazetteer of smaller sites by zonal regions. Section three deals with the major zone of Kaynikte-Manos Rojas, including analyses of occupation, architecture and ceramics. Section four covers the evolution and chronology of sites in the south of Yucatan.

The principal focus of this study is an analysis of "independent animal burials", as they are most often indiscriminately interpreted as early evidence for a religiously symbolic significance of the species that occur. Such a cultic interpretation only rarely is offered for the other category of burial, that of animals interred in or, in its later developed form, directly associated with human graves. These animals have generally been considered merely another form of grave goods. However, this type of animal burial, in the form of subsidiary burials, can be tracked into the early First Dynasty and beyond. Thus the diachronic development of this particular category of burial exhibits an uninterrupted continuity between the predynastic and early historic periods. The geographical scope extends from Upper Egypt (Badarian and Naqada Cultures), to Lower Egypt (Neolithic and Maadi-Buto Culture), and Lower Nubia (A-Group), and detailed appendices cover a Gazetteer of independent animal burials, animals in human graves; elite cemeteries; food offerings; and cemetery maps.

This study looks at Greece (or the province of Achaia) during the period of Late Roman Antiquity with regards to new evidence, both textual and physical, as well as new archaeological opinion. Kosso is concerned with how Roman colonialism and imperialism affected the conquered Greek economy. This study is particularly interested in how this new information sheds light on the imposed socio-economic patterns in Greece during this period. Kosso looks at evidence for imperial policies from literary sources,and also states how the main basis for economic and social life for Roman citizens was land. Classical rhetoric is looked at, as well as Roman and Greek historians of the time, but more importantly Roman law and tax legislation give an excellent source of evidence for economic, social and agricultural policies. This evidence suggests that the imperial government widely encouraged the cultivation of rural areas, giving special attention and protection to small landholders. Archaeological evidence is used in this study to illustrate the transition in settlement patterns in Achaia during the Late Roman Period. The surveys in this study show how there was a change from large, less-intensely farmed agricultural estates, to smaller, more-intensively farmed isolated farmsteads. This would suggest that land became more widely owned and accessible at this time, with an increase in overall settlement patterns, especially in the rural areas. Kosso states how during this period there was an increase in population, urbanisation, and market demand, but she also states that these would have changed the nature of the Greek countryside only in conjunction with Imperial public policies. The literary evidence of a policy to increase cultivation is backed up by a decentralisation and subsequent intensification of land use. Kosso concludes that in Late Roman Greece, and in the Late Empire as a whole, the government implemented policies that would control elite landowners and local government/officials, but also protect small landowners, discouraging patronage due to its almost slave-like nature. Therefore this study helps us to better understand the connection between the Late Roman Imperial centre and source of legislature, and the surrounding provinces. Fundamentally it can be seen how Late Roman Imperial policy had a major impact on the landscape and demographics of the entire empire.

Acts of the XIVth UISPP Congress, University of Liège, 2-8 September 2001SECTION 3 : PALEOECOLOGIE / PALEOECOLOGYColloque / Symposium C3.1The 17 papers in this volume represent the XIVth UISPP Liège Congress session on the dietary behaviours of prehistoric hunter-gatherers from as far afield as Poland and Israel, Spain and Croatia. The subsistence strategies of prehistoric hunters were dependent on the dietary resources available in the environment and within this range the prehistoric populations were obliged to make certain choices. The contributors to this volume explore the theme, and among the many questions addressed are the issue of linkage between changes of palaeoecological contexts and variations in subsistence behaviour, and the relationship between the results from palaeoethnographical and biogeochemical studies; the palaeoecological reconstructions they propose provide valuable insights into the answers.

This work is an archaeological investigation of the Moche culture of northern Peru (ca. AD 100-800). It is a study of Moche burial patterns and social structure. One of the main objectives of this research was to bring together information available on Moche burials from different settlements and from contexts dating to the Early, Middle, and Late Moche periods as well as the Transitional period. General patterns regarding burial context and energy expenditure are identified. The nature of social status is explored and some general principles of social structure are detailed. Issues regarding funerary rites of passage, delayed burial, grave re-entry, and funerary specialists are also discussed with regard to Moche representation of death.

The aim of this book was to develop a method for analysing the seasonality of the European Oyster, Ostrea edulis. Patterning, in the form of growth breaks or bands in the shell micro-structure, has been shown to occur in other molluscs and has sometimes been used to ascertain the season of gathering for archaeological samples, but until now this has never been attempted on Ostrea edulis. The objective was to apply the method to oysters from Danish shell middens (køkkenmøddinger) in order to obtain information on the season of gathering at these sites. This is a particularly interesting area of Mesolithic studies as it is believed that the Ertebølle culture was a socially complex society of hunter gatherers, living off abundant coastal resources which enabled them to lead a sedentary existence. What is also of major importance is that through objects found, such as pottery and axes, it can be demonstrated that the Ertebølle people had contact with the farmers in the south, and yet agriculture was not adopted for 1000 years. Why such a long time lag exists has fired many debates and oysters have played a significant role in some of these.

Proceedings of the Fifth Annual Meeting of Postgraduate Researchers, The University of Liverpool, 23-25 February 2001The Symposium on Mediterranean Archaeology is a conference designed to offer the opportunity to postgraduate students to present their research and discuss ideas and methods in archaeological practice. The success of the conference lies in the diversity and the amalgamation of culture found in this particular part of the world. Furthermore, this symposium is unique in its synthetic character of space and time, and thus allows researchers to promote and demonstrate new lines of thought, theory and methodology. This volume contains 30 papers on the conference's main topics - Surveying; Landscape and Topography; Sacred Space; Symbolic Architecture; Movement and Social Dynamics; Body, Gender and Space; Iconography; Heritage.

This book addresses the relationship between state-managed archaeology and control of the past, with particular attention to the rigid association of administration and identity, i.e. nationalism, as manifest in the nation-state. A critical approach is feasible because the management of archaeology underwater is implicated in the reproduction of two fundamental aspects of the nation-state - territoriality and nationality - by virtue of the frequent location of ancient material underwater on the fringes of territory, and of the inter-'national' character of ancient material of maritime origin. Empirical material is drawn from a comparative analysis of managing archaeology underwater in France, Norway, Sweden, Denmark, the Netherlands, the UK and Ireland and from a historical analysis of the development of management in the UK from the mid 1960s to the mid 1970s. The theoretical basis is drawn from Anthony Giddens' work on modernity, structuration and locale.