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By exploring diagrams, diagramming and the diagrammatic across a range of disciplinary traditions and arts-led practices, this open access book addresses the gap between diagrams being a widely recognised mode of visual representation, whilst their status within arts and art education being minimal. Informed by Charles Sanders Peirce's understanding of a diagram as an analogy of relations, Drawing Analogies draws on its authors' creative use of diagrams as artists, educators and arts researchers, and on fields of inquiry that bring the arts into alignment with other disciplines - most notably anthropology, critical theory, pedagogy, philosophy, psychology, semiotics and the physical and life sciences. This range of disciplines is evident in the artists and writers discussed, such as Gregory Bateson, Black Quantum Futurism, Salvador Dali, Phillipe Descola, Aristotle, Hilma af Klint, Rosalind E. Krauss, Yayoi Kusama, Louis Hjelmslev, Susanne Leeb, Jacques Lacan, Pauline Oliveros, and George Widener. While the authors approach diagramming as both a technical and poetic activity, their emphasis is on creative, embodied and exploratory modes of diagramming practices, which are capable of engendering new forms, thoughts and experiences. By taking an artistic approach to diagrams and diagramming, by incorporating diagramming as a method of enquiry within chapters, and by exploring their interdisciplinary and multi-perspectival potentials, Drawing Analogies proposes giving new life to the art of diagramming and widening the arena of artistic practice and creative research. The ebook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com. Open access was funded by University College London.

Using many key philosophical concepts based on the work of Alain Badiou, this book outlines the relationship between an event and the emergence of a "truth", which serves as a helpful organizing principle from which to study the origins of Christianity.

Evolutionary History in Theological Perspective: Exploring the Scientific Story of the Cosmos argues, with a new theological interpretive lens, that Christian theological interpretations make more compelling sense of evolutionary history than naturalistic or spiritual ones.

The ultimate handbook for artists and makers to learn how to deliver outstanding in person and online workshops. Packed full of advice, inspiration and practical information, this book goes into all aspects of creating quality workshops, from curating a program and identifying your target students, to finding the best platform - be it in person or online. Additionally, you'll learn how to teach your creative skills all whilst juggling the practicalities of pricing and marketing. As well as checklists, examples and action points there are case studies, photos and Q&As with a wide variety of artists who successfully teach a variety of subjects such as printmaking, embroidery, ceramics, jewellery-making and hand-weaving. Award-winning creative business adviser, trainer and coach, Patricia van den Akker, teaches you how to become a better and more confident teacher and how to promote and launch your workshops to turn them into a profitable venture, whether delivering them to amateur adults, peers, or specialist groups.

Engaging with the long history of emotions, this book provides a new narrative of how grief was defined, experienced and used in Ancient Rome. From studies of tears and weeping, to Roman funerary monuments and inscriptions, the role of female grief in navigating political conflict, and letters of consolation, Grief and Sorrow in the Roman World explores the language of grief and individuality of sorrow in Rome, and asks how and why they shaped their emotions in this way.Revisiting familiar sources such as Livy and Plutarch it offers new interpretations to place the Roman emotional framework against our own. Can we recognise our own notions of grief in the Ancient World? Do we feel pain in the same way as our Roman ancestors did? Exploring these questions and more, Anthony Smart challenges existing perceptions of grief and sorrow in the Roman world and places emotions at the centre of this rich culture.

Reorienting understandings of Adrienne Rich's later work through her interest in Marx and Marxist politics, this book engages with this overlooked part of her oeuvre through considerations of issues such as race, nationhood, and gender. From 1983 onward, after she visited revolutionary Nicaragua until the end of her life, Rich's political vision can best be described as Marxist-Humanist. Until recently, very little attention has been paid to Rich's "interest" in Marx; there is no in-depth treatment of the effect of Marx's humanistic philosophy on Rich's later work, or even on her unwavering, but altered dedication to Women's Liberation. This book fills this gap, showing how Rich's discovery of Marx's humanism affected her poetry. In doing so, it makes a significant intervention into debates about the direction of American poetics and argues powerfully for a greater consciousness of political engagement through poetry.

Peter Forrest argues that Essential Catholicism is the one and only religion to which reasonable humanists could commit. Drawing on Immanuel Kant's Religion within the Bounds of Bare Reason and Ludwig Feuerbach's The Essence of Christianity, he provides an in-depth philosophical investigation into the synthesis of Catholicism and the Enlightenment. In this nuanced study humanity and divinity are two species of the same genus. Chapters defend the apologetic project from common objections and cover the argument from evil to Catholicism, the case for the Catholic synthesis, the argument from tradition, and finally the negative case for Essential Catholicism. Forrest elucidates how the various Catholic churches have Essential Catholicism in common, discussing the Roman Catholic, the Eastern Orthodox, the Oriental Orthodox, and the Old Catholics, as well as High Church Anglicanism with Methodism as a borderline case. He argues that we can learn from other Christian denominations and from other religions, but Catholicism is the overarching and one true religion. An engaging and original account, The Essence of Catholicism departs from Vatican theory and provides a sharp philosophical reflection on a distinctive religious position within the Catholic tradition of thought.

Bridging the gap between two distinct philosophical traditions, Eleni Lorandou finds consonance in the philosophies of Merleau-Ponty and Utpaladeva to articulate a radically phenomenal view of embodiment. In an argument for the transcendence of limiting dualisms in thinking, she explores how western postmodernism and Indian classical thought can speak to one another across centuries, complementing each other in a new and constructive philosophy. By bringing the phenomenology of Merleau-Ponty and the Recognition School of Utpaladeva into dialogue Lorandou uncovers intriguing insights into the constitution and possibilities of human experience. She delves into the intricacies of how we perceive the world around us and considers how our embodied existence shapes our understanding and experience. Questioning the notion that our perception directly corresponds to an objective reality and focusing on the topics of 'other minds', Lorandou draws soteriological conclusions. Examining the relevance of Merleau-Ponty's phenomenological reduction and Utpaladeva's self-recognition, this illuminating study turns our attention to the topics of perception, embodiment, realism, intersubjectivity, and, ultimately, the transformative implications of philosophical inquiry.

Examining what the eucharist taught early modern writers about their bodies and how it shaped the bodies they wrote about, this book shows how the exegetical roots of the Eucharistic controversy in 16th century England had very material and embodied consequences. To apprehend the nature of Christ's body-its nature, presence, closeness, and efficacy-for these writers, was also to understand one's own. And conversely, to know one's own body was to know something particular about Christ's.Sandberg provides new insights into how Edmund Spenser, William Shakespeare, John Donne, and Aemilia Lanyer use the reformed eucharistic paradigm to imagine the embodied significance of the sacrament for their own bodies, the bodies of their narrative subjects, and the body of their literary work. She shows the significance of this paradigm was for poets and playwrights at this time to represent the embodied self and negotiate how the body was read, interpreted and understood.

Shedding light on a forgotten aspect of Cypriot history, this book explores the involvement of Cyprus during the Great War and the impact it left on British colonial rule. It examines the political, economic, social and military aspects of the war effort. Cyprus and the First World War reflects on how Cyprus, as a British colony not in control of its own affairs, had a very specific and uncommon experience of the First World War; decisions were made elsewhere, communities were forced into a struggle that was not their own and their future status and ownership of the island was likely to be affected by the outcome. Bringing together contributors from various disciplines, this volume considers numerous facets of Cyprus' part in and contribution to the First World War and the war's effects on the island. It also highlights the fact that, while the island saw hardly any military action, it played an important role as a rear area for recovery and training purposes, as well as a provider of supplies, while Cypriots from all communities participated in the war, in particular at the Macedonian Front, a key theatre where conflict raged for much of the war.

This edited volume explores how migrant identities are created and constructed in discourse both by migrants themselves and by others. The contributors reveal how migrant identities are discursively constructed by those with lived experiences of mobility and those who view themselves as part of the 'host' population. This dual focus responds to a lack of previous research examining migration representation from both perspectives. Readers will discover how the discursive constructions of migrant identities in different domains relate to one another. The case studies include a broad range of text types from film, government documents and narrative accounts to newspapers and Twitter. They also cover a wide range of contexts including Argentina, Australia, Italy, Romania, and UK, making this is a more comprehensive account of the framing of migration than has been previously accomplished. The chapters all follow the same structure to help the reader learn how to investigate migration discourses using qualitative and quantitative (critical) discourse analytic approaches.

An international group of scholars reappraise The Winter's Tale through a series of research essays covering performance history, critical history, and new interpretations. Navigating the play's fluctuating genre conventions, onstage spectacle and leaps across time, scholars consider how eco-materiality, radical hospitality, childhood, gender, and critical race studies shape contemporary understandings and staging of a play that defies easy definition.By charting these changing interpretive trends, readers are introduced to a rich body of scholarship which shows how the play can be used to confront the experiences of those marginalized by race, age, gender, and nationality, to place fresh attention on the economic and material structures that define the dramatic plot of the play. As The Winter's Tale's depictions of patriarchal violence, vulnerability, economic disparity, border crossings and exploitation continue to draw attention, this guide serves as an invaluable resource for scholars, students and audiences alike. Complete with pedagogical tools including resources and strategies for approaching the play in the classroom, this Critical Reader is an essential collection of scholarship on one of Shakespeare's most audacious experiments.

This book considers the identity of the motherscholar, a mother who draws from their practice of mothering to inform their art and scholarship and from their scholarship to inform how they mother. By considering the identity of the motherscholar the contributors from the Canada, Finland, India, and the USA work to reconceptualize feminist approaches to childhood research and uncover formerly invisibilized public pedagogies of childhood. Through theoretical research, visual art, stories and oral histories, the contributors explore how their fused identities affect and multiply structural and interpersonal transformation in homes, in communities, and in pedagogical spaces. They describe a mother as a self-identifying or non-binary person with caregiving responsibilities including but not limited to biological mothers, adoptive mothers, stepmothers, alloparents, grandmothers, mothers who are childless, mothers who are grieving, and mothers who are experiencing infertility.

Revolution and Civil War on the Murmansk Railway examines the Allied/anti-Bolshevik military andhome fronts from a previously uncharted perspective and shines a much-needed lighton the establishment and consolidation of Bolshevik power on the civil war periphery.Expanding our understanding of the Russian civil war, this book provides the first detailed, archival-based study in English to analyse the two neighbouring regions of Murmansk and Karelia. Despite not being far from the revolutionary capital, Petrograd, both territories resisted the establishment of Bolshevik power longer than many others and so this study offers novel insights into the complexities of the struggle that eventually led to communist rule.Alistair S. Wright reflects on how both Murmansk and Karelia relied on food being imported, comparing how this problem was dealt with by the two independent local governments. Wright shows, for the first time, how the food supply in Murmansk was a key feature of Allied intervention during the conflict, part of an informative analysis of Bolshevik and Allied food supply polices to be found throughout the book.

This volume brings together academics from the USA and across Europe to examine the nature, representations and perceptions of the figure of the spy in Europe between 1815 and 1914. As such, it is the first scholarly investigation of the genesis both of contemporary espionage and of the cultural imaginings associated with it. Spies in European Culture, 1815-1914 sheds light on the founding moment of espionage and the use of secrecy in politics in the contemporary age. It successfully argues that the 19th century saw the development of a cultural-historical process in which disruptive novelties like the disguise, the secret and the double identity simultaneously assailed the spheres of the state, the self and the imaginary, ushering in distinctive features of society in the modern era in the process. This global phenomenon, in which state and society, but also reality and fiction, were profoundly intertwined, is therefore investigated by means of a transdisciplinary analysis that considers both the politico-institutional and the cultural planes that existed at the time.

This book traces the policymaking processes of the Review of Funding for Schooling (2011), which fundamentally changed school funding policy in Australia. School funding is a key element of any equitable school system. This is because the distribution of government funding for schooling leads to significant differences in the educational opportunities available for individual students, schools, and communities. The book shows that although education policy is often thought about as an abstract process, it is a series of small critical moments that create the policy and progress implementation towards or away from equity in school funding. Sinclair offers a new theory for understanding and then impacting in real-time the policymaking process towards equity in school funding, the "critical moments theory". In doing so, he identifies where education leaders, teachers, policymakers, scholars, and community members all have the agency to influence policy from conceptualisation to implementation.

Crossing the boundaries of a single-author study, this book rediscovers Flann O'Brien's attempt to synthesise a commercially successful Irish literary project from international avant-garde influences.Placing the early work of Flann O'Brien - just as experimental and yet aimed explicitly at achieving a wide readership - into a global context, this book uses the new evidence of his collaborations to refigure O'Brien as a networked writer who drew on experimental techniques to produce new categories of writing with the aim of rethinking Irish culture and delivering a commercially successful project. It reveals a network of Irish cultural production around him that draws on diverse sources such as English comic magazines, Dadaist photomontage, Expressionism and Central European theatre, as well as on well-known writers such as Jorge Luis Borges and Franz Kafka. By rethinking Flann O'Brien in this way, the book also rewrites the cultural history of Ireland in the 1930s and 1940s.

Piya Pal Lapinski explores the transformation of the Ottoman empire (and its Byzantine ghosts) during the period 1800-1900 in terms of its crucial impact on British and European transnational identities. From Romantic Byzantium to operatic sultans and vampiric janissaries, the arc of this book takes on a fascinating but often overlooked area of 19th century studies - the encounter with Constantinople/Istanbul, "the diamond between two sapphires" on the Bosphorus and the effect of the city's complicated history on Romantic /Victorian writers and artists. Drawing on unpublished, archival material on Thomas Hope and Julia Pardoe, she provides fresh readings of these writers as well as Byron, Disraeli, Scott and Mary Shelley, among others. Taking up the problems posed by the existence of a global, cosmopolitan empire with its centre in Istanbul and control over borderlands known as "Turkey in Europe," the book examines these issues against the background of the rise of nationalist movements and ethnic affiliations in the 19th century. Istanbul and the Ottoman Empire in Romantic and Victorian Culture proposes a new approach to understanding the final century of a significant non-Western, Islamic empire.

This is the first full-length book to investigate Beckett's work through contemporary ecological thinking, offering a wide range of artistic and scholarly responses to ongoing ecological crises.In response to the ever-growing urgency of global warming, the vitality and the creativity of art and literature have been singled out as sources of hope by Nobel Prize awardee in chemistry and coiner of the 'Anthropocene', Paul J. Crutzen. Samuel Beckett was not an environmental artist, but his oeuvre, poised between forms of precarity and hope, is a rich territory for the exploration of the most pressing issues of our time: the rift between the human species, its technological and economic advancement and the ecologies that sustain it all. In recent years, Beckett's name, aphorisms and work have frequently been invoked relative to environmental catastrophe, helping stimulate debates on ecology, the arts and the eco-systemic place of the human. Beckett and Ecology is the first full-length book to offer a wide range of scholarly and artistic responses to the ecological crises provoked, mediated or challenged by Beckett's work. The volume reflects on the varied practices and narratives in Beckettian intermedial ecologies, offering new insights into the connections between Beckett and the Anthropocene in the terrains of translation, adaptation, performance and the visual arts. Chapters also explore the potential of Happy Days (1961) for ecological thought and the role it has taken in ecodramaturgy. Short bursts of writing, entitled 'Coups de gong,' are woven throughout the volume and testify to the variety of Beckett-inspired local responses to global climate instability.

This book examines how, at the end of the 19th century, Japanese modernizers abandoned the traditional Chinese-style medicine that had dominated for centuries, and turned instead to Western medical theory and practice. Ellen Gardner Nakamura considers how the adoption of Western medicine became an important symbol of Japanese modernity and progress. The men who took the lead in transforming Japanese medicine under the new Meiji government were Western-style Japanese physicians, an enthusiastic minority who had studied European medical texts and techniques in the era before the 'opening' of Japan. Their achievements in creating the institutions of modern Japanese medicine are celebrated in almost every Japanese medical history book. Japanese Medical Lives in Transformation, on the other hand, focuses on a selection of lesser-known men and women whose roles in the transformation of Japanese medicine were important but unspectacular. The six Japanese doctors discussed here had various educational backgrounds. Most trained in the Dutch-style medicine which had become popular in the middle of the Tokugawa era, but they ultimately struggled with the transition to modernity. To what extent was their background in premodern Western-style medicine an advantage in adapting to the Meiji era? Who were the winners and who were the losers in the modernization process? What personal and professional challenges did they face? This book is shaped by these broad questions and the informative life trajectories of six fascinating contemporaries.

This book is the first critical study to explore the emergent field of witness literature across fiction, nonfiction, memoir, journalism and survivor testimony. Witness Literature examines writing from three sites of exceptional violence and fluid justice: the Cambodian Genocide, the Sri Lankan civil war and the borderscapes of honour-based violence in Jordan, Pakistan, Turkey and the UK. Drawing on the intersecting fields of literary analysis, biopolitics, border aesthetics and testimony studies, this book examines the place of the fictive in writings of traumatic events; takes up the call to expand Western understanding of the normatively human by focusing on work that bears witness from sites of compromised belonging; and shows how witness literature by migrant subjects marks an important intervention in Western readings of trauma. Ambitious in cultural and conceptual reach, Witness Literature from the Border invokes a wide range of texts from within the nations studied and from diasporic writers. These include: eye witness accounts and survivor stories gathered in Children of Cambodia's Killing Fields, Voices of Peace and Still Counting the Dead; memoirs and autobiographies like Loung Ung's First They Killed My Father, Niromi de Soyza's Tamil Tigress and Ajith Boyagoda's memoir as told to Sunila Galappatti in A Long Watch; the graphic novel, Vanni; novels of diasporic writers such as Michael Ondaatje's and Anuk Arudpragasam; the posthumously published editorial of Lasantha Wickrematunge, an assassinated writer who anticipated his death; fabricated testimony and fictive reconstructions of real events Forbidden Love by Norma Khouri's and Lene Wold's Inside an Honour Killing; and such works as Elif Shafak's Honour, Salman Rushdie's Shame and Shalimar the Clown, Madeleine Thien's Dogs at the Perimeter and Francois Bizot's The Gate. Offering a compelling and surprising analysis of the representation of life under the threat, Minoli Salgado exposes how the mixed cultural allegiances of the border witness marks a double agency that challenges multiple orthodoxies and marks storytelling as significant in mapping new moral communities.

An account of Egypt's foreign policy decline following the Arab Uprisings, explaining the causes, consequences, and dynamics of this decline. Egypt, traditionally an important regional power in the Middle East, has experienced a considerable decline in its national capabilities and regional influence over the past decade which has had significant implications for Egypt's relations with other regional powers.Here Nael Shama identifies the causes of this decline, which include Egypt's economic downturn and deficiencies of its decision-making structures and policymakers. The study draws on a number of regional case studies - such as the erosion of Egypt's interests in the Nile Basin and the Red Sea - to illustrate Egypt's declining diplomatic power along its own borders, and in the wider region. Shama offers a crucial lens into enhancing our understanding of the multiple levels of engagement Egypt has in the Middle East, and the widespread consequences of its decline in influence, while also offering a valuable case study of how declining powers think and act on the international stage.

This book examines the emergence of Urdu as a literary and Poetic language in the 18th century, highlighting its engagement with diverse regional cultures and communities in South Asia. Revisiting the Origins of Urdu Poetry reframes the history of Urdu within the diverse contexts from which it emerged. It places the earliest Urdu poets and their craft in the lively social gatherings, bazaars, shrines, and courts of 18th century South Asia. Through aesthetic analysis and historical contextualization of poems, using primary sources in manuscripts, the authors reveal why everyday vernaculars, multi-lingual puns, alongside the use of courtly Persian and complex metaphors attracted a wide audience for this new literary language.Dhawan and Pauwels re-examine the long-dominant mischaracterization of Urdu as an elite language of South Asian Muslims by analysing the poetic biographies of Vali Dakhani and his contemporaries Fa'iz, Abru and Hatim. The authors reveal how selective attention to a handful of poets and rarefied courtly texts obscured the much more diverse roots of an important vernacular tradition, thereby reconstructing a lost literary network of speakers, poets and participants in Urdu's past.

There are an estimated 6 million Bahá'ís in the world across over 200 countries. Founded by Bahá'u'lláh in 1863 and initially spreading in Persia and parts of the Middle East, the Bahá'í Faith has faced ongoing persecution since its inception. This handbook is the first rigorous and comprehensive study of the Bahá'ís holy text, the Kitáb-i-Aqdas (the "Most Holy Book"). The Kitáb-i-Aqdas was written by Bahá'u'lláh in 1873 and covers the theology, laws and principles that guide the Bahá'í faith. This handbook provides a detailed analysis of the holy book and the foundational Bahá'í teachings and laws. It aims to offer clear explanations for academics, students of religion and general readers on this as-yet little understood religious community.The first part of the handbook is formed of eight chapters and covers key Bahá'í concepts such as the origin, nature and purpose of human beings; the Bahá'í views on God and salvation; the religion's strong connections to Christian and Islamic theology and other world religions; and Bahá'í laws on issues such as prayer, cleanliness, marriage, divorce and inheritance. This part also explains when and how the Kitáb-i-Aqdas was first written and later disseminated and translated. Part Two consists of annotations and commentary on specific laws, terms and concepts that are found in almost every one of the 190 paragraphs of the Kitáb-i-Aqdas. These encyclopedic entries are highly detailed so readers can use the book to investigate specific themes and ideas in depth. Drawing on hundreds of original Arabic, Persian and English sources, including previously unpublished ones, Exploring the Kitáb-i-Aqdas is an exhaustive resource and standard reference work on the most important book of the Bahá'í Faith.

Infused with the dark and strange against the landscapes of Northern England, an unforgettable debut about violence, resilience - and survivalThe three women flinch: feel something pass outside. A reek of singed fur, scorching damp. Flaming eyes. A creature. It knows these women. They feel its wanting.From the river it comes.To the river it always returns.Alex is trying to hold her growing family together with a husband who is becoming more and more difficult to keep happy. Lauren hopes that the new man in her life might present a fresh start for her and her two boys. And Nancy's son has moved her into a care home where she feels entirely out of place, longing for her lost dog while dreaming of her own escape. But there is something else at play here. Something lurking in the water or at the end of an unlit street; a shadow in a bag of strangers' clothing; a chorus of voices calling in the distance. As each woman's world spirals from her grasp, they feel it getting closer, revealing the truth of what binds them together, and what must be done to set each of them free . . .

A revised and expanded second edition of the definitive guide to sunbirds and their relatives. Sunbirds are some of the most striking of all bird families; their dazzling iridescent plumage and long curved bills are conspicuous when the birds visit garden flowers on sunny days to feed on nectar. Some species - especially the females - are duller in appearance and harder to spot, feeding mostly on insects high up in forest canopies. Spiderhunters, as their name suggests, feed extensively on spiders, while sunbirds' other close relatives, the flowerpeckers, are especially partial to mistletoe berries. This new edition has been fully revised and updated to reflect the many developments that have occurred in sunbird taxonomy, as well as the new research that has been published on their biology. It now covers all 218 currently recognised species, providing details of key identification features, voice, habitat, distribution, conservation status, movements, food and behaviour. New colour plates by award-winning artist Richard Allen have been added, and hundreds of high-quality colour photographs beautifully capture both sexes of every species. Maps for each of the subspecies depict their geographical distributions for the first time. This important new edition remains fascinating and essential reading for researchers, birders and conservationists alike.

When the mudlarking gang find a mysterious cutlass on the banks of the Thames, they immediately know that something fishy is afoot. When the cutlass vanishes, and Mrs Drummonds disappears too, it's down to Clem and the gang to find them. The mystery leads them to a band of ghost pirates, who will stop at nothing to find their long-lost treasure. With the help from their friends in the Undercity, the gang must set sail on the seven seas, solve riddles and save the day! This is the third instalment in the critically acclaimed series from award-winning author Katya Balen.

This book offers the first comprehensive analysis of the national and international legal issues surrounding digital assets in enforcement and insolvency.Its primary aim is to ensure that the economic value of digital assets can be fully realised by creditors and other stakeholders through the legal processes and remedies available to them, and that holders of digital assets receive adequate protection. These legal issues are considered in diverse commercial and technical contexts, ranging from native cryptocurrencies held directly, or with custodians and other intermediaries, as well as the interface with traditional finance.The book offers analysis on different levels: 1. It scrutinises the existing legal frameworks in various countries and evaluates the extent to which they can accommodate digital forms of value. 2. It compares the approaches taken in different jurisdictions with international regimes. 3. It considers the cross-border issues of jurisdiction, conflict of laws, and the recognition of judgments.The book provides much-needed responses to the increasing significance of digital assets in modern insolvency and enforcement proceedings. It takes a unique global approach to a wide range of legal perspectives, drawing upon the contributors' experience as leading practitioners, representatives of international organisations, and academics, in common law and civil law jurisdictions around the world. The book identifies the most pressing areas for law reform, and proposes solutions that are both legally robust as well as fit for practical purpose.