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Livestock refers to the domesticated animals in an agricultural setting which are raised by humans to produce commodities such as leather, fur, dairy products, wool, etc. Some common examples of livestock are cows, goats, sheep, buffaloes and pigs. The field which involves breeding, maintenance and slaughtering of livestock is known as animal husbandry. It is one of the major components of modern agriculture. There are many diseases and health issues that affect the livestock such as classical swine fever, scrapie, foot mouth disease, etc. Many measures are taken to avoid such diseases. Vaccines and antibiotics are widely used when required. Good husbandry practices, proper feeding, and hygiene are incorporated which contribute to good livestock health. This book unravels the recent studies in the field of modern livestock and animal health. Different approaches, evaluations, methodologies and advanced studies on modern livestock and animal health have been included in this book. It will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.

The field of study that focuses on the interactions among organisms and their environment is called ecology. It is a branch of biology that overlaps with the disciplines of genetics, ethology and evolutionary biology. The applications of ecology are prevalent in the fields of conservation biology, city planning, wetland management, community health, natural resource management and human social interaction. The understanding of evolution, biodiversity and the need for conservation is vital for a complete understanding of ecology. Adaptation, natural selection, inheritance, populations and life history are some of the concepts intrinsic to both evolutionary biology and ecology. Biodiversity is the variety of life and life's processes. It encompasses the genetic differences among living organisms, the ecosystems and communities they inhabit and the evolutionary and ecological processes required for their subsistence. The conservation and management of biodiversity requires innovative approaches to address the ecological scope of biodiversity. This book contains some path-breaking studies in the field of ecology. It is a valuable compilation of topics, ranging from the basic to the most complex theories and insights in evolution, biodiversity and conservation. It is an essential guide for both academicians and those who wish to pursue this discipline further.

The science of crop breeding delves into the study of genetics of crops to develop desirable characteristics for agriculture and horticulture. Breeding crops is essential for ensuring food security in the context of a growing economy. This is done by developing new crop types that have higher yield, disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance and also higher adaptability to different environments. Classical plant breeding methods have mostly been replaced by modern methodologies of marker-assisted selection, double haploids and genetic modification. The research in the frontiers of genetic modification and transgenic plants is rapidly progressing with the development of innovative biotechnological tools. This book studies, analyses and upholds the pillars of crop breeding and its utmost significance in modern times. The various advancements in this field are glanced at and their applications as well as ramifications are looked at in detail. This book targets geneticists, food scientists, agronomists, molecular biologists, researchers and students associated with this domain.

Medicinal herbs or medicinal plants have been used therapeutically for centuries. They have the chemicals which have pharmaceutical values and can been used to treat many ailments like skin diseases, cold, cough, body aches, fever, etc. The most common materials that are derived from medicinal plants are glycosides, terpenes, alkaloids, polyphenols, etc. This book is compiled in such a manner, that it will provide in-depth knowledge about the usage of medicinal plants. It elucidates new techniques and their applications in a multidisciplinary approach. For someone with an interest and eye for detail, this textbook covers the most significant topics in the field of medicinal plants. It will serve as a reference to a broad spectrum of readers.

Energy is an essential aspect of everyday life. Energy can be produced from renewable as well as non-renewable sources of Energy. The energy produced from non-renewable sources such as coal and petroleum produce pollution which adversely impacts our environment. Therefore, the need of the hour, is to use renewable sources of energy such as sunlight, wind, waves, etc. to meet the primary energy demands. This book attempts to understand the multiple branches that fall under the discipline of renewable energy and how such concepts have practical applications. With state-of-the-art inputs by acclaimed experts of this field, this book targets students and professionals.

Energy that is produced from natural sources is known as sustainable energy. The aim of producing sustainable energy is to meet the demands of our present and future generations without adversely affecting the ecological balance of our planet. Some common forms of natural energy are tidal power, bioenergy, wind energy and geothermal energy. This book strives to provide a fair idea about this discipline and to help develop a better understanding of the latest advances within this field. For all those who are interested in natural energy resources, this book can prove to be an essential guide. The readers would gain knowledge that would broaden their perspective about the subject.

Food science studies the nature of food in terms of its processing, engineering and packaging. It includes the processing involved in developing new food items and various new techniques of packaging. Food science and food engineering can be sub-divided into branches like food chemistry, food physical chemistry, food microbiology, food preservation, etc. This book elucidates the concepts and innovative models around prospective developments with respect to food science and engineering. It will help new researchers by foregrounding their knowledge in this branch. This book attempts to assist those with a goal of delving into this field.

Biogeography is the study of the distribution of plant and animal species on Earth over a period of time. It has two branches, which are phytogeography and zoogeography. This field contributes essential knowledge about the composition of various ecosystems as well as the evolutionary processes and migratory patterns occurring within species over time. Habitat adaptation is an important phenomenon that all living organisms exhibit. Conservation and protection of vulnerable regions is vital for the survival of the various species found on our planet. This book is meant for students who are looking for an elaborate reference text on biogeography. For all readers who are interested in this subject, the case studies included in this book will serve as an excellent guide to develop a comprehensive understanding.

Petrology studies rocks and the conditions leading to their formation. Together with sedimentology, which studies layers of compressed materials such as clay, sand and silt; these disciplines help in the interpretation of the composition of the Earth's surface. Research in this field helps to identify and extract various minerals found in the Earth's crust and mantle. Tectonic and seismic activity occurring inside the Earth can also be studied by researchers in these fields. This book attempts to understand the multiple branches that fall under the discipline of petrology and sedimentology and how such concepts have practical applications. Students, researchers, experts and all associated with these fields will benefit alike from this book.

Microbial engineering is the study of microorganisms and microbial ecology. Microbial engineering has applications in varied areas such as industrial fermentation, microbial degradation, medicine, etc. The study of microbial cultures helps in understanding bacterial and viral resistance against antibiotics and antimicrobials. This book traces the progress of this field and highlights some of its key concepts. It includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world, on various topics related to microbial engineering. Scientists and students actively engaged in this field will find this book full of crucial and unexplored concepts. This book attempts to assist those with a goal of delving into the field of microbial engineering.

Marine biology studies marine organisms, their habitat and physiology. This book studies the fundamental theories and practices related to marine biology. Ecological risk due to pollution and dwindling numbers of aquatic species are causes of concern to marine biologists. Technological advancements in this field have enabled a more concerted effort in understanding the life of aquatic organisms. A number of latest researches have been included in this book on marine biology to keep the readers up-to-date with the global concepts in this area of study. Coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language and extensive use of examples make this book an invaluable source of knowledge.

Soil science studies the texture, classification and formation of soil. The two main branches of this subject are edaphology and pedology. Recent research done in the field of soil science focuses on climate change and resource degradation. Soil quality and fertility play a significant role in agriculture. This book elucidates the role of soil in practicing sustainable agriculture. It aims to serve as a resource guide for students and experts alike and contribute to the growth of the discipline. Coherent flow of topics, student-friendly language and extensive use of examples make it an invaluable source of knowledge.

Agronomy is the application of science and technology for the use of plants for food, land reclamation, fiber etc. It overlaps with related subjects such as plant biotechnology, soil science and plant physiology. This book contains some path-breaking studies in the field of agronomy. It is a vital tool for all researching or studying agronomy and field crops, as it gives incredible insights into emerging trends and concepts. The extensive content of this book provides the readers with a thorough understanding of the subject.

This book is a vital tool for all researching or studying the field of biofuel and renewable energy as it gives incredible insights into emerging trends and concepts related to it. Biofuel is the new form of green energy, which is generated from plants, and plant related activities, like agriculture, cellulosic biomass, bioethanol fermentation, etc. It can be derived from domestic waste, commercial and even industrial waste. From theories to research to practical applications, case studies related to all contemporary topics of relevance to this field have been included in this book. It is a vital tool for all researching and studying this field.

Environmental protection is the practice of protecting our environment. Due to a rise in population, the need for environmental protection has increased. Overconsumption of natural resources and pollution have adversely impacted the environment. This has resulted in the imbalance in our ecosystem which can be observed in the form of global warming, natural hazards, ozone depletion, etc. Thus protecting our environment is a major concern for our scientists. The various studies that are constantly contributing towards advancing technologies and evolution of this field are examined in detail. Through this book, we attempt to further enlighten the readers about the new concepts in this field.

Peptides are short chains of amino acids and are hence also called small proteins. Peptides are very important hormonal functions and regulate the body's metabolism. Peptide hormones trigger the release of fat and the creation of muscles. They also help the body to absorb more amino acids and manage the growth hormone. The research on peptides is very important for those seeking to study human fitness and muscle development. The extensive contents of this book provide the readers with a thorough understanding of the subject. It includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world, on various topics related to peptides.

Earth science as a part of planetary science is a field that includes the study of the geology, ecology, geography, atmosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere of Earth. Some of the branches of Earth science are physical geography, hydrology, glaciology, geophysics, etc. This book unfolds the innovative aspects of Earth science, which will be crucial for the progress of this field in the future. It includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world, on various topics related to the subject. It is meant for students who are looking for an elaborate reference text on Earth science.

The science of growing, maintaining and harvesting plants is known as horticulture. It is an amalgamation of the elements of art, technology and business used to grow plants. The field also includes arboriculture, landscape design, plant conservation, landscape restoration, etc. This book includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world, on various aspects related to horticulture. The topics included in it are of utmost significance and are bound to provide incredible insights about the field. Through this text, readers would gain knowledge that would broaden their perspective about horticulture.

Plant microbiology is a branch of microbiology that studies the benefits of microorganisms found in the soil. Soil microorganisms provide nutrients, improve soil structure and reduce soil erosion. Some of the microorganisms present in the soil are protozoa, actinomycetes, fungi and bacteria. Fungi like mycorrhiza form a mutualistic relationship with the roots of plants and provide constant access to nutrients like glucose, sucrose, iron, etc. This book discusses the fundamentals as well as modern approaches of plant microbiology. It strives to provide a fair idea about this discipline and to help develop a better understanding of the latest advances within this field. Students, researchers, experts and all associated with plant microbiology will benefit alike from this book.

DNA damage is termed as the damage that is caused to DNA by naturally occurring processes such as hydrolysis and metabolism and ultraviolet radiation. DNA repair is the process by which the body rebuilds damaged DNA. The symptoms of DNA damage is the development of lesions which cause breaks in the strands of DNA or remove base pairs from the DNA backbone. Aging, cancer, and apoptosis are long-term symptoms of DNA damage. This book provides significant information of this discipline to help develop a good understanding of DNA damage and repair. It aims to serve as a resource guide for students and experts alike and contribute to the growth of the discipline.

The cultivation of fishes, algae and other aquatic organisms is known as aquaculture. It includes fish farming, algaculture, oyster farming, etc. The methods included in aquaculture mainly are aquaponics and integrated multitrophic aquaculture. The need for sustainable practices in the field of aquaculture increases as the levels of marine pollution rises. This book includes some of the vital pieces of work being conducted across the world, on various topics related to aquaculture. Scientists and students actively engaged in this field will find it full of crucial and unexplored concepts. It will help the readers in keeping pace with the rapid changes in this field.

Agriculture refers to the cultivation of different kinds of plants like vegetables, fruits, nuts, mushrooms, medicinal plants, etc. Agriculture also includes breeding of animals and cultivation of fungi to get biofuel, fiber, and food. It can be classified into intensive farming, shifting cultivation, subsistence farming, and nomadic pastoralism. Food economics is an amalgamation of economical laws into agricultural science. It aims to increase crop yield and sustain the soil ecosystem. This book explores all the important aspects of agriculture and food economics in the present day scenario. The topics included in it are of utmost significance and bound to provide incredible insights to the readers. Scientists and students actively engaged in the field of food economics will find this book full of crucial and unexplored concepts.

Medicine has numerous branches and one of these branches is sports medicine. It is mainly concerned with the fitness and well-being of athletes. Sports medicine deals with the medical conditions that can be faced by sports persons or by people who exercise. Some of the common sports injuries encountered by athletes are muscle cramps, ACL tears, ankle sprains, shin splints, etc. This book provides significant information of this discipline to help develop a good understanding of sports medicine and related fields. Through this book, we attempt to further enlighten the readers about the new concepts in this field.

Molecular biology studies biological activities that occur on a molecular level in a cell. Proteins, DNA and RNA are the primary molecules studied under this field. The interactions along with biosynthesis are closely evaluated in molecular biology. While understanding the long-term perspectives of the topics, the book makes an effort in highlighting their impact as a modern tool for the growth of the discipline. Those in search of information to further their knowledge will be greatly assisted by this book.

Geology is a primary branch of earth science. It studies in detail the structure of Earth. It provides prominent theories and evidence concerning the evolution and history of our planet as well as life on the planet. Geology can be applied to diverse areas such as petroleum exploration, hydrology, mining, etc. The aim of this book is to present researches that have transformed this discipline and aided its advancement. Scientists, geologists and students actively engaged in this field will find this book full of crucial and unexplored concepts.

Waste management is a primary concern of today's era. Waste has a negative impact on health and our environment. Household waste, municipal waste, sewage sludge, hazardous waste, etc. are some of the most popular forms of waste which need to be disposed and managed on a regular basis. Waste recycling, landfill and biological reprocessing are the most common practices of waste management. Most of the topics introduced in this book cover new techniques of waste management. From theories to research to practical applications, case studies related to all contemporary topics of relevance to this field have been included in this book. It is a vital tool for all researching and studying this field.

Sports science studies the importance of exercise and the response of the human body to physical training. It incorporates areas such as anatomy, physiology and biokinetics. Sports science has four disciplines namely physiology of sports performance, biomechanics of sporting movement, sports psychology and sociology of sports. This book covers in detail some existent theories and innovative concepts revolving around sports science. It is an essential guide for both academicians and those who wish to pursue this discipline further.

Remote sensing uses sensors or satellites to acquire information about objects. Doppler radar, LIDAR, radio meters, hyperspectral imaging are some of the most commonly used techniques of this field. Remote sensing is used in a number of fields like military intelligence, hydrology, geography, geology, etc. This book contains some path-breaking studies in the field of remote sensing. A number of latest researches have been included to keep the readers up-to-date with the global concepts in this area of study. It will help the readers in keeping pace with the rapid changes in this field.