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A study of social transformation in central and eastern Europe after 1989. Focusing on Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Russia and Slovakia, the author provides comparative information relating to social structure, mobility, inequality, lifestyle and economic stratification.

This is the first volume of a series of three, containing 11 essays of altogether 43 articles based on the topics of the interdisciplinary conference held in Budapest in 1999.

Ludwik Rajchman, an exponent of humanitarian intervention and a defender of colonized people, inspired the creation of WHO and UNICEF. This biography, written by his great-granddaughter, uses family archives and documentary sources to tell the story of his life.

This volume of oral history contains new information about Stalin's actual and political "family", the political Mafia and the clans around him. The author has interviewed key politicians who survived the Stalin era.

Taken from the precept that there is considerable difference between real and discourse history, Boia argues that the last two centuries of Romanian history have been reconstructed and even mythified from the perspective of the present day.

A re-examination of Russia's agrarian history and failure to transform to a rapidly changing world economy. Using literary, agronomic and statistical information, peasant life is unravelled to demonstrate the inherent limits of farming at that time.

This history of Jewish negotiations with East Germany, regarding compensation for Nazi war crimes, examines the image of Jews in the historical consciousness and political culture of East Germany and the efforts of Jewish organizations to negotiate reparations with the East German state.

A collection of first-person narratives by specialists in the field of education in South-East Europe. The contributors are recognized leaders in civil society, government, academia and schools. It chronicles the profound effect armed conflict, political transition, and the increasing openness the region has experienced on education.

This is a translation of one of very few Russian serfs' memoirs. Savva Purlevskii recollects his life in Russian serfdom during 1800-31 and life of his grandparents, parents, and fellow villagers. He describes family and communal life and the serfs' daily interaction with landlords and state authorities.

This is the first book to document, analyze, and interpret the history of the Warsaw Pact based on the archives of the alliance itself. As suggested by the title, the Soviet bloc military machine that held the West in awe for most of the Cold War does not appear from the inside as formidable as outsiders often believed, nor were its strengths and weaknesses the same at different times in its surprisingly long history, extending for almost half a century.The introductory study by Mastny assesses the controversial origins of the "superfluous" alliance, its subsequent search for a purpose, its crisis and consolidation despite congenital weaknesses, as well as its unexpected demise.Most of the 193 documents included in the book were top secret and have only recently been obtained from Eastern European archives by the PHP project. The majority of the documents were translated specifically for this volume and have never appeared in English before.The introductory remarks to individual documents by co-editor Byrne explain the particular significance of each item. A chronology of the main events in the history of the Warsaw Pact, a list of its leading officials, a selective multilingual bibliography, and an analytical index add to the importance of a publication that sets the new standard as a reference work on the subject and facilitate its use by both students and general readers.

This book, like in classical times of Plato and Aristotle, treats individual and communal ethics as intertwined. At its heart lies the quartet of respect, concern for welfare of others, trust, and care as the basic communal ties. The community needs to be built on these. Acquisition and practice of other values and goods are within the frame of the four underlying "pillars." The four basic notions are attitudes and as such consist of both rational and emotional elements. Thus our ethics is neither based purely on sentiment nor purely on reason. As such they will yield us guidelines, to be filled in contextually, not rigid rule systems. Moravcsik's proposal for ethics is pluralistic but not relativistic. It does not deny some objective ground for sound communal life, but leaves many alternatives within which the four basic ties can be implemented.

The authors of this outstanding scholarly work analyze the dynamics of disinflation in transition economies in Central and Eastern Europe. The volume covers all the key factors of this process: changes in money supply and money demand; exchange rate policy; currency crisis; fiscal policy; legal status of central banks; monetary policy strategy; changes in relative prices and changes in nominal and real wages. The book contains 13 chapters related to various aspects of disinflation and covering different sets of transition countries depending on their relevance to the analyzed topic and data availability.

A work in the relatively new field of economic sociology, the author claims that the publicity-driven "Gratis Economy", perhaps the greatest wealth creator in history, is integrating into the conventional non-profit sector.

Covers the changing patterns of Russia's modern history from Peter the Great's westernization to the rise of new "irrational" philosophies in the early 20th century. Writer's and filmakers are analysed to uncover the nature of the metamorphosis within Russia's changing history and culture.

This work is an indictment of the partition of Bosnia-Herzegovina, formalized in 1995 by the Dayton Accord. It examines why Western liberal democracies have regarded with sympathy the struggles of Serbia and Croatia for national recognition.

Addressing the function of national identity in a modern society, two concepts of the origin of the nation are examined - political and ethnic. Using studies of ethnic minorities and their national attitiudes, the author concludes that national cultures are either `open' or `closed'.

Successful transition for any post-communist country is reliant upon market, government and the civil sector. This study of the Czech Republic highlights the early transitional mistakes made during the Klaus era with respect to the role of these sectors.

In the past 50 years every Central and Eastern European society has been subject to transformation. Initially, Hungary was transformed by Communist modernization, then by the collapse of the Communist regime. This text looks at the impact institutional change has had on ordinary people's lives.

The life of Oscar Jaszi represents one of the great triumphs of reason over violence, regardless of the defeat of his vision for a 'Danubian Federation,' and his subsequent exile. This book presents a biography of a man, who fought for liberal ideals and for progress in Central Europe but was forced to spend the latter half of his life in America.

Addresses the history of British policy towards Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Poland following the creation of nation states in Central Europe at the end of the First World War. Lojko argues that the absence of trust in the political settlement and the discrediting of the traditional channels of diplomacy resulted in British influence in the region.

The first of a series on European Union Law, it provides a detailed overview of the development of a new European Common Law. The authors deal with the transposition of concepts and the problem of translation. Each chapter is accompanied by a bibliography in Italian as well as in English, French and German suggesting further reading in each area.

Emphasizing the importance of popular culture and the wealth of knowledge that can be gained through an analysis of the daily lives and practices of individuals, this book serves as an introduction to Czech popular culture. It includes six hundred entries, cross-referenced to allow readers to pursue particular topics in greater depth.

Between 1900 and 1990, there were several periods of grain and other food shortages in Russia and the former Soviet Union, some of which reached disaster proportions resulting in mass famine and death on an unprecedented scale. This title explores the extent to which policy and vagaries in climate conspired to affect agricultural yields.

A collection of essays about the many faces of violence during and after the Cold War. The main themes are war and peace, totalitarianism and nationalism. It concludes with a balance sheet of the 20th century and looks into elements of order and disorder in the current international system.

The story of one man's experiences during the Holocaust of Jews in Hungary in 1944. It provides a compassionate, yet non-judgmental, insight into the daily horrors suffered by all Hungarian Jews during this time.

This volume of essays is dedicated to George Soros in honour of his 70th birthday. The authors come from different worlds of academia, politics and business. The editors have chosen the title to encourage the contributors to adopt a dialogue-oriented approach.

Twentieth-century Southeastern Europe endured three, separate decades of international and civil war, and was marred in forced migration and wrenching systematic changes. This volume is the result of a yearlong project by the Open Society Institute to examine and reappraise this tumultuous century.

This volume adds to the historiography of the 1956 Hungarian revolution. Based on a multinational scholarly research effort, these formerly secret materials from the archives of both sides of the Cold War offer insights from a variety of national, bureaucratic and personal perspectives.

Until the previous decade, constitutionalism in Eastern Europe was considered to be an outmoded concept of the nineteenth century. Changes in the region, however, have brought back the fundamental question of the need to restrict government power through social self-binding.This book discusses the mechanisms of such restriction, including different forms of the separation of powers and constitutional review. It relates the theoretical and practical importance of the issue to the present world-wide discontent with majoritarian democracy and the growing disrepute of parliaments. Increasing executive efficiency is, however, a threat to fundamental rights, and the battlecry of efficiency is often only a means to new despotism and inefficiency. A careful re-evaluation of the concept of constitutionalism assists in the search for a useful balance between majoritarianism and rights, and in the avoidance of all forms of public tyranny.Written in non-technical language and using the most important English, American, French, and German examples of constitutional history, the book also examines East European (in particular, Russian) and Latin American examples, in part to illustrate certain dead-ends in constitutional development. It is intended to be an introduction for all those concerned with liberty.