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Throughout the history of Western philosophy, events have most often been assigned a secondary or derivative status with respect to substances or subjects, which are taken to underwrite them. An event, for instance, is understood to be a modification of the attributes of a substance. Linguistically, this framework is replicated in our grammar: a sentence begins with a subject and a predicate, while an event is represented as a change in predicate. However, since the 1930s, a number of philosophers have argued that no ontology can be sufficient without assigning events a primary, fundamental, and ontologically positive status in their own right.1 Remarkably, many have further argued that no ontology can be sufficient without assigning being an evental nature itself.2 In other words, they have advanced what I will call "evental ontologies." Many of the central texts arguing for evental ontologies are exceptionally difficult to interpret, and this is often a result of the way their arguments undermine the technical vocabulary of the tradition and its grammar built around subject predication. As a consequence, the reasons for taking such a position are frequently glossed over in relevant scholarship, which opts for either uncritical adoption of the terminology of evental ontologies or the dismissal of them on the grounds of their conceptual obscurity and seeming contrivance.
This is a study of Iris Murdoch's moral philosophy. As such it does not address her substantial output as a novelist, playwright, and poet-26 novels between her first, Under the Net (1954) and her last, Jackson's Dilemma (1995), six plays including A Severed Head (1964), The Italian Girl (1969), both adapted from her novels of the same name, and Acastos: Two Platonic Dialogues (1986), two collections of poems (1978 and 1997 respectively)-nor her fascinating life-story. Rather, what this work aims to do is to clarify Murdoch's often dense philosophical prose and evaluate her (moral) philosophy with special emphasis on the role that fiction plays within her theory. 1 The second primary aim of what follows is to situate Murdoch in a larger tradition of ethical thought by showing how she builds on, deviates from, and develops themes from said tradition. To this end some effort is spent, in what follows, to try to pinpoint influences from, and reactions to, a large and eclectic group of thinkers. Even though this volume is concerned with the connections between morality and fiction, I will confine myself to the study of Murdoch's philosophical works without relating this to her novels. The primary reason for this is that the interpretative openness of her novels might well mislead rather than clarify. On such concerns regarding Murdoch and further motivations for the stance taken here see Hämäläinen (2016a: 152-154)
"We start with atomic parts, but these atomic parts have transitions, passages, 'tendencies,' which circulate from one to another. These tendencies give rise to habits. Isn't this the answer to the question 'what are we?' We are habits, nothing but habits-the habit of saying 'I.' Perhaps, there is no more striking answer to the problem of the Self" (Gilles Deleuze). The above passage from Gilles Deleuze encapsulates the major ideas of my dissertation. He begins the problem of a "self" not with identity or body, but with its compositional nature. However, he also does not focus on these "atomic parts" as merely reductive identities constituting a self, but rather their relationships with one another. He wants to know first and foremost about the communicative aspects that work below the scale of the self. It is thus crucial that he selected the words, tendencies, and habits, both aspects of behavior that could be construed as non-conscious because they occur primarily at the level of affection, or a body's capacity to produce and be productive of change. My project is primarily concerned with how we affect and are affected by machines. Like the above passage, I am interested in the compositional parts that make up both human and machine identities, as well as how those parts connect the two across the divide of being a living human being vs. being a machine devoid of the qualities of life and humanity. The dissertation will discuss this human/machine binary as resting on a fundamental problematic of communication-namely an ability or inability to self-express or communicate an identity that puts a body on one side or the other of the binary.
Albert Einstein approached questions in physics with philosophy in mind, as did many pioneers of quantum theory such Heisenberg and Niels Bohr. These people who revolutionized quantum theory, physics, and knowledge as a whole practiced physics with a di¿erent 'style' than is predominant today. Of late, it appears as though physics and philosophy are at odds. Many of the world's most celebrated physicists (such as Stephen Hawking, Richard Feynman, and Steven Weinberg) have publicly denounced philosophy as useless, fickle, and obsolete. The quotation below is a poignant example of what I argue is a widespread contemporary attitude toward the integration of physics and philosophy
Bullying as a construct has been under the lens of developmental psychology since many years. It is yet another form of abuse, sometimes subtle and undercurrent and sometimes violent and aggressive. There is a certain imbalance of sense of control or power which may be real or perceived. There have been numerous reported and unreported cases of bullying leading to grave consequences globally.
Himachal Pradesh, a Queen of Hills and Fruit bowl of India is also considered as the place of peace and spirituality wherein unity exists in diversity. The people of different religion (Hindu, Muslim, Sikh and Christian) in this hill landscape have mammoth beliefs in paranormal entities (spirits, deities/Solah savnis/devtas, Allah, Waheguru, Lord, Jinn, Bhootpret, Angel, Witchcraft) and their agents (Mali/Ojha/Shaman, Pandit, Pir, Faqir, Granthis & Fathers) those according to them fetch good luck, prosperity, peace and progress in their life. The peoples of this hill state have immutable belief in paranormal phenomenon and their agents who play vital role in reconciliation of socio-emotional conflicts to promote their wellbeing. Therefore, in the present study a pioneer attempt has been made to study the Folk beliefs, locus of control and wellbeing among Hindu, Muslim, Sikh and Christian People by assessing the role of folk agents like as mentioned above in ameliorating socio-psychological conflicts. The study has been conducted in Himachal Pradesh on 400 people in two stages. In the first stage N = 240 subject (60 Hindu, 60 Muslim, 60 Sikh and 60 Christian) were selected and initially subdivided into two categories based on education (30 High Educated + 30 Low Educated) and later on the basis of Gender (15 Men and 15 Women) in each group. In all there were 16 groups with n = 15 subjects in each group selected on the basis of 4 x 2 x 2 factorial design. Purposive sampling was used in the present study. These subjects were assessed quantitatively by using paranormal beliefs, Spiritual health locus of control, Socioemotional conflict reconciliation, psychological distress, depression happiness, Spiritual well being and general wellbeing scales. In stage two qualitative analysis was performed on the 160 subjects (40 Hindu, 40 Muslim, 40 Sikh and 40 Christian) further subdivided on the basis of Gender (20 Men and 20 Women) in each group. There were eight group with n = 20 subject in each that comprised of aforesaid sample. These subjects were assessed with help of participant observation, interview, and case studies to know their physical, social, and psychological problems. Therefore in the present study both qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed. Results based on ANOVA 4 x 2 x 2 revealed that the main effect of Religion on the measure of Paranormal belief was found F (3, 224=30.99, p
Our visual world is abound with distinct stimuli, which have different semantics and valance and from these we select only those stimuli which are meaningful and relevant to us. The cognitive process specifically involved in this selection is known as attention. Whereas, Consciousness can be understood as the state of arousal in which persons or animals are mentally receptive to signals coming from the surrounding environment (Pacherie, 2004). Baars (1997) have mentioned several contents which can be included as construct of consciousness like perception of the world around us, visual images, talking silently to ourselves, memory of events in our life, our beliefs about the world, day to day activities and attitude towards others.
Marriage is an antiquated practice, in spite of the fact that its importance may have changed all through reality. The word 'marriage' signifies a legitimate relationship between one man and one woman as a couple, and the word 'life partner' alludes just to an individual of the contrary sex who is a spouse or wife. As indicated by Vries. Marriage is more than adoration. Marriage comprises of a real existence of exertion and concern, felicitation and despairing, disease and wellbeing. It comprises of being youthful and getting to be old, managing little and enormous issues, adapting to inner and outer hardships and dangers and a great deal of days, weeks, months, and years are lived together and it takes a lot of patience. As per a new research published by Emily Dixon (2019), married people have better mental and physical health at older ages than unmarried people.
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