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The machinery that controls how DNA is packaged and genes are activated plays an important role in cancer. This book examines the functions of components of this machinery, how they can be dysregulated, and the prospects for targeting them therapeutically.

Using R at the Bench: Step-by-Step Data Analytics for Biologists is a convenient bench-side handbook for biologists, designed as a handy reference guide for elementary and intermediate statistical analyses using the free/public software package known as "R." This handbook for working scientists provides a simple refresher for those who have forgotten what they once knew and an overview for those wishing to use more quantitative reasoning in their research. Statistical methods, as well as guidelines for the interpretation of results, are explained using simple examples. Throughout the book, examples are accompanied by detailed R commands for easy reference.

Hepatitis B affects hundreds of millions of individuals worldwide and is a leading cause of liver cancer. This book examines our understanding of the biology of the Hepatitis B virus that causes the disease, the immune responses it elicits, and its role in liver cancer. It also discusses the related Hepatitis Delta virus and its effects.

Fungal infections affect millions of individuals worldwide. They a particular danger to immunocompromised individuals, such as those with HIV/AIDS, and invasive infections often have a mortality rate greater than 50%. This book examines our understanding of the biology of the major fungal pathogens, together with the host response, epidemiology of fungal diseases and current treatment strategies.

Retinal disorders are a leading cause of blindness. This book examines the molecular basis of these diseases, focusing on genetic approaches that are improving both our understanding of the disease process and their diagnosis, as well as advances in gene therapy that have been used to cure patients and provide a model for treatment of other conditions.

As universities increasingly spin off biotech companies and academics work more closely with these companies and the pharma industry, it is essential that they gain an understanding of intellectual property law and patenting. This book introduces the basic ideas and discusses how they apply to biomedical research and product development in the age of genomics.

Recent work has improved our understanding of the molecular and cellular bases of heart development and function. This book discusses these advances and the implications for diagnosis and treatment of heart disease, including stem cell therapy, tissue engineering, and transplantation.

Neuroscientists must now routinely use advanced molecular biology and tissue culture techniques in their research. This book provides a detailed practical guide to both fundamental and cutting-edge methods in these areas. Aimed specifically at neuroscientists, it includes protocols for working with DNA and RNA, cell purification and tissue culture, and microscopy, as well as numerous organism-specific techniques.

Receptor tyrosine kinases are cell-surface receptors that respond to numerous hormones and growth factors, including insulin, insulin-like growth factors, epidermal growth factor, and nerve growth factor. They activate highly conserved intracellular signaling pathways that regulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and metabolism, playing essential roles in developing and adult animals. This book examines the nature of these receptors and their ligands, the molecular mechanisms that they regulate within cells, and the roles of the receptors in normal physiology and control of embryogenesis. It also discusses how dysfunction of these mechanisms can contribute to cancer and other diseases.

The majority of PhDs trained in biomedical sciences do not remain in academia. They are now presented with a broad variety of career options, including science journalism, publishing, science policy, patent law, and many more. This book examines the numerous different careers that scientists leaving the bench can pursue, from the perspectives of individuals who have successfully made the transition. In each case, the book sets out what the job involves and describes the qualifications and skills sets required.

Cell death plays a critical role in development, normal physiology and many diseases, including cancer. Research in this area is rapidly advancing and involves a variety of specific techniques. This manual provides a step-by-step guide to these techniques, along with background information informing researchers when they should be used.

In the 1920s, the groundwork was laid for a uniquely Russian approach to medical genetics and (the foundation of) the world's leading center for the study of human genetics and susceptibility to disease. The immense success of the movement, which is little known even to Russians, is brought to life in V.V. Babkov's The Dawn of Human Genetics, as is its dramatic and violent end, which resulted in the purge of many of the country's finest biologists and a major setback to the development of science internationally.

Parkinson's Disease is an incurable neurodegenerative disease characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons that leads to slowness of movement, muscle rigidity, and tremors. Insoluble aggregates of proteins such as alpha-synuclein accumulate in the affected neurons, which also appear to be subject to oxidative stress. This collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine discusses recent work that has begun to uncover the molecular mechanisms that underlie the condition, including studies that implicate dysfunction of mitochondrial proteins such as parkin and pink1.

The behavior of lymphocytes in the immune system depends on encounters with antigens. These bind to immunoreceptors on the surface of T-cells and B-cells, activating a variety of signal transduction pathways that control cell survival, proliferation, differentiation, and effector functions. Written and edited by experts in the field, this volume is essential reading for systems biologists as well as all immunologists and cell biologists interested in understanding how lymphocytes function.

Immune tolerance ensures that the immune system responds to foreign molecules and not to self-molecules. When tolerance breaks down, severe, self-destructive diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and multiple sclerosis may develop. Understanding the mechanisms involved in establishing and maintaining immune tolerance is essential for effectively treating these autoimmune diseases. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology reviews how self- tolerant T- and B-cell populations are produced. The contributors discuss the elimination of autoreactive lymphocytes during their development in the thymus and bone marrow, the suppression of autoreactive cells by regulatory T cells in the periphery, and intrinsic mechanisms that produce clonal anergy. The roles of dendritic cells in antigen presentation and mechanisms that prevent autoreactivity in natural killer cells are also covered. Including discussions of autoimmune diseases, their genetic bases, and therapeutic strategies, this volume is a valuable reference for all immunologists and clinicians wishing to understand or develop treatments for autoimmune diseases.

World-renowned in the fields of population genetics, bacterial genomics, paleontology, human genetics, and developmental biology, the authors have elegantly synthesized molecular biology and evolutionary biology to produce a thoroughly integrated and current text. This new (textbook) is among the best.--"Nature." Full color.