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The Journal of Applied Logics - IfCoLog Journal of Logics and their Applications (FLAP) covers all areas of pure and applied logic, broadly construed. All papers published are open access, and available via the College Publications website. This Journal is open access, and available in both printed and electronic formats. It is published by College Publications, on behalf of IfCoLog (www.ifcolog.net).

Does the Chinese academic discourse on human rights differ from the official one as put forward by the Chinese government? How do Chinese legal theories justify the attribution of human rights and their protection through the law in the context of an authoritarian state? Do Chinese academic theorisations on rights and the law have any capacity to influence the wider public debate in China despite the ideological constraints and censorship imposed on academics by the party in power? In order to answer these questions, this book explores the theories of law and rights by contemporary Chinese legal scholars, paying particular attention to their views on the rule of law and the explanation of rights. It investigates the ways in which legal scholars have made use of arguments from the rediscovered Chinese traditional jurisprudence, the liberal tradition, and the Marxist-Leninist-Maoist canon.

The Journal of Applied Logics - IfCoLog Journal of Logics and their Applications (FLAP) covers all areas of pure and applied logic, broadly construed. All papers published are open access, and available via the College Publications website. This Journal is open access, and available in both printed and electronic formats. It is published by College Publications, on behalf of IfCoLog (www.ifcolog.net).

Justification logics are closely related to modal logics and can be viewed as a refinement of the latter with machinery for justification manipulation. Justifications are represented directly in the language by terms, which can be interpreted as formal proofs in a deductive system, evidence for knowledge, winning strategy in a game, etc. This more expressive language proved beneficial in both proof theory and epistemology and helped investigate problems ranging from a classical provability semantics for intuitionistic logic to the logical omniscience problem.Justification logic is a new and fast evolving field that offers unexpected new approaches and insights into old problems. Its position at the junction of mathematics, philosophy, and computer science makes it of interest to a wide audience.This book provides a rigorous introduction to justification logic. It covers the basic constructions of justification logic as well as epistemic models and provability semantics. Further it includes chapters on decidability and complexity of justification logics as well as a chapter on self-referentiality. It also contains detailed historic remarks on the subject.

This book provides an introduction to several mathematical topics of importance in Computer Science but often considered to be outside the scope of traditional Discrete Methods courses. It offers basic treatments of Calculus, Complex Numbers, Statistics, and Linear Algebra with a particular emphasis on Spectral Methods.The presentation is intended for students with minimal mathematical background. Its principal aim being to emphasize the significant applications in modern CS for which some awareness of these fields is essential, e.g. Machine Learning, Data Science, Computational Game Theory, and Optimization. The focus is, therefore, directed towards applications in CS rather than detailed mathematical exposition.About the author: Paul Dunne is a Professor of CS at the University of Liverpool where he has worked since 1985. He studied CS at the University of Edinburgh (1977-1981) and completed his PhD research at Warwick University (1981-1984). In his time at Liverpool he has had experience in teaching all levels of undergraduate from first year through to Honours year presenting courses on Computability and Complexity Theory, Algorithms, Operating Systems, and the topic of the present book. He has published research in a range of fields from Boolean Function complexity, phase transition phenomena, AI and Law, complexity in multiagent systems, and has recently been most active in the area of models of Computational Argument.

This volume of the Logica Yearbook series brings together articles presented at the annual international symposium Logica 2018, Hejnice, the Czech Republic. The articles range over mathematical and philosophical logic, history and philosophy of logic, and the analysis of natural language.

This volume represents a homage to Cristina Burani. She dedicated her research activity mainly to the cognitive processes underlying single word recognition and reading, by exploring both the morpho-lexical and the sublexical variables involved. The contributions to this volume reflect the broad range of interests that have characterised Cristina's scientific life. Cristina Burani is Research Director at the ISTC (Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies), CNR (National Research Council) in Rome. This volume arises from the scientific meeting held in June 2019 to honour her formal retirement. The program dealt with the main topics of Cristina Burani's scientific career, central to Italian Psycholinguistics. During her career, Cristina oriented, inspired and collaborated with many researchers and established the field of Psycholinguistics as an active research area in Italy. This book expresses the admiration and the acknowledgment of her influence on Italian research.

The Journal of Applied Logics - IfCoLog Journal of Logics and their Applications (FLAP) covers all areas of pure and applied logic, broadly construed. All papers published are open access, and available via the College Publications website. This Journal is open access, and available in both printed and electronic formats. It is published by College Publications, on behalf of IfCoLog (www.ifcolog.net).

The Journal of Applied Logics - IfCoLog Journal of Logics and their Applications (FLAP) covers all areas of pure and applied logic, broadly construed. All papers published are open access, and available via the College Publications website. This Journal is open access, and available in both printed and electronic formats. It is published by College Publications, on behalf of IfCoLog (www.ifcolog.net).

The Journal of Applied Logics - IfCoLog Journal of Logics and their Applications (FLAP) covers all areas of pure and applied logic, broadly construed. All papers published are open access, and available via the College Publications website. This Journal is open access, and available in both printed and electronic formats. It is published by College Publications, on behalf of IfCoLog (www.ifcolog.net).

Logic and philosophy of logic have increasingly become areas of research and great interest in Latin America and Spain, where significant work has been done and continues to be done in both of these fields. The goal of this volume is to draw attention to this work through a collection of original and unpublished papers by specialists from Latin America and Spain.Some of the papers are of importance for set-theory and model theory. They cover topics such as the foundations of paraconsistency, the use of paraconsistent logic as a basis for set-theory, and the methodological aspects in both the justi¿cation of new axioms in set theory and the formalization of pre-theoretic notions. Other papers are related to epistemic logic. They deal with the issues of abduction and the choice of the simplest hypothesis, the definition of group probability, and the nature of explanation and understanding in such logic. There are also papers on logical paradoxes, the semantics of names (including fictional names), and the nature of relations. Max A. Freund is Professor of Logic and Philosophy at the University of Costa Rica and the National University of Costa Rica. He is co-author of the book Modal Logic: its syntax and semantics (Oxford University Press, 2008), as well as the author of Judicial Logic (Costa Rica Institute of Technology Press, 2007), and of a forthcoming book The Logic of Sortals (Springer, 2019).Max Fernandez de Castro is Professor of Logic and Philosophy at the Autonomous Metropolitan University of Mexico (at Iztapalapa). He is the author of the book Quine y la Ontología Abstracta (Porrúa, 2003) and co-author of the books Lógica Matemática I: lógica proposicional, intuicionista y modal (País, 2011), Lógica Matemática II: clásica, intuicionista y modal (País, 2011), Teoría de Conjuntos, Lógica y Temas Afines I (UAM Press, 2013). Marco Ruffino is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Campinas (UNICAMP, Brazil) and the editor of Manuscrito, the Brazilian international journal for Analytic Philosophy. He has many publications, in important philosophical journals, in the philosophy of language, of logic, and of mathematics; in the history of analytic philosophy, and on Frege and Wittgenstein.

Factual reasoning is reasoning with statements that are certain, called facts. Classical propositional logic is often used for such reasoning. However classical propositional logic has two faults. Its most serious fault is the irrational way it behaves when the statements are inconsistent. The second, less serious, fault is that there is an intuitive understanding of the meaning of 'follows from' that classical propositional logic does not capture. Various new consistent subsets of a set of inconsistent statements are investigated. This yields new more rational propositional logics for factual reasoning that capture the missing intuitive meaning of 'follows from'.Logics that do factual reasoning have properties that can be expressed by using consequence functions. A consequence function is meant to be a function whose input is a set of formulas and whose output is the set of consequences of those formulas. However, there is no adequate definition of what a consequence function is. A new definition of what a consequence function should be is proposed and shown to have many desirable properties.Plausible reasoning is reasoning with statements that are either facts, or are likely, called defeasible statements. Moreover all defeasible statements have the same likelihood; hence there are no numbers, like probabilities, involved. Many principles of plausible reasoning are suggested and several important plausible reasoning examples are considered. A propositional logic is defined that satisfies all the principles and reasons correctly with all the examples. As far as we are aware, this is the only such logic.

This volume is a homage to the computer scientist and philosopher Tarcísio Haroldo Cavalcante Pequeno. Tarcísio dedicated his research to subjects ranging from logic to philosophy through artificial intelligence, theoretical computer science and language. His main contributions were in nonmonotonic and paraconsistent logics, especially the study of negation; algebraic approaches to the semantics of programming languages, applications of intuitions from game semantics to automatic theorem proving; tableaux methods for paraconsistent logics and the role of rule following and rule consciousness in cognition, motivated by his interest in philosophy and the problem of demarcation of rationality. The contributions to this volume reflect the broad range of interests characteristic of Tarcísio's scientific interests. Topics include relations between logic and category theory, specifications of model checkers, philosophy of paraconsistent logics, epistemic logic, abstract argumentation semantics, natural language processing, foundations of mathematics, philosophical aspects of natural language processing, philosophy of logic and language, metaphysics, philosophy of science. During the last forty years, Tarcísio oriented, inspired and collaborated with many researchers and established the field of logic as an active research area in Northeast Brazil. This book expresses the admiration of his colleagues and the recognition of his influence on their academic lives.

In a career that spans 60 years so far, W.W. Tait has made many highly influential contributions to logic, the philosophy of mathematics, and their history. The present collection of new essays - contributed by former students, colleagues, and friends - is a Festschrift, i.e., a celebration of his life and work. The essays address a variety of themes prominent in his work or related to it. The collection starts with an introduction in which Tait's contributions are sketched and put into context. The eleven essays that follow are arranged in three parts: Part I. Proof Theory and its History; Part II. Logic and Philosophy of Mathematics; and Part III. History of Logic and Philosophy of Mathematics. Each of the essays contributes substantially to one or several of these areas. The authors included are: Steve Awodey, Solomon Feferman, Michael Friedman, Warren Goldfarb, Geoffrey Hellman, William Howard, Stephen Menn, Rebecca Morris, Charles Parsons, Erich Reck, Thomas Ricketts, and Wilfried Sieg. The editor, Erich H. Reck is Professor of Philosophy at the University of California at Riverside.

An Introduction to Ontology Engineering introduces the student to a comprehensive overview of ontology engineering, and offers hands-on experience that illustrate the theory. The topics covered include: logic foundations for ontologies with languages and automated reasoning, developing good ontologies with methods and methodologies, the top-down approach with foundational ontologies, and the bottomup approach to extract content from legacy material, and a selection of advanced topics that includes Ontology-Based Data Access, the interaction between ontologies and natural languages, and advanced modelling with fuzzy and temporal ontologies. Each chapter contains review questions and exercises, and descriptions of two group assignments are provided as well.The textbook is aimed at advanced undergraduate/postgraduate level in computer science and could fi t a semester course in ontology engineering or a 2-week intensive course. Domain experts and philosophers may fi nd a subset of the chapters of interest, or work through the chapters in a different order.Maria Keet is an Associate Professor with the Department of Computer Science, University of Cape Town, South Africa. She received her PhD in Computer Science in 2008 at the KRDB Research Centre, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Italy. Her research focus is on knowledge engineering with ontologies and Ontology, and their interaction with natural language and conceptual data modelling, which has resulted in over 100 peer-reviewed publications. She has developed and taught multiple courses on ontology engineering and related courses at various universities since 2009.

This book is a Festschrift dedicated to Guillermo Ricardo Simari on the occasion of his 70th birthday. It contains contributions by his students, colleagues, and friends.The articles, written by computer scientists, mathematicians, and philosophers address recent research in the area of knowledge representation and reasoning, in particular in topics such as argumentation, belief revision, and non-monotonic reasoning.

The Journal of Applied Logics - IfCoLog Journal of Logics and their Applications (FLAP) covers all areas of pure and applied logic, broadly construed. All papers published are open access, and available via the College Publications website. This Journal is open access, and available in both printed and electronic formats. It is published by College Publications, on behalf of IfCoLog (www.ifcolog.net).

The Journal of Applied Logics - IfCoLog Journal of Logics and their Applications (FLAP) covers all areas of pure and applied logic, broadly construed. All papers published are open access, and available via the College Publications website. This Journal is open access, and available in both printed and electronic formats. It is published by College Publications, on behalf of IfCoLog (www.ifcolog.net).

Logic deals with the fundamental notions of truth and falsity. Modal logic arose from the philosophical study of "modes of truth" with the two most common modes being "necessarily true" and "possibly true". Research in modal logic now spans philosophy, computer science, and mathematics, using techniques from relational structures, universal algebra, topology, and proof theory. These proceedings record the papers presented at the 2018 conference on Advances in Modal Logic, a biennial conference series with the aim of reporting important new developments in pure and applied modal logic. The topics include decidability and complexity results, proof theory, model theory, interpolation, as well as other related problems in algebraic logic.

DEON 2018's special focus is "Deontic reasoning for responsible AI". The successes of Artificial Intelligence over the last few years have brought to the fore a new and important application area for deontic logic: Responsible AI. On the one hand, this concerns systems for checking and proving responsibility characteristics of artificial intelligent agents and their designs, and on the other hand, it concerns responsible decision making and machine ethics. This DEON's special theme "Deontic reasoning for responsible AI" solicits contributions that address issues related to these two subjects. Topics of interest in this special theme include, but are not limited to: * moral decision making * norm awareness * accountability * explainability * causal and probabilistic theories of responsibility * operationalizations of ethical theories * collective responsibility * grades of responsibility

The present collection of papers and critical studies by Prof. Guillermo E. Rosado Haddock under the title Unorthodox Analytic Philosophy brings together both older studies and recent papers on Husserl, Frege, Carnap, Kant and other philosophers, as well as contributions of the author to central problems in the philosophy of logic, the philosophy of mathematics, and semantics. All papers are written in the tradition of rigorous philosophy, conscious of the developments of the more exact sciences, but completely free from the prejudices of empiricist and anti-Platonist ideology.

Do we live in a quantum universe? Or a classical relativistic universe? Or a universe that is somehow a hybrid of the two?The papers collected in Quantum Heresies argue that it is quantum all the way down, and probably all the way up, too. Peacock criticizes the orthodox view that quantum mechanics and relativity stand in a relation of ‘peaceful coexistence’, and argues that new concepts of simultaneity are needed in order to think about time and causation in the radically nonlocal world that quantum mechanics reveals.Papers in collaboration with John Woods and Brian Hepburn explore the logic of quantum mechanics and the dynamics of entangled states, and an Envoi points to the work still to be done.

This volume of the Logica Yearbook series brings together articles presented at the annual international symposium Logica 2017, Hejnice, the Czech Republic. The articles range over mathematical and philosophical logic, history and philosophy of logic, and the analysis of natural language.

Perhaps the most counterintuitive property of classical logic (as well as of its most famous rival, intuitionistic logic) is the fact that it allows the inference of any proposition from a single pair of contradicting statements. A lot of work and efforts have been devoted over the years to develop alternatives to classical logic that do not have this drawback. Those alternatives are nowadays called `paraconsistent systems', and the corresponding research area --- paraconsistent reasoning.The purpose of this book is to provide a comprehensive methodological presentation of the rich mathematical theory that exists by now concerning the mostfundamental part of paraconsistent reasoning: propositional (monotonic) logics. Among those logics it mainly concentrates on those which are effective(in the sense that they are decidable, have a concrete semantics, and can be equipped with implementable analytic proof systems).The first part of the book defines in precise terms all the basic notions that are related to paraconsistency, after reviewing all the necessary preliminaries. The other parts describe in detail all of the main approaches to the subject. This includes finite-valued semantics (both truth functional and non-deterministic);logics of formal inconsistency; relevant logics; constructive paraconsistent logics which are based on positive intuitionistic logic; and paraconsistent logics which are based on modal logics. The book covers thousands of paraconsistent logics, each of which is studied both from a semantical and from a prooftheoretical points of view. In addition, most of those logics are characterized in terms of minimality or maximality properties that they may have.

The Journal of Applied Logics - IfCoLog Journal of Logics and their Applications (FLAP) covers all areas of pure and applied logic, broadly construed. All papers published are open access, and available via the College Publications website. This Journal is open access, and available in both printed and electronic formats. It is published by College Publications, on behalf of IfCoLog (www.ifcolog.net).

The Handbook of Normative Multiagent Systems presents a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art and trends in the research field of normative multiagent systems (NorMAS). The handbook provides a solid introduction to the essentials of the field for newcomers and a selection of advanced issues as a base for future research directions.Norms are widely used to represent ethical, legal, and interactive aspects of social systems. Normative multiagent systems provide a promising model for human and artificial agent coordination since they integrate norms and individual intelligence. Thus, in the NorMAS community we build upon computer science but also logic, legal theory, sociology, psychology, and cognitive science.The handbook is organised in four parts. The introduction part describes the foundations and the history of the field and adds a particular focus on the social sciences' view on norms.The second part describes the major achievements the NorMAS research fi eld attained in the modelling of normative multiagent systems and the main challenges still open. Examples of these challenges include how to specify norms, verify systems of norms, model norm emergence and norm change, detect and subsequently manage norm violations, model organisations and institutions, and the use of agent-based simulation models to study these norm-related processes.Part C is concerned with the engineering of normative multiagent systems, more in particular interaction protocols to convey normative meaning and how to computationally organise normative multiagent systems.The final part is concerned with logically analyzing normative multiagent systems. Given the profound importance of norms in multiagent systems, it is fundamental to understand, e.g., which norms are valid in certain environments, how to interpret them, and to determine the deontic conclusions of such norms.

The Journal of Applied Logics - IfCoLog Journal of Logics and their Applications (FLAP) covers all areas of pure and applied logic, broadly construed. All papers published are open access, and available via the College Publications website. This Journal is open access, and available in both printed and electronic formats. It is published by College Publications, on behalf of IfCoLog (www.ifcolog.net).

This is Volume II of the proceedings of the 2nd European Conference on Argumentation: Argumentation and Inference, held at the University of Fribourg, Switzerland, in June 2017. The European Conference on Argumentation (ECA) is an established pan-European initiative aiming to consolidate and advance various streaks of research into argumentation and reasoning: philosophy, communication, linguistics, discourse analysis, computer science, psychology, cognitive studies, legal theory, etc. These proceedings reflect the current state of the art of argumentation scholarship across these disciplines and, as such, are a testimony to the vigour of the field. A majority of contributions presented in these volumes frontally tackle the conference theme, thereby offering a valuable and focused discussion on various aspects of inference and on its role in argumentative practices to scholars interested in the topic but also, more broadly, in argumentation theory.