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The Italian Society for Logic and the Philosophy of Science (SILFS) was founded in 1952 with the aim of promoting and encouraging research in logic and philosophy of science inItaly. On 18--20 June 2014, the Society held its Triennial International Conference, SLFS 14, at the University "Roma TRE". The conference was divided into several sessions, each centered on one of the main current topics in logic and philosophy of science, with a special focus on interdisciplinary approaches to logical and epistemological issues in the foundations of special sciences (both natural, social and human). The 100 contributed papers underwent a further selection, resulting in the 28 papers that are published here, subdivided into three macro areas: Epistemology and General Philosophy of Science; Logic and Philosophy of Logic; Philosophy of Natural Sciences.These articles offer a representative sample of the trends and developments of the contemporary research in logic and the philosophy of science in Italy, as well as reflecting the direction and themes that characterise the current international debate in these disciplines.

Logic deals with the fundamental notions oftruth and falsity. Modal logic arose from the philosophical study of "modes of truth" with the two most common modes being "necessarily true" and "possibly true". Research in modal logic now spans the spectrum from philosophy, computer science and mathematics using techniques from relational structures, universal algebra, topology, and proof theory.These proceedings record the papers presented at the 2016 conference on Advances in Modal Logic, a biennial conference series with an aim to report on important new developments in pure and applied modal logic. As indicated above, there are new developments in using modal logic to reason about obligations, about programs, about time, about combinations of modal logics and even about negation itself.

El mundo gira en torno a la innovación. Se innova en la cocina, en la música, en el arte, en el comercio, en las formas de organización social, en la estructura familiar; en fin, la lista sería interminable, no hay ámbito de nuestra sociedad en el que no se hable de innovación. Dicho de otra manera, se vive la innovación como un avance en el sentido positivo de mejora, asociado además a una idea inconsciente de calidad. De manera general, se puede decir que innovación y creatividad forman parte de la naturaleza humana, y hacen posible la supervivencia de la especie en situaciones precarias y difíciles. En definitiva, están en la base de la evolución.Una frase que se ha hecho famosa entre los académicos es publish or perish (publicar o perecer), en el sentido de que, si no se publica, el trabajo que uno está haciendo no existe para el medio académico e investigador. Posiblemente, esta máxima continúa siendo válida, pero hay otra que se ha impuesto y no solo en la academia sino en todos los ámbitos de la vida y de la cultura, a saber: "innovar para sobrevivir".El objetivo del libro consiste en analizar los conceptos de innovación, invención, descubrimiento y progreso desde una perspectiva epistemológica y metodológica a partir del nuevo estado y contexto en el que se desarrolla la práctica científica. Para ello debemos examinar el significado de estos conceptos en sus diversos contextos de investigación, tanto básica como aplicada. La creatividad actuará como telón de fondo para la identificación y análisis de dichos conceptos. En cuanto al progreso, repasaremos sus indicadores en los distintos ámbitos de la actividad científica.

Peter K. Schotch is Emeritus Munro Professor of Metaphysics at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. He is co-founder of the Canadian School of paraconsistency known as perservationism, and has written papers in many areas of philosophical logic particularly many valued logic and epistemic & deontic logic.This collection contains papers written by Peter's students and colleagues who have been associated with him during his forty-plus years of philosophical enquiry.

This book deals with a problem that has been discussed quite a lot, both in the academic and the halachic literature, the problem of partitioning. The fundamental and well-known partition problem in the Talmud is the partition of lost property ("Two hold a garment") found in Baba Metzia 2a, and its generalisation ("n hold a garment"). The Talmud also deals with the problem of division of the estate of a deceased among creditors in Ketubot 93a.Our aim is to organise previous work, give a complete picture of the domain and add our original work. We specify what the basic assumptions are, similarities and dissimilarities between the problems and the various approaches to their solution. We give general case algorithms for these solutions. Where necessary we also prove the existence and uniqueness of the solutions.The book is partly in English and partly in Hebrew

Originating as an attempt to provide solid logical foundations for fuzzy set theory, and motivated also by philosophical and computational problems of vagueness and imprecision, Mathematical Fuzzy Logic (MFL) has become a significant subfield of mathematical logic. Research in this area focuses on many-valued logics with linearly ordered truth values and has yielded elegant and deep mathematical theories and challenging problems, thus continuing to attract an ever increasing number of researchers.This handbook provides, through its several volumes, an up-to-date systematic presentation of the best-developed areas of MFL. Its intended audience is researchers working on MFL or related fields, that may use the text as a reference book, and anyone looking for a comprehensive introduction to MFL. This handbook will be useful not only for readers interested in pure mathematical logic, but also for those interested in logical foundations of fuzzy set theory or in a mathematical apparatus suitable for dealing with some philosophical and linguistic issues related to vagueness.This third volume starts with three chapters on semantics of fuzzy logics, namely, on the structure of linearly ordered algebras, on semantic games, and on Ulam-Rényi games; it continues with an introduction to fuzzy logics with evaluated syntax, a survey of fuzzy description logics, and a study of probability on MV-algebras; and it ends with a philosophical chapter on the role of fuzzy logics in theories of vagueness.

This is a volume containing papers honoring Patrick Suppes (1922-2014). All contributors have worked directly with Suppes or/and with his ideas. The book also contains one of the last papers by Suppes (co-authored by two of his collaborators). The work of Suppes touches many different areas, ranging from meteorology to physics, through logic, mathematics, psychology, neuroscience, education, painting, but he was first of all and above all a philosopher, always questioning, but not in vain. There are not many philosophers who can be proud of having written influential math textbooks, contributed decisively to the philosophical foundations of science, helped to develop research in real labs, promoted new forms o education (computer-assisted learning and the EGPY - Education Program for Gifted Youth). Since the range of interest of Suppes was very broad, so is the variety of topics dealt with in this volume. The work of a researcher is certainly not limited to his own writings, but also has to be appreciated through the work of the people he has been working with and influenced. From this point of view the work of Suppes is very impressive, and the present book contributes to show that. This is a follow up of a special issue of the journal Synthese, New Directions in the Foundations of Science, edited by Béziau and Krause, after a meeting they organized with Suppes in Florianópolis (Brazil) in 2002 for his 80th birthday. Jean-Yves Béziau worked with Suppes at Stanford University for two years (2000 and 2001) and has been continuously working in the Suppes tradition of logic, methodology and philosophy of science, which emphasizes structures and models. Décio Krause has used Suppes' approach to the axiomatization of scientific theories in many fields. With J.C.M. Magalhães, he presented a "Suppes predicate" for genetics and natural selection and with S. French he developed a Suppes predicate for quantum field theories via Fock spaces.

Updated and revised September 2018.At last -- a first programming in Java course that is truly aimed at students who have not programmed before! (It has an entry point for those who have.) * Using neither the confusing `objects first' approach, nor the confidence destroying `objects late' ordering, students are instead taken gently from their natural `task oriented' view of problem solving, through the basics of programming and then soon onto objects. * Every programming and Java concept is introduced, Just in Time, in the context of one of more than a hundred program examples, so motivation is never lacking. Even when objects are introduced, readers immediately see their benefit, and thus happily augment their `task oriented' view with the `object oriented' one. * Programming skill, being at least 51% confidence, is built in manageable layers by undertaking over one hundred pieces of coursework. * Other learning enhancing aspects include coffee time questions, end of chapter collected concepts, no use of non-standard library code, and independence of any confidence-entrapping learning environment. John Latham has been teaching first programming since 1982 using various languages and styles, and this course has been running since 2004 at The University of Manchester, UK.

Beyond Alignment: Applying Systems Thinking to Architecting Enterprises is a comprehensive reader about how enterprises can apply systems thinking in their enterprise architecture practice, for business transformation and for strategic execution. The book's contributors find that systems thinking is a valuable way of thinking about the viable enterprise and how to architect it.Edited by John Gøtze and Anders Jensen-Waud, the book features contributions from 32 international experts in the fields of systems thinking and enterprise architecture.Contributors:Adrian Campell, Alex Conn, Dennis Sherwood, Don deGuerre, Erik Perjons, Gene Bellinger, Harold "Bud" Lawson, Ilia Bider, Jack Ring, James Lapalme, James Martin, Jan Dietz, Jan Hoogervorst, Janne J. Korhonen, John Morecroft, Leo Laverdure, Linda Clod Præstholm, Mesbah Khan, Mikkel Stokbro Holst, Namkyu Park, Olov Östberg, Olusola O. Oduntan, Patrick Hoverstadt, Per Johannisson, Per-Arne Persson, Peter Sjølin, Rasmus Fischer Frost, Sally Bean, Tom Graves, and Tue Westmark Steensen.

This book studies Talmudic temporal logic and compares it with the logic of time in contemporary law. Following a general introduction about the logical handling of time, the book examines several key Talmudic debates involving time. The book finds that we need multi-dimensional temporal models with backward causation and parallel histories. It seems that two major issues are involved: 1 Actions conditional about future actions (Tenayim), connecting with backward causality 2 Actions involving entities defined using future events (Breira), connecting with ideas from quantum Mechanics The book concludes with a general comparative discussion of the handling of time in general law and in the Talmud.

This book is a Festschrift dedicated to Klaus-Dieter Schewe on the occasion of his 60th birthday. It contains contributions by his students, colleagues, and friends. The articles, written by computer scientists, mathematicians, and logicians, address recent research trends in areas such as rigorous methods, databases, mathematical reasoning and conceptual modeling.