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Credit scoring models are the basis for financial institutions like retail and consumer credit banks. The purpose of the models is to evaluate the likelihood of credit applicants defaulting in order to decide whether to grant them credit. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) is one of the most commonly used measures to evaluate predictive performance in credit scoring.The aim of this thesis is to benchmark different methods for building scoring models in order to maximize the AUC. While this measure is used to evaluate the predictive accuracy of the presented algorithms, the AUC is especially introduced as direct optimization criterion.

The present volume is the productive result of multilateral academic collaboration between institutions of higher education from Germany (Chemnitz), Macedonia (Ohrid, Bitola), Albania (Vlora) and Serbia (NiS). The collaboration, funded by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD), was set up to establish a West-East Dialogue and a better understanding and processing of the crises in Europe through the deconstruction and construction of media texts. The contributions in this volume illustrate how 'crises' are constructed by the media discursively, with attention paid to the linguistic elements of media texts, and in some cases accompanying images. The authors in this volume are students and established scholars that come from different but intersecting disciplines. They each focus on different 'crises' in different (national) media outlets, offering new perspectives on how social, political and geographical events may be shaped by the media, and how these mediatised portrayals may in turn influence public perspectives on a range of issues.

In this work, a holistic approach is used to develop a multi-physical model of the Vanadium Redox Flow Battery on a system level. The model is validated with experimental data from three flow battery manufacturers and is then deployed in an extensive parameter study for designing a flow battery cell. Using finite element analysis (FEA), twenty-four different cell designs are derived, which vary in electrode area and the design of the electrolyte inlet and outlet supply channels. The performance of the designs is then simulated in a single-stack and a three-stack string system.The presented model is also deployed in a flow rate optimization study. Here, a novel strategy involving the model-based optimization of operation-points defined by state-of-charge and charging or discharging current is presented and compared to conventional flow rate control strategies. Finally, a stack voltage controller is introduced, which prevents the violation of cell voltage limits as long as the pump capacity is not fully utilized.