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The concept of inspiration is part and parcel of the theological tradition in several religious confessions, but it has largely receded to the background, if not vanished altogether, in the discussions of biblical scholars. The question "Do we still need inspiration?" might well reflect the perplexity of many exegetes today. Systematic theologians, for their part, often further their own reflections on the subject independently of developments in the field of exegesis, with the risk of remaining purely theoretical. Biblical research in the last decades has been marked by new insights about the nature of the biblical texts, stemming from the study of their inner plurality (insofar as they combine and sometimes intertwine conflicting theologies), of their textual fluidity, and of their reception. Can these new insights be integrated into a theological reflection on the notion of inspiration? These questions are often explicitly raised about the Jewish and Christian Scriptures, but they also prove increasingly relevant for Qur'ānic studies. This volume addresses them through contributions from exegetes of the Bible and of the Qur'an and systematic theologians.

Latin Linguistics is intended as an overview of the main areas of linguistics geared specifically to the scholar of Latin. The book consists of eight chapters: an introduction followed by discussions of phonology, morphology, syntax, variation linguistics, pragmatics, and sociolinguistics, with a final chapter discussing texts from three different periods to demonstrate how linguistic analysis can deepen our understanding of Latin. Most introductions to phonology cover a range of theories, such as Autosegmental Phonology or Optimality Theory; these contribute relatively little to our understanding of Latin as such. On the other hand, a Latinist needs to know how we can reconstruct pronunciation, what the limits of reconstruction are, and how closely orthography mirrors pronunciation. My chapter on phonology deals with these aspects. The same can be said, mutatis mutandis, for the other chapters. What makes this book unique, then, is the fact that it covers a wide range of topics in a deliberately selective way, tailored to the needs of Latinists.

So marginal die Beschäftigung mit der chinesischen Dichtung für die deutsche Lyrikgeschichte seit dem 20. Jahrhundert zunächst zu sein scheint, so zentral erweist sie sich doch gerade in politisch-gesellschaftlichen und werkbiographischen Umbruchskonstellationen. Der Band geht verschiedenen Lyrikdialogen, die ihren Ausgangspunkt in der übersetzerischen Auseinandersetzung nehmen, nach. Texte der klassischen Dichtung der Tang- und Song-Dynastie wurden ebenso aufgegriffen wie Dichtungen des 20. und 21. Jahrhunderts. Die Annäherung an die chinesische Dichtung ermöglichte ästhetische Experimente mit lyrischer Subjektivität und Perspektivität einerseits; andererseits bot sie Raum für Aushandlungen von Welt- und Gesellschaftsentwürfen und der Rolle des Dichters in der Gesellschaft - so im Dialog mit der sozialkritischen Lyrik des Tang-Dichters Bai Juyi, des Dichterrevolutionärs Mao Zedong oder des Skeptikers Lu Xun. Und nicht zuletzt waren Übersetzungen ein kulturpolitisches Instrument in der DDR, konnten aber offizielle Leitlinien durchaus unterlaufen. Damit ermöglicht die Analyse der Übertragungen in ihrem jeweils konkreten historischen Kontext Einblicke in Impulse einer produktiven Rezeption, die die letzten hundert Jahre deutsche Lyrikgeschichte mitgeprägt hat. Das Werk wurde ausgezeichnet mit dem "Manfred-Lautenschläger-Preis der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften" und dem "Gerhart-Baumann-Preis für interdisziplinäre Literaturwissenschaft".

How can criminal punishment be morally justified? Zisman addresses this classical question in legal philosophy. He provides two maybe surprising answers to the question. First, as for a methodological claim, it argues that this question cannot be answered by philosophers and legal scholars alone. Rather, we need to take into account research from social psychology, economy, anthropology, and so on in order to properly analyze the arguments in defense of criminal punishment. Second, the book argues that when such research is properly accounted for, none of the current attempts to justify criminal punishment succeed. But that does not imply that the state should do nothing about criminal wrongdoing. Rather, the arguments that were supposed to justify criminal punishment actually speak in favor of an alternative approach to criminal law: restitution to the victim and restorative justice. That is to say, the state should coerce offenders to provide restitution for the harm inflicted on victims, and whenever possible restorative approaches should be taken to address criminal wrongdoing.

The editors of this volume have combined their expertise in discourse, contradiction, minority and diversity studies to suggest a change of perspective from categorisations into societal minorities and majorities towards an analysis of marginalising and centralising discourses. For this purpose, we have gathered interdisciplinary-minded authors from linguistics, literary and religious studies, political and historical sciences. Their contributions focus on contradictions of religious and national belonging as well as intersections of religion and nation in many different regions of the world from the 18th century until today. While illustrating the diversity and contradictions of religious and national belonging across time and space, the chapters of the book contribute to an understanding of the dynamics of questions of belonging and the associated constant renegotiations of power within these discursive processes.

Materials Science today is the base for all technological and industrial developments. The book provides the understanding of the advanced spectroscopic and microscopic instruments used for material characterization. The main issues addressed are 1) a detailed understanding of the instrument, including working and handling, 2) sample preparation, and 3) data analysis and interpretation. The book is divided in two parts i.e., Part A discusses microscopic instruments, consisting of Optical Microscope, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope and X-Ray Diffraction. Part B is on spectroscopic instruments and covers FTIR Spectrometer, Raman Spectrometer, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Fluorescence Spectroscopy, and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.

The book presents a theoretical and technical background for applying MAS (Multi Agent Systems) in Architecture, Engineering and Construction. It focuses in the early design stage and makes use of domain specific data which relate to different design domains (structural, environmental, architectural design) to inform the agent behaviors. The proposed framework is applicable especially to design problems which traditionally require the close collaboration of engineers and architects.　

Nanotechnology safety is the practice of handling engineered nanomaterials in production and manufacturing. Good practice consists of understanding and interpreting Material Safety Data Sheets, behaving safely when working with yet unknown nanomaterials, understanding health effects, and proactively creating safety measures against potential hazards. This book addresses nanotechnology risk management.

The volume offers an up-to-date and nuanced study of a multi-thematic topic, expressions of which can be found abundantly in ancient Greek and Latin literature: nonverbal behaviour, i.e., vocalics, kinesics, proxemics, haptics, and chronemics. The individual chapters explore texts from Homer to the 4th century AD to discuss aspects of nonverbal behaviour and how these are linked to, reflect upon, and are informed by general cultural frameworks in ancient Greece and Rome. Material sources are also examined to enhance our knowledge and understanding of the texts.

This study intends to show that the answer to the question whether faith can be justified without proofs can be resolved by importing ideas from Søren Kierkegaard's and Alvin Plantinga's affirmative take on the matter. There is a deep similarity between the way they understand belief in God and belief in Christianity. The authors share the modern idea that there is an objective truth, combining it with the postmodern stance that no method exists which would guarantee access to it. One can see at both authors not only a deep commonality of ideas, but also a remarkable way in which their understandings augment each other. Whereas Kierkegaard comes to the provocative conclusion that, if a person wants to live authentically, she will meet Christ on her life's journey without needing any proof, Plantinga's inquiry contributes to the rational plausibility of this "Justified Faith without Reasons" project.

Serine proteases play significant roles in healh and human disease. Abnormal expression and activities of serine proteases have been linked to the pathogenesis of many diseases. The book presents correlation between serine proteases and human diseases. It helps the reader understand classification, catalytic mechanism and types of serine proteases and their role in human disease pathogenesis at mechanistic level. The chapters explain the role of serine proteases in various diseases including respiratory disorders and cancer. It also covers the therapeutic importance of serine proteases as drug target and explains the mechanistic insights of serine proteases inhibitors. Serine protease are known to play crucial role in biological processes but disturbance in their equilibrium can result in serious health conditions. To maintain homeostasis, serine protease inhibitors come in action and inhibit proteases. Several serine protease inhibitors have been identified and many more are being designed as novel compounds for inhibitions of proteases that provide management of comorbidities. Therefore, this book will serve as a useful reference for students and researchers to understand physiological role of serine proteases and their association with initiation and progression of human diseases. It will also help to develop some strategies to develop serine proteases inhibitors as drug target of serine proteases at cellular and molecular level.

The book focuses on the archaeology of the Late Geometric and Early Archaic North-Eastern Aegean through the emergence, manufacture, distribution and consumption of a regional pottery group known as G 2-3 Ware. It offers the first comprehensive, in-depth study through combination of scientific (fabric analysis) and traditional (morphological, stylistic, comparative and distribution analysis) methods. The large body of studied material allows for drawing conclusions on a broader geographical and historical scale, in contrast to earlier studies focused on individual sites. The manufacture, distribution and consumption patterns are characterised by diversity, which reflects a dynamic, multiethnic communication network developed in the Northern Aegean basin in the late 8th and the 7th c. BC. The adoption of G 2-3 Ware by local, Thracian coastal communities is discussed in the light of transfer of knowledge and social practices. It is argued that the G 2-3 Ware potters were aware of earlier and contemporaneous ceramic developments in southern Greece and Anatolia and created a blend of pottery features specific for each one of these areas. The study deconstructs the forged link between G 2-3 Ware and the Greek colonisation in the area, by linking it to a local, pre-colonial development.

This collection of essays focuses on the way blurred boundaries are represented in pre-modern texts and visual art and how they were received and perceived by their audiences: readers, listeners, and viewers. According to the current understanding that opposing cognitive categories that are so common in modern thinking do not apply to pre-modern mentalities, we argue that individuals in medieval and pre-modern societies did not necessarily consider sacred and secular, male and female, real and fictional, and opposing emotions as absolute dichotomies.The contributors to the present collection examine a wide range of cultural artifacts - literary texts, wall paintings, sculptures, jewelry, manuscript illustrations, and various objects as to what they reflect regarding the dominant perceptual system - the network of beliefs, worldviews, presumptions, values, and norms of viewing/reading/hearing different from modern epistemology strongly predicated on the binary nature of things and people. The essays suggest that analyzing pre-modern cultural works of art or literature in light of reception theory can lead to a better understanding of how those cultural products influenced individuals and impacted their thoughts and actions.

The issue of Muslim women's rights never seems outdated and has become trendy in the post-9/11 environment. That is, the mainstream media and Western politicians often view Muslim women as victims of male-patriarchy and frequently justify Western involvement in the Middle East and in other Muslim majority counties at least in part to "rescue" women. Within this realm, Nawal El Saadawi is a famous Egyptian writer whose writings focus on the struggle of Muslim women and are widely read in the Middle East and many Western societies as well. Because of her bold feminist views on politics, religions, and gender, she is described as the "Simone de Beauvoir of the Arab world." After the death of El Saadawi in 2021, a flurry of arguments and criticism in the Egyptian press and women's press around the world is created in which different social media platforms were filled with numerous comments and discussions of her writings and arguments. Whereas some mourned El Saadawi and her dedication to women's issues, others celebrated her death, wishing her the worst punishment in the afterlife for what they described as her "destructive thoughts." This monograph genuinely analyzes her views on five controversial issues - marriage, polygamy, divorce, inheritance rights, and veiling - in light of Qur'anic exegeses offered by two classical scholars (i.e., Muhammad ibn Jarir Al Tabari and Ismail ibn Umar Ibn Kathir) and two contemporary Muslim feminists (i.e., Amina Wadud and Azizah Al Hibri). By taking a critical look at her views, the book contributes not only to this ongoing debate but adds value to assessing El Saadawi's work and helps readers gain a greater understanding of her writings as well. It also enables readers to comprehend the current tension between feminism and Islam by understanding the perspectives of both sides. Since El Saadawi's writings are available in the Western countries, the book would appeal to academics, researchers on Islam and gender and Middle Eastern women, as well as to lay audiences interested in women and gender in Muslim societies.

Oft sind die kultur- und symboltheologischen Aspekte im Werk Paul Tillichs bearbeitet worden. Doch hat Tillich auch die ethischen Fragen des Menschseins grundlegend mitbedacht. Das Buch interpretiert Tillichs Ethik werkgeschichtlich von der Zeit seines Studiums bis zum Gang ins Exil 1933 und nimmt dazu kontextuelle sowie geistesgeschichtliche Hintergründe in den Blick. Ausgehend von Tillichs frühen Denkansätzen seiner Studienzeit wird in einem ersten Teil die Theologische Ethik in seinem ersten Systementwurf von 1913 interpretiert. Auf dieser Grundlage kann in einem zweiten Teil gezeigt werden, wie Tillich in der Zeit der Weimarer Republik Grundentscheidungen seiner frühen Theoriebildung weiterführt. Die kultur- und sinntheoretischen und besonders die religiös-sozialistischen Texte werden hierdurch mit den ersten Entwürfen verknüpft und die Entwicklung des ethischen Denkens nachgezeichnet. Liebe und Anerkennung kristallisieren sich insgesamt als Leitbegriffe von Tillichs Ethik heraus, an denen sich die vorgeschlagene Interpretation orientiert.

Fractional calculus has emerged as a powerful and effective mathematical tool in the study of several phenomena in science and engineering. This text addressed to researchers, graduate students, and practitioners combines deterministic fractional calculus with the analysis of the fractional Brownian motion and its associated fractional stochastic calculus and includes examples, exercises, and problems that focus on computational aspects.

In his third volume of collected essays, the former Professor of Hebrew Bible at Edinburgh University assembles studies published since 2017. With one significant modification (on the first Jeroboam), they develop the twin theses of his 2017 monograph, Life in Kings: that the material common to the books of Samuel-Kings and Chronicles is both untypical of Samuel-Kings as a whole and the major source out of which they developed. Most importantly, these fresh essays explore the DNA of what Graeme Auld calls the Book of Two Houses (BoTH): some 150 uniquely paired words (including names) and phrases that occur in its reports of only two kings. The final extended essay (not previously published) sets these pairings in their context throughout the book. As the artistry of this foundational text is revealed, fresh historical questions call for answers.

Die Historische Kommission zu Berlin betreibt die Erforschung der Landesgeschichte und der Historischen Landeskunde Berlin-Brandenburgs bzw. Brandenburg-Preußens in Form von wissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen, Vorträgen, Tagungen und Veröffentlichungen sowie durch Serviceleistungen. Dabei kooperiert die Kommission auch mit anderen Institutionen und begleitet wissenschaftliche und praktische Vorhaben von allgemeinem öffentlichen Interesse. In der Schriftenreihe werden die Ergebnisse der einzelnen wissenschaftlichen Projekte der Kommission veröffentlicht.Die bis 2010 als "Einzelveröffentlichungen der Historischen Kommission zu Berlin" erschienenen Bände, die ursprünglich im K.G. Saur Verlag erschienen sind, finden sich hier.

Der zweite Band "Geschichte und Theologie" enthält 23 Aufsätze von Rainer Albertz und gibt Einblick in das breite Schaffen des Münsteraner Gelehrten. Der Band umfasst Arbeiten zur Geschichte Israels, zur Literatur- und Religionsgeschichte sowie zur Anthropologie und Theologie des Alten Testaments. Die Themen reichen von der Väter- und Exodusüberlieferung über die Entstehung Israels und die Historizität der josianischen Reform bis zur Bedeutung des biblischen Monotheismus, der Anklage Gottes in den Klagepsalmen oder den Friedenserwartungen in der Prophetie. In sämtlichen Aufsätzen zeigt sich das Anliegen von Rainer Albertz, die Überlieferungen des Alten Testaments in ihrem historischen Gewordensein, ihrer inneren Vielfalt und ihrer gesellschaftlichen, politischen und theologischen Relevanz zu erklären.

The present volume is a Festschrift in honor of the distinguished scholar in Late Byzantine, post-Byzantine and Cretan Renaissance studies I. Mavromatis. The title Kalligraphos is indicative of the foundations of his scholarship, which lie in the fields of paleography and early printing. With manuscripts and early printed books as the primary material of his studies, Professor Mavromatis has produced several major works in the fields of Byzantine philology, Cretan Renaissance literature (especially Erotorcritos) and late Byzantine vernacular poetry. This volume includes a short preface and twenty-four articles by senior and younger scholars, former colleagues, collaborators, and students of Professor Mavromatis. The articles are loosely arranged in chronological order of their subject matter and treat issues ranging from Byzantine historiography going back to the 4th century CE to post-Byzantine Cretan poetry of the 17th century. This philological kaleidoscope features new editions and interpretations of hitherto unknown or little-known poems and texts. The volume is intended for scholars, graduate and undergraduate students and the general readership interested in Byzantine and post-Byzantine literature.

The handbook offers a comprehensive introduction to the British novel in the long eighteenth century, when this genre emerged to develop into the period's most versatile and popular literary form. Part I features six systematic chapters that discuss literary, intellectual, socio-economic, and political contexts, providing innovative approaches to issues such as sense and sentiment, gender considerations, formal characteristics, economic history, enlightened and radical concepts of citizenship and human rights, ecological ramifications, and Britain's growing global involvement. Part II presents twenty-five analytical chapters that attend to individual novels, some canonical and others recently recovered. These analyses engage the debates outlined in the systematic chapters, undertaking in-depth readings that both contextualize the works and draw on relevant criticism, literary theory, and cultural perspectives. The handbook's breadth and depth, clear presentation, and lucid language make it attractive and accessible to scholar and student alike.

Smart and Functional Textiles is an application-oriented book covering a wide range of areas from multifunctional nanofinished textiles, coated and laminated textiles, wearable e-textiles, textile-based sensors and actuators, thermoregulating textiles, to smart medical textiles and stimuli-responsive textiles. It also includes chapters on 3D printed smart textiles, automotive smart textiles, smart textiles in military and defense, as well as functional textiles used in care and diagnosis of Covid-19.

As a mature topic in chemical engineering, the book provides methods, problems and tools used in process control engineering. It discusses: process knowledge, sensor system technology, actuators, communication technology, and logistics, design and construction of control systems and their operation. The knowledge goes beyond the traditional process engineering field by applying the same principles, to biomedical processes, energy production and management of environmental issues. The book explains all the determinations in the "e;chemical systems"e; or "e;process systems"e;, starting from the beginning of the processes, going through the intricate interdependency of the process stages, analyzing the hardware components of a control system and ending with the design of an appropriate control system for a process parameter or a whole process. The book is first addressed to the students and graduates of the departments of Chemical or Process Engineering. Second, to the chemical or process engineers in all industries or research and development centers, because they will notice the resemblance in approach from the system and control point of view, between different fields which might seem far from each other, but share the same control philosophy.

This textbook gives a unified treatment of the solution of various linear equations that arise in science and engineering with examples. It is based on a course taught by the first author for over thirty years. Some unique features include: Use of symbolic software for illustrating and enhancing the impact of physical parameter changes on solutions. Multi-scale analysis of engineering problems with physical interpretation of time and length scales in terms of eigenvalues and eigenvectors/eigenfunctions. Discussion of compartment models for various finite dimensional problems. Evaluation and illustration of functions of matrices (and use of symbolic manipulation) to solve multi-component diffusion-convection-reaction problems. Illustration of the techniques and interpretation of solutions to several classical engineering problems. Emphasis on the connection between discrete (matrix algebra) and continuum. Physical interpretation of adjoint operator and adjoint systems. Use of complex analysis and algebra in the solution of practical engineering problems.

This volume investigates the form of love letters and erotic letters in Greek and Latin up to the 7th Century CE, encompassing both literary and documentary letters (the latter inscribed and on papyrus), and prose and poetry. The potential for, and utility of treating this large and diverse corpus as a 'genre' is examined. To this end, approaches from ancient literary criticism and modern theory of genre are made; mutual influences between the documentary and the literary form are sought; and origins in proto-epistolary poetic texts are examined. In order to examine the boundaries of a form, limit cases, which might have less claim to the label 'love letter', are compared with more clear-cut examples. A series of case studies focuses on individual letters and letter-collections. Some case studies situate their subjects within the history and literary evolution of the love letter, using both intertextuality and comparative approaches; others placing them in their cultural and historical contexts, particularly uncovering the contribution of epistolarity to erotic discourse, and to the history of sexuality and gender in diverse eras and locations within Classical to Late Antiquity.

Given Leopold Zunz's difficult German style and the tight conciseness of his presentation, it is hardly surprising that no English translation of his Die Ritus (1859) has been published. The Hebrew edition of 2016 does not aim to place this pioneering work in the context of Jewish liturgical history, sometimes opts for a paraphrase, rather than a literal translation, and does not always make it easy to distinguish Zunz from later scholarship. There are undoubtedly English-speaking scholars in current academia who are unacquainted with German and Modern Hebrew but would benefit from reading this classic study. This volume therefore links Die Ritus with Zunz's other scholarly works by way of a brief introduction, provides a faithful translation, without the result reading more like German than English. It reproduces Zunz's footnotes in his own highly abbreviated form but offers as an appendix to the introductory essay a bibliographical list that explains references that may not be obvious even to a learned reader. Readers of English will now be able to reach their own conclusions about the stature of Zunz, about his contributions to the study of Jewish liturgy, and, indeed, about any shortcomings that there may have been in his scholarly, theological and political tendencies.

When high-magnitude meteorological hazards impact vulnerable human populations, disasters are the inevitable consequence. Through archaeological and historical evidence, this book investigates how these sudden and unpredictable events affected British medieval populations (AD 1000-1500). Medieval society understood disasters in a practical sense and took steps to minimise risk by constructing flood defences and reinforcing structures damaged by storms. At the same time, natural hazards were widely interpreted through a framework of religious and superstitious beliefs and a wide variety of measures were followed to secure protection against the dangers of the natural world. Disasters, therefore, were interpreted through a duality of understanding in which their occurrence could be the result of spiritual or superstitious triggers but practical solutions were a key component in mitigating their tangible impacts. In evaluating this duality, this book focuses on specific case studies and considers both their diverse historical contexts as well as their consequences for society against the backdrop of significant demographic and climatic change-as a result of the Black Death and the transition to the Little Ice Age.

The Qur'an and the Bible have been called "intertwined scriptures" due to the Qur'an's frequent invocation of biblical narratives and figures. But what is the history of Muslims' exegetical engagement with the biblical text? Through a comprehensive survey of more than 170 Qur'an commentaries, Samuel Ross traces the longitudinal history of the Bible in tafsῑr. Offering detailed case studies and rich in historical context, Ross's narrative culminates in the remarkable late-nineteenth and early-twentieth-century biblical turn. Global in scope, this development has not only generated new Muslim views of the Bible but even new interpretations of the Qur'an itself. This monograph has been awarded the annual BRAIS - De Gruyter Prize in the Study of Islam and the Muslim World.

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