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This book explores how bioremediation biotechnology is used to remove pollutants in wastewater. Remediation of wastewater is important to ensure that pollutants generated in industry do not effect our environment negatively. Traditional wastewater remediation is not a sustainable process, however by using biological means the sustainability can be improved. Both conventional methods and bioremediation technologies are discussed. Applications for heavy metal, nitrate, and petroleum bioremediation, nanotechnology in bioremediation, and more are explored.

What cities were there in early 16th-century Spain? With how many inhabitants? Were they fortified? And how many leagues apart were they? Those are the questions that Ferdinand Columbus tried to answer in his Vocabulary containing the names of the places and kingdoms of Spain. The present edition reconstructs the "cosmographic" endeavor of Christopher Columbus' youngest son based on two codices from the Biblioteca Capitular y Colombina of Seville.

The book explores ancient interpretations and usages of the famous Delphic maxim "know yourself". The primary emphasis is on Jewish, Christian and Greco-Roman sources from the first four centuries CE. The individual contributions examine both direct quotations of the maxim as well as more distant echoes. Most of the sources included in the book have never previously been studied in any detail with a view to their use and interpretation of the Delphic maxim. Thus, the book contributes significantly to the origin and different interpretations of the maxim in antiquity as well as to its reception history in ancient philosophical and theological discourses. The chapters of the book are linked to each other by numerous cross-references which makes it possible to compare the different views of the maxim with each other. It also helps readers to notice relationships and trajectories within the material. The explorations of the relevant sources are also set in the context of ongoing debates about the shape and nature of ancient conceptions of self and self-knowledge. The book thus demonstrates the wide variety of philosophical and theological approaches in that the injunction to know oneself could be viewed and how these interpretations provide windows into ancient discourses about self and self-knowledge.

This Third Edition of Sustainable Process Integration and Intensification extends the presentation of fundamentals of Energy Integration, Water Integration and CO2 management into Process Integration for waste valorisation and advanced Water Integration involving water mains and considering multiple contaminants. This edition is thoroughly updated and extended to include the latest developments and illustrated working sessions to assist readers in gaining a deeper understanding of the materials. The book is a suitable reference for graduate students as well as professionals seeking to apply Process Integration solutions in plant design and operation.

Raro, excéntrico, monstruo: el uruguayo Mario Levrero y el argentino Alberto Laiseca permanecieron largo tiempo escritores de culto, marginales tanto en el mercado literario globalizado como en el campo de la investigación universitaria. Para acercarse a estos autores e intentar elucidar sus poéticas idiosincrásicas, el presente estudio propone el concepto original de de/lirio: la articulación productiva de una serie de trastornos en la enunciación literaria en primera persona, por un lado, que hacen oscilar el estatuto genérico del texto entre ficción y lírica, y la caracterización de este yo lírico-ficcional, por otro lado, dentro de un vasto espectro de psicopatologías cuyos síntomas múltiples refuerzan, a su vez, la inestabilidad enunciativa del texto. «Patografía» (Libertella), «neurosis del escribir» (Masiello), el de/lirio genera en Levrero y Laiseca formas de lírica desviada en las cuales un yo patético y patógeno intenta, al (auto)ficcionalizarse, abrirse de nuevo a la relacionalidad. Conectando la escritura del yo hoy en día casi ubicua con la tradición prolífica de las malas escrituras rioplatenses, el de/lirio interroga y subvierte nuestra contemporaneidad solipsista.

Sebastian Brant, Basler Jurist und (ab 1501) Syndikus, Diplomat und Kanzler der Freien Reichsstadt Straßburg, gehört zu den einflussreichen Akteuren seiner Zeit. Gewirkt hat er als Jurist und Hrsg. zentraler Rechtstexte, als Bearbeiter von Werken der Patristik, Mitarbeiter an einer sechsbändigen Vulgata-Ausgabe, der ersten europäischen Petrarca-Edition, als engagierter Verteidiger des Dogmas der Unbefleckten Empfängnis Mariens, als Dichter in lateinischer und deutscher Sprache, als Concepteur umfangreicher Holzschnittserien, als Verfasser tagesaktueller Gelegenheitsdichtungen, schließlich auch des "Narrenschiffs", das europaweite Verbreitung bis ins 18. Jh. gefunden hat. Eine anlässlich von Brants 500. Todestag veranstaltete Tagung zielte darauf, die Tätigkeitsfelder, den intellektuellen Horizont und das Weiterwirken Brants in exemplarischen Untersuchungen zur würdigen. Aus den Perspektiven des Kanonischen und Römischen Rechts, der Kunstgeschichte und Musikwissenschaft, der Germanistik wie auch der Latinistik sowie der material- und quellenbezogenen Geschichtswissenschaft sind Werk und Wirken Brants untersucht worden von Wissenschaftler*innen aus Deutschland, Frankreich und der Schweiz.

This book is a comprehensive introduction to the rapidly developing field of modeling and characterization of PEM fuel cells. It focuses on i) fuel cell performance modeling and performance characterization applicable from single cells to stacks, ii) fundamental and advanced techniques for structural and compositional characterization of fuel cell components and iii) electrocatalyst design. Written by experts in this field, this book is an invaluable tool for graduate students and professionals.

Der dritte Band der media quinquagena von Augustins Enarrationes in psalmos umfasst die Auslegungen zu Psalm 71-80. Manche beruhen auf mitstenographierten Predigten, andere hat Augustinus zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt in schriftlicher Form ergänzt. Die Einleitung informiert über die handschriftliche Überlieferung und Augustins Umgang mit dem Psaltertext. Jeder Enarratio sind Informationen zu Datierung, Lokalisierung und Schriftlesungen sowie der rekonstruierte Wortlaut des ausgelegten Psalms beigegeben.

The Bibliotheca of Pseudo-Apollodorus, perhaps the best-known mythographic text, stands out for its comprehensive aim and state of preservation. The handbook has regularly been disregarded as a repository of 'standard' myths or as a primary witness to archaic stories, a reductive view at once underestimating and romanticizing the merits of the Bibliotheca. This monograph unlocks the Bibliotheca as a literary work in its own right by offering the first systematic commentary on an essential selection, the Cretan and Theban myths in Bibl. III.1-56, and by presenting an in-depth analysis of the text. In so doing, this volume closes a gap in current research, from which a philological commentary is entirely missing. The main part of the study focuses on various aspects of composition and organization by addressing structuring principles, narratorial interventions, and the author's method and sources. It lays to rest persistent misconceptions about the representative character of the Bibliotheca's myths, the author's merits, and his source use, all of which have divided the scholarship to this date. In addition, it provides an update on the author, date, purpose and readership, text history, and book division of the Bibliotheca.

The Unknown History of Jewish Women-On Learning and Illiteracy: On Slavery and Liberty is a comprehensive study on the history of Jewish women, which discusses their absence from the Jewish Hebrew library of the "People of the Book" and interprets their social condition in relation to their imposed ignorance and exclusion from public literacy.The book begins with a chapter on communal education for Jewish boys, which was compulsory and free of charge for the first ten years in all traditional Jewish communities. The discussion continues with the striking absence of any communal Jewish education for girls until the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, and the implications of this fact for twentieth-century immigration to Israel (1949-1959)The following chapters discuss the social, cultural and legal contexts of this reality of female illiteracy in the Jewish community-a community that placed a supreme value on male education. The discussion focuses on the patriarchal order and the postulations, rules, norms, sanctions and mythologies that, in antiquity and the Middle Ages, laid the religious foundations of this discriminatory reality.

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Advanced fiber materials have been developed for various superior applications because of their higher mechanical flexibility, high-temperature resistance, and outstanding chemical stability. This book presents an overview of the current development of advanced fiber materials, fabrication methods, and applications. Applications covered include pollution control, environment, energy, information storage technology, optical and photonic, photocatalysis, textile, drug delivery, tumor therapy, corrosion protection applications, and a state of art of advanced fiber materials.

How are the resurrection appearances of Luke's Gospel shaped to offer a climax to the narrative? How does this narrative conclusion compare to the wider ancient literary milieu? Recognition and the Resurrection Appearances of Luke 24 proposes that the ancient literary technique of recognition offers a compelling lens through which to understand the climatic role of the resurrection appearances of Jesus as depicted in Luke 24. After presenting the development of recognition in ancient Jewish and Greco-Roman literature, Thompson demonstrates how Luke 24 deploys the recognition tradition to shape the form and function of the resurrection appearances. The ancient recognition tradition not only casts light on various literary and theological features of the chapter but also shapes the way the appearances function in the wider narrative. By utilizing recognition, Luke 24 generates cognitive, affective, commissive, and hermeneutical functions for the characters internal to the narrative and for the audience. The result is a compelling climax to Luke's Gospel that resonates with Luke's wider literary and theological themes. This work offers a compelling analysis of the Luke's Gospel in the ancient literary context in light of the ancient technique of recognition that will appeal to those interested in narrative approaches to the New Testament or the interpretation of the New Testament in the wider literary milieu.

There is a long-standing debate over the relation of historical linguistics and classical philology, especially within the purview of the renewed interest in it during the last decades and the recent trends that characterize philological and linguistic studies. Ever since its appearance in the nineteenth century, the history of this debate testifies to a turbulent coexistence and fertile collaboration of the two disciplines, but at times also moving along centrifugal paths. The essays in this volume address this debate and cover various aspects of linguistic and philological research of Greek and Latin, moving in the middle ground where language, linguistics and philology crosscut and cross-fertilize each other highlighting the application of linguistic theory to the study of classical texts and drawing on fields such as syntactic theory and pragmatics, historical semantics and the lexicon, reconstruction and etymology, dialectology, editorial practices, the use of corpora, and other interdisciplinary approaches that function as hinges between philology and linguistics.

This volume considers the Prabodhacandrodaya Nāṭaka (c. 1760 CE), an allegorical drama composed by Brajvāsīdās in Brajbhāṣā. It contributes to the study of vernacular nāṭakas with its first complete English translation. Moreover, the critical analysis shows that the foundational Sanskrit texts for Vedānta and those for Bhakti play a part in the Prabodhacandrodaya Nāṭaka's philosophical and religious edifice. At the same time, the investigation demonstrates that Brajvāsīdās expresses several philosophical ideas by adaptively reusing the Rāmcaritmānas by Tulsīdās (c. 1574 CE). Brajvāsīdās composes a dohā by combining one line of his invention with a line from the Mānas. This method is employed throughout all the personified metaphysical concepts. That Brajvāsī not only read Bhakti but also Vedānta through the Rāmcaritmānas highlights the philosophical and literary creativity in 18th c. North India. It points to the necessity to rethink the sources of Vedānta philosophies, by including works non-conventional for language and genre, because not in Sanskrit and not śāstras. Such sources may not be original in their contribution per se but are essential to understand how early modern philosophy was done, conceived and transmitted.

In den letzten Jahren ist die Konstruktionsgrammatik zu einem zentralen Forschungsparadigma geworden. Sie hat das Ziel, eine allgemeine Theorie der Verarbeitung und Repräsentation sprachlichen Wissens zu entwerfen, die auch (vermeintliche) Randphänomene einer Sprache einbezieht. Ausgangspunkt bildet die Auffassung der Irreduzibilität von (grammatischen) Konstruktionen als Einheiten von Form und Bedeutung. Konstruktionen, ihre Beziehungen zueinander, ihr Entstehen und Verblassen im Sprachgebrauch sowie ihre Relevanz und kognitive Realität für Sprecher und Sprecherinnen sind Gegenstand der konstruktionsgrammatischen Forschung. Der Band ist als Einführung in gebrauchsbasierte Ansätze der Konstruktionsgrammatik konzipiert. Er stellt zentrale Konzepte und Grundlagen sowie "Schulbildungen" und den aktuellen Forschungsstand in der germanistischen Linguistik vor. Daneben macht der Band Vorschläge zur Weiterentwicklung. Um die Tragfähigkeit des konstruktionsgrammatischen Beschreibungsmodells aufzuzeigen, werden anhand exemplarischer Analysen verschiedene Anwendungsbereiche diskutiert.

The study analyzes differentiated concepts of truth in Dutch prints of the 16th and 17th centuries. Against the backdrop of religious and political crises of the time, it elaborates on how copperplate engravings and etchings not only represent veritas but, by problematizing their own medial status, reflect on visual forms of evidence generation and art's specific capacity for truth.

While the contemporary era has witnessed a series of spectacular failures with severe and widespread global consequences, failure is still broadly understood on an individual level, while its broader causes and consequences receive little attention. This book reconceptualises failure as a method for characterising and critiquing systems and institutions on both a global and a local level. It defines global failure as comprising global inequality, economic crisis, and ecological disaster, and as a condition which informs and is informed by localised failure. It examines the negotiation between global and local failure in narratives of failed quests by four contemporary authors: Cormac McCarthy, Julia Kristeva, Michael Ondaatje, and Basma Abdel Aziz. As a genre, the quest narrative is associated with the idea of hard-won success. The failed quest narrative, or the narrative of the failed quest, is therefore the ideal vehicle through which to examine the socio-political and institutional conditions of failure. Primarily a contribution to the field of world literature, this book is also relevant to those with an interest in the contemporary novel, failure studies, and the quest narrative.

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For my Blemishless Lord presents the text and translation of the exquisite poem Amalaṉ Āti Pirāṉ by Tiruppāṇ Āḻvār, which is part of the Śrīvaiṣṇava canon, the Nālāyira Divya Prabandham (6th - 9th centuries CE), together with the three Śrīvaiṣṇava commentaries in Tamil-Sanskrit Manipravalam (13th - 14th centuries) by key figures in the medieval religious history of South Asia, namely, Periyavāccāṉ Piḷḷai, Aḻakiya Maṇavāḷa Perumāḷ Nāyaṉār, and Vedānta Deśikaṉ. Offering the first fully annotated, complete translation of these exegetical writings, this volume analyses the language, commentary techniques, and theological positions of the commentators. Looking also at cultural, religious, and other allusions made by them, it places them in their literary, social, and religious backgrounds during a period of budding dissent within the Śrīvaiṣṇava community, to which they contributed at least in part. This rich resource is made available in English for the first time for students of Tamil and Manipravala, theology, religious history, and philology.

This book will help chemists and non-chemists alike understand the fundamentals of surface chemistry and precursor design, and how these precursors drive the processes of atomic layer deposition, and how the surface-precursor interaction governs atomic layer deposition processes. The underlying principles in atomic layer deposition rely on the chemistry of a precursor with a surface.

Der Jalkut Schimoni ist ein Sammelwerk rabbinischer Auslegungen zur gesamten hebräischen Bibel. Unerforscht ist, nach welchen Kriterien die Auslegungen ausgewählt wurden und ob das Werk als umfassendes Nachschlagewerk für exegetische Fragen, zur Verbindung von Bibelauslegung in Talmud und Midrasch oder zur Reform der rabbinischen Auslegungstradition konzipiert wurde. Die Übersetzung des Werkes ist ein erster Schritt, diese Fragen zu beantworten.

This volume responds to the current interest in computational and statistical methods to describe and analyse metre, style, and poeticity, particularly insofar as they can open up new research perspectives in literature, linguistics, and literary history. The contributions are representative of the diversity of approaches, methods, and goals of a thriving research community. Although most papers focus on written poetry, including computer-generated poetry, the volume also features analyses of spoken poetry, narrative prose, and drama. The contributions employ a variety of methods and techniques ranging from motif analysis, network analysis, machine learning, and Natural Language Processing. The volume pays particular attention to annotation, one of the most basic practices in computational stylistics. This contribution to the growing, dynamic field of digital literary studies will be useful to both students and scholars looking for an overview of current trends, relevant methods, and possible results, at a crucial moment in the development of novel approaches, when one needs to keep in mind the qualitative, hermeneutical benefit made possible by such quantitative efforts.

The concept of love's wound has haunted European culture for centuries. This book investigates this fundamental concept in Medieval French, Occitan, and Italian literature - with the purpose of tracing its transformation through a selection of medieval literary masterpieces, sacred and profane. The imagery of love's wound is analysed with multiple approaches, considering also representations of the theme in manuscript illuminations.

Manuscript albums are oftentimes contradictory objects: ephemeral yet monumental, coherent yet inviting change. Collecting items made by others, owners form their albums as representations of their selves, their worlds, and their traditions. The volume's contributors - who come from musicology, European history, English literary studies, and Islamic art history - explore a set of these challenging manuscripts while addressing questions of manuscript studies through their respective disciplinary lenses. The albums under investigation range from Early Modern Stammbücher, or alba amicorum, to albums assembled jointly by nineteenth-century cultural elites, and from muraqqaʿs of the Persianate world to English and North American friendship albums, including some kept by women. This book is the first contribution to the comparative study of manuscript albums, focusing on their materiality and analysing the practices of all those involved in making and using them. Moreover, the collection introduces this hard-to-grasp type of written artefact to the field of cross-disciplinary manuscript studies and suggests albums as a touchstone for manuscriptological theories and terminologies.

The study deals with the theological message and composition of the Book of Isaiah and promotes a thesis that an early Jewish reception history helps us to find perspectives to understand them. This study treats the following themes among others:1 Hezekiah as Immanuel was an important theme in the reception as can be seen in Chronicles and Ben Sira as well as in rabbinical writings. The central event which makes Hezekiah such an important figure, was the annihilation of the Assyrian army as recounted in Isaiah 36-37.2 The Book of Isaiah was interpreted in apocalyptic milieu as the Animal Apocalypse and Daniel show. Even though the Qumran writings do not provide any coherent way to interpret Isaianic passages its textual evidence shows how the community has found from the Book of Isaiah different concepts to characterize the division of the Jewish community to the righteous and sinful ones (cf. Isa 65-66).3 Ezra and Nehemiah received inspiration from the theological themes of Isaianic texts of Levitical singers which were later edited in the Book of Isaiah by scribes. The formation of the Book of Isaiah then went in its own way and its theology became different from that in the Book of Ezra-Nehemiah.