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Terminologies present various challenges to their inventors and to their users, ranging from epistemic adequacy over linguistic concerns to matters of strategy and group construction. With respect to historical terminologies, however, research has been dominated by linguistic approaches. Breaking new ground, Coming to Terms collects eleven articles that combine an interest in the history of knowledge, mostly ancient Greek, with research on scientific terminologies. They all share an interest in terminological practices, that is, questions such as how and when to coin a term and then what to do with it. Among the fields discussed are astronomy, the Roman surveyors, Aristotelian science, Renaissance and modern biology, contemporary medicine, ancient Chinese philosophy, 20th-century physics, and colonial linguistics. Confronting ancient with modern terminologies, the collection intends to test integrative interpretive approaches. Thus, the collection documents how rich ancient (and modern) terminologies are and shows that they are, beyond lexicography, worth being studied per se.

Clemency plays an important role among Livy's concepts of value. This work offers a wide-ranging analysis of this virtue, in order to highlight its impact and pattern of distribution in Livy's History of Rome. Clemency is pleaded, exercised or denied within different areas (family, especially concerning fathers and sons, justice and army), which are all characterized by an uneven relationship between those who decide to exercise it or not, and those who may benefit from it. The conception that comes out is not monolithic at all, but evolves throughout the course of Livy's work, and is related to various characters and situations. In this regard, clemency is a relevant ingredient for resolving conflicts at a political and diplomatic level, as well as a strategy for gaining the consent of the defeated. Lastly, special attention has been paid to the political and cultural environment contemporary to Livy, with the aim of ascertaining its influence on the author's perception of clemency. This book is addressed to those who are interested in Livy's historical work and, more specifically, in the role that clemency plays in Livy's political and moral ideology.

In Greek and Latin, tropes (τρόποι) are generally defined as variations from a linguistic and stylistic norm (κυριολογία), either for stylistic purposes or for necessity. In this sense, they lie somewhere between a purely grammatical and a more rhetorical nature, since they may involve alterations of morphology, the semantic sphere of words, or syntactic peculiarities aimed at achieving a special expressive effect. Because of their ambiguous nature, tropes are in close proximity to what are commonly known as rhetorical figures (σχήματα). From the Ancient times all the way to the Byzantine era, Greek grammarians wrote several treatises on tropes (περὶ τρόπων). This book offers a critical edition of the extant texts on tropes transmitted by mediaeval codices, i.e. the ones attributed to grammarians such as Concordius, Georgius Choeroboscus, and the so-called 'Trypho I', 'Trypho II', 'Trypho III', 'Anonymus III' and 'Anonymus IV'. Each text is accompanied by an Italian translation. In the Introduction, besides a generic overview on the concept of trope (its genesis, its meaning(s), its development throughout centuries), an analysis of the contents and of the reciprocal relations between all these treatises is provided.

Quelle importance accorder à la pastorale scolaire　? En Belgique francophone, près de la moitié des jeunes sont inscrits dans une école catholique fréquentée par une population riche en diversité culturelle et religieuse. Compte tenu des processus de détraditionalisation, de pluralisation et d'individualisation, une double problématique émerge dans ce contexte　 d'une part, quelle vision du jeune et de l'homme la pastorale scolaire tente-t-elle de faire émerger　? D'autre part, comment conjuguer la multi-convictionalité des acteurs et la dimension confessante dans l'école catholique　? Après avoir contextualisé notre recherche par des approches sociétales, historiques et empiriques, nous présenterons cinq concepts de la pensée tillichienne　 les frontières, la bipolarité entre la substance catholique et le principe protestant, la théonomie et ses harmoniques, la rencontre interreligieuse et la préoccupation ultime. Ces cinq concepts seront ensuite mis en dialogue avec des penseurs de notre temps. Avec ce travail de théologie pratique, le lecteur trouvera une manière nouvelle de penser l'identité de l'école catholique et de faire vivre la pastorale grâce à de modèles repensés en adéquation avec le terrain actuel.

Hebrew encyclopedias have an intriguing history. The genre, which began as modest initiatives to disseminate general knowledge and strengthen literacy among Russian Jews, quickly became the most popular in modern Hebrew literature, with tens of thousands of subscribers to publications such as Encyclopaedia Hebraica and Encyclopaedia Biblica.The makers of these vast bodies of knowledge hoped to demonstrate Hebrew's mimetic power and the vitality of newly created Jewish research institutions. They also hoped that the encyclopedias would be an essential tool in shaping and reshaping Zionist national culture and nurturing an ideal national persona. Thus, the printed pages of the encyclopedias give us unique access to what Zionists were saying about themselves, how they perceived their neighbors, and what they were hoping for the future, thereby going beyond the official Zionists documents, newspaper articles, and the writings of intellectuals that have been used extensively by historians to narrate national consciousness.By bringing to the fore these unique texts, The Book of the People presents common perceptions of memory and collective identity that often do not fit with the narratives offered by historians of Zionism. In doing so, the book also exposes ethical codes that regulated the production of Zionist knowledge and endowed the encyclopedias with a rare status as a bona fide source for truths by people from diverse political and social backgrounds.

Desde la Antigüedad clásica, la literatura ha ido configurando una serie de personajes femeninos para ser inculcados como modelos de conducta a las mujeres. Muchos de ellos se han convertido en estereotipos representativos de virtudes inherentes y deseables en el sexo femenino o, por el contrario, encarnan comportamientos reprobatorios. Se pretende con ello establecer códigos de conducta que redefinan su papel como hijas, esposas y madres, pero también como protagonistas de la vida cultural y, en algunos casos, política. Estos once estudios de acreditados especialistas, ordenados con un criterio temático-temporal, ofrecen una extensa y profunda panorámica sobre los arquetipos femeninos desde la Antigüedad hasta el siglo XVI, con un análisis de sus orígenes, evolución y función desde un enfoque histórico y literario. Se abordan en ellos los discursos teóricos y el estudio de figuras femeninas tradicionales, haciendo una relectura reivindicativa de las mismas, o analizando el proceso de reformulación y de semantización que han sufrido. En definitiva, este volumen constituye una importante aportación a la historia de las mentalidades y, más en concreto, a la historia de las mujeres como pieza clave de la cultura intelectual de Occidente.

Livius stellt in der ersten Pentade seines Geschichtswerks die Geschichte der Stadt Rom und ihrer unmittelbaren Umgebung von der Gründung bis zum Jahr 390 v. Chr. dar. Ausgehend von der praefatio, in der Livius sich zu Art und Absicht seiner Darstellung äußert, untersucht dieses Buch die literarische Technik, die Livius für die Darstellung der Stadt Rom in dieser Zeit anwendet.

This book sets out to provide a matrix for surveying the literary treatment of biblical tropes. It supplies an overview of the literary reception of the Bible from the earliest times right through to contemporary writers such as Jeanette Winterson and Colm Tóibín, traces the literary reception and treatment of the Book of Job; the figure of Uriah in the narrative of David and Bathsheba; the figure of Lilith; and Angels of Death and of Mercy. These are all handled as specimen histories. This is followed by an examination of the output of several specific early and later Twentieth-Century rewriters of the Bible. In the last chapters, three sets of other writers under particular headings ("the Great Disrupters" etc.) are grouped together with a view to finding common characteristics as well as unique features in their approach to biblical tropes and provide conclusions and suggestions for further research.

The book presents an analysis of communicative structures and deictic elements in Hellenistic dedicatory epigrams. Moving from the most recent linguistic theories on pragmatics and considering together both Stein- and Buchepigramme, this study investigates the linguistic means that are employed in texts transmitted on different media (the stone and the book) to point to and describe their spatial and temporal context. The research is based on the collection of a new corpus of Hellenistic book and inscribed dedicatory epigrams, which were compared to pre-Hellenistic dedicatory epigrams in order to highlight the crucial changes that characterise the development of the epigrammatic genre in the Hellenistic era. By demonstrating that the evolution of the epigrammatic genre moved on the same track for book and stone epigrams, this work offers an important contribution to the ongoing debate on the history of the epigrammatic genre and aims to stimulate further reflection on a poetic genre, which, since its origins in the Greek world, has been successful both in ancient and modern literary traditions.

The case studies presented in this volume help illuminate the rationale for the founding of libraries in an age when books were handwritten, thus contributing to the comparative history of libraries. They focus on examples ranging from the seventh to the seventeenth century emanating from the Muslim World, East Asia, Byzantium and Western Europe. Accumulation and preservation are the key motivations for the development of libraries. Rulers, scholars and men of religion were clearly dedicated to collecting books and sought to protect these fragile objects against the various hazards that threatened their survival. Many of these treasured books are long gone, but there remain hosts of evidence enabling one to reconstruct the collections to which they belonged, found in ancient buildings, literary accounts, archival documentation and, most crucially, catalogues. With such material at hand or, in some cases, the manuscripts of a certain library which have come down to us, it is possible to reflect on the nature of these libraries of the past, the interests of their owners, and their role in the intellectual history of the manuscript age.

This volume explores the theme of marginality in the literature and history of the Neronian and Flavian periods. As a concept of modern criticism, the term marginality has been applied to the connection between the uprooted experience of immigrant communities and the subsequent diasporas these groups formed in their new homes. The concept also covers individuals or groups who were barred from access to resources and equal opportunities based on their deviation from a "normal" or dominant culture or ideology. From a literary vantage point, we are interested in the voices of "marginal," or underappreciated authors and critical voices. The distinction between marginalia and "the" text is often nebulous, with marginal comments making their way into the paradosis and being regarded, in modern criticism, as important sources of information in their own right. The analysis of relevant passages from various authors including Lucan, Petronius, Persius, Philo of Alexandria, Pliny the Elder, Silius Italicus, and Statius, as well as the Moretum of the Appendix Vergiliana is vital for our understanding of the treatment of marginalized people in various literary genres in relation to each one's different purposes.

The author's starting point is the interweaving of forgiveness and resentment in the works of Jewish writers after the Holocaust, most especially Hannah Arendt and Jean Améry, to make sense of the catastrophe and to point to a way forward for both victims and perpetrators. The insights of these two writers and of several Jewish novelists and poets, including Bruno Schulz, Paul Celan, and Aharon Appelfeld, are used to develop accounts of forgiveness and resentment in other cases of mass atrocity around the world. The author offers a critical rereading of primary sources that aim to separate resentment from nonviolent resistance, and forgiveness from reconciliation. Forgiveness and resentment are not, as they might first appear, mutually exclusive. Together with Arendt, Améry, and Walter Benjamin, it is argued that it is through the interaction between them that victims of mass atrocity become agents of personal and cultural change. Together, forgiveness and resentment interrupt the present, reframe the past, and shape the future. They can reduce the chasm that separates memory and trust by fashioning new connections between identity and alterity, which can open paths to truly ethical coexistence for victims and perpetrators, and their descendants.

This volume focuses on the representation of the recent past in classical Athenian oratory and investigates the ability of the orators to interpret it according to their interests; the inability of the Athenians to make an objective assessment of it; and the unwillingness of the citizens to hear the truth, make self-criticism and take responsibility for bad results. Twenty-eight scholars have written chapters to this end, dealing with a wide range of themes, in terms both of contents and of chronology, from the fifth to the fourth century B.C. Each contributor has written a chapter that analyzes one or more historical events mentioned or alluded in the corpus of the Attic orators and covers the three species of Attic oratory. Chapters that treat other issues collectively are also included. The common feature of each contribution is an outline of the recent events that took place and influenced the citizens and/or the city of Athens and its juxtaposition with their rhetorical treatment by the orators either by comparing the rhetorical texts with the historical sources and/or by examining the rhetorical means through which the speakers model the recent past. This book aims at advanced students and professional scholars. This volume focuses on the representation of the recent past in classical Athenian oratory and investigates: the ability of the orators to interpret it according to their interests; the inability of the Athenians to make an objective assessment of persons and events of the recent past and their unwillingness to hear the truth, make self-criticism and take responsibility for bad results.

A comprehensive study of the Greek translations of Latin terminology has long been recognized as a desideratum in classical philology and ancient history. This volume is the first in a planned series of monographs that will address that need. It is based on a large and growing database of Greek translations of Latin, the GRETL project. It offers a comprehensive analysis of the translations of Roman gods in literary Greek, addressing Roman and Greek cult, shrines, legend, mythology, and cultural interaction. Its primary focus is on Greek literature, especially the works of Plutarch, Appian, Cassius Dio, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, and Diodorus, but it also incorporates important translations from many other authors, as well as evidence from epigraphy and the Byzantine Glossaria. Although its focus is on Greek literature and translation, the process of translation was a joint endeavor of ancient Greeks and Romans, beginning in the prehistoric interactions in the Forum Boarium, Etruria, and Magna Graecia, and continuing through late antiquity. This volume thus provides an essential resource for philologists, religious scholars, and historians of Rome and Greece alike.

The volume offers an innovative and systematic exploration of the diverse ways in which Later Greek Epic interacts with the Latin literary tradition. Taking as a starting point the premise that it is probable for the Greek epic poets of the Late Antiquity to have been familiar with leading works of Latin poetry, either in the original or in translation, the contributions in this book pursue a new form of intertextuality, in which the leading epic poets of the Imperial era (Quintus of Smyrna, Triphiodorus, Nonnus, and the author of the Orphic Argonautica) engage with a range of models in inventive, complex, and often covert ways. Instead of asking, in other words, whether Greek authors used Latin models, we ask how they engaged with them and why they opted for certain choices and not for others. Through sophisticated discussions, it becomes clear that intertexts are usually systems that combine ideology, cultural traditions, and literary aesthetics in an inextricable fashion. The book will prove that Latin literature, far from being distinct from the Greek epic tradition of the imperial era, is an essential, indeed defining, component within a common literary and ideological heritage across the Roman empire.

Based on two international conferences held at Cornell University and the Freie Universität of Berlin in 2010 and 2015, this volume is the first ever to explicitly address the destruction of plaster cast collections of ancient Mediterranean and Western sculpture. Focusing on Europe, the Americas, and Japan, art historians, archaeologists and a literary scholar discuss how different museum and academic traditions - national as well as disciplinary -, notions of value and authenticity, or colonialism impacted the fate of collections. The texts offer detailed documentation of degrees of destruction by spectacular acts of defacement, demolition, discarding, or neglect. They also shed light on the accompanying discourses regarding aesthetic ideals, political ideologies, educational and scholarly practices, or race. With destruction being understood as a critical part of reception, the histories of cast collections defy the traditional, homogenous narrative of rise and decline. Their diverse histories provide critical evidence for rethinking the use and display of plaster cast collections in the contemporary moment.

The present volume of Key Concepts in Interreligious Discourses offers a fascinating insight into the history, the main ideas and current developments in economic thought from the perspective of the three major monotheistic faiths Judaism, Christianity and Islam. The reader encounters topics such as price control in rabbinic Judaism, Christian monks elaborating the foundations of modern accounting, and the latest innovations in Islamic banking. Each article has been written by a renowned expert on the subject and offers a historical overview over the development of the concept, the theological and philosophical principles in the Holy Scriptures of each faith, an outline of the practical application of the concept in the present, its significance for the future, and many more.

Europe is a broad and multifaceted construct, variously understood as a geographical, political, legal, institutional, social, or cultural formation. It is characterized by numerous conflicts and processes of negotiation that have accompanied or sustained the development of normative orders and divergent conceptions of law, both in relation to individual states and to Europe as a whole. The same applies to the field of literature, language, and aesthetics; numerous myths and ideologies have shaped today's understanding of Europe and still support it today. This volume examines how such processes were legally structured, and literarily addressed, criticized, and complemented. Its interdisciplinary perspective and open and dynamic, both dialogical and dialectical format intends to replicate the fragmented, sometimes conflicting, but always productive mosaic of voices, ideas, and concepts that have constituted and still constitute Europe, whether in the past, present, or future. Instead of resolving any of the complexities and contradictions that frame discussions on law, literature, and Europe, it aims to induce further engagement and confrontations with new and alternative visions of Europe.

In the last twenty years, how has U.S.-American writing and the reading public responded to the complexity of an American culture resolutely situated in a larger, highly politicized, globalized world undergoing radical change? The 20th-century modes of realism and postmodernism have been succeeded by writerly practices that are that are invested in the idea of embodied 'authenticity' and that are relatable to neorealism, whether it be via outright affirmation or critical experimentation and appropriation. The individual case studies mark the ways in which postmillennial U.S.-American writing is marked by an ongoing awareness toward complexity and the entanglement of writers and the reading public with pressing political concerns, and, at times oppressive, social and economic discursive and structural formations. These contributions further attest to how narrative and structural complexity, grammatical and lexical sophistication, and social nuance endure as the main literary modes of confronting 21st-century political life. This volume is thus of interest for both the study of U.S.-American political culture and U.S.-American literature.

Alongside Cicero and Pliny the Younger, Emperor Augustus has been the third important writer of private letters in the Late Republic period and the early Principate. However, his letters have only been preserved by indirect transmission, i.e., as quotations and paraphrases in the work of later authors. Together with a study on the ancient textual and reception history of the letters, this volume contains an edition of the fragments with a commentary.

This book proposes the concept of "fictional contamination" to capture the fact that fictionalization and literary complexity can be found across different kinds of narrative. Exploring conversational storytelling in oral history and other interviews from socionarratological perspectives, the book systematically discusses key narrative features such as story templates, dialogue, double deixis, focalization or perspective-taking and mind representation as well as special narrative forms including second-person narration and narratives of vicarious experience. These features and forms attest to storytellers' linguistic creativity and serve the function of involving listeners by making stories more interesting. Shared by fictional and conversational narratives at a basic level, they can bring conversational stories closer to fiction and potentially compromise their credibility if used extensively. Detailed analyses of broad-ranging examples are undertaken against a rich narrative-theoretical background drawn from the fields of narratology, linguistics, oral history, life storytelling, psychology and philosophy. The book is of interest to scholars and students working in these fields and anyone fascinated by the richness of conversational storytelling.

Das Stefan-George-Jahrbuch erscheint seit 1996 im zweijährigen Rhythmus. Es versteht sich als offenes, der sachlichen Diskussion verpflichtetes Organ der George-Forschung. Platz finden Vorträge, Aufsätze, kleinere Editionen und Rezensionen zu Stefan George (1868-1933), seinem Werk, seinem Kreis, zur Rezeptionsgeschichte, aber auch Beiträge zu Epochenproblemen, zu literarischen Gruppenbildungen oder zur sogenannten Konservativen Revolution.

Mit Beiträgen herausragender Expert/-innen auf dem Feld der ostasiatischen Kunstgeschichte und Glaskunst eröffnet die vorliegende Publikation einen kulturübergreifenden Dialog, wobei der Schwerpunkt auf einem bislang wenig untersuchten Bereich asiatischer Kunst liegt. Erstmals wird ein umfassender Überblick über die chinesische Hinterglasmalerei präsentiert und ihrer langen Geschichte, ihrer lokalen und globalen Verbreitung sowie ihren künstlerischen und technischen Eigenschaften nachgegangen. Die fragilen Kunstwerke, die untersucht werden, wurden sowohl für den Export nach Europa als auch für den Verkauf in China selbst produziert. Sie sind von größter Bedeutung für die visuelle Kultur Chinas und legen Zeugnis vom intensiven kulturellen und künstlerischen Austausch zwischen China und dem Westen ab.

This book introduces the latest developments in data-centric engineering, including different artificial intelligence and machine learning approaches, as well as their wide range of applications for long-term monitoring and health assessment of mechanical, aerospace and complex infrastructure systems. Leading scholars in the field demonstrate these emerging techniques assure the longevity of engineered systems and predict their life cycles.

The present edition and translation of the rabbinic work Pesiqta Rabbati is a critical Hebrew edition, including a modern English translation on facing pages. Pesiqta Rabbati contains rabbinic homilies for Jewish holy days and special Sabbaths.

Being a historian of Germany and of the German-Jews in modern times, the author has written numerous essays on the history and historiography of Antisemitism in this country. Some of them are rather well-known, such as the essay on "Antisemitism as a Cultural Code", and others were printed in peripheral journals and Festschrifts or were never published in English. Since the phenomenon of Jew-hating is now once again an issue discussed by scholars and non-scholars alike, both in Europe and in the United States, and especially since it now arouses particular interest in the context of the Palestinian fight against Israel, it seems timely to re-publish these essays in a slightly revised form, and attach to them an extended introduction as well as a follow-up essay at the end, updating old notions, reformulating some and adding commentary on controversies that are being conducted today regarding the term Antisemitism, its various contexts and the phenomenon it signifies. Freshly looking at Antisemitism in Germany before, during and after National-Socialism seems to be needed at this point in time.

Il presente volume intende indagare la tematica dell'ars dictaminis secondo un approccio di impianto codicologico e paleografico, ovvero attraverso lo studio primario delle testimonianze manoscritte che si prefigge di condurre ad una migliore contestualizzazione storica del fenomeno, e di analizzare le strette interrelazioni esistenti tra l'ars dictaminis e il sistema politico e sociale dell'epoca. Apre il volume una introduzione di carattere generale sullo scopo e sulla metodologia adoperata nella ricerca, e sull'importanza di una impostazione codicologica alla questione. Nei due capitoli successivi si individueranno gli aspetti caratterizzanti la produzione e la circolazione manoscritta dettatoria riguardante, rispettivamente, i secoli XIII e XIV, e il periodo umanistico. Segue un quarto capitolo dove si illustreranno, in un'ottica comparativa, le peculiarità della tradizione manoscritta di autori e testi in rapporto con le opere del retore bolognese, come la Brevis introductio ad dictamen di Giovanni di Bonandrea, i trattati morali di Albertano da Brescia e la Piccola dottrina del parlare e del tacere. Concluderanno il volume tavole sinottiche finalizzate a rendere facilmente consultabile l'elenco dei testimoni analizzati.