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Prosody as a system of suprasegmental linguistic information such as rhythm and intonation is a prime candidate for looking at the relation between language and music in a principled way. This claim is based on several aspects: First, prosody is concerned with acoustic correlates of language and music that are directly comparable with each other by their physical properties such as duration and pitch. Second, prosodic accounts suggest a hierarchical organization of prosodic units that not only resembles a syntactic hierarchy, but is viewed as (part of) an interface to syntax. Third, prosody provides a very promising ground for evolutionary accounts of language and music. Fourth, bilateral transfer effects between language and music are best illustrated on the level of prosody. Highlighting the first two aspects, this book shows that it is a fruitful endeavor to use prosody for a principled comparison of language and music. In its broader sense, prosody as sound structure of communicative systems may be considered a meta-language that formalizes the way of "how music speaks to language and vice versa". Prosody is firmly established within linguistic theory, but is also applied in the musical domain. Therefore, prosody is not just a field of inquiry that shares elements or features between music and language, but can additionally provide a common conceptual ground.

Polymer Surface Characterization provides a comprehensive approach to the surface analysis of polymers of technological interest by means of modern analytical techniques. Basic principles, operative conditions, applications, performance, and limiting features are supplied, together with current advances in instrumental apparatus. Each chapter is devoted to one technique and is self-consistent; the end-of-chapter references would allow the reader a quick access to more detailed information.After an introductory chapter, techniques that can interrogate the very shallow depth of a polymer surface, spanning from the top few angstroms in secondary ions mass spectrometry to 2-10 nm in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are discussed, followed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chapters on characterization by scanning probe microscopy, electron microscopies, wettability and spectroscopic ellipsometry.

Emotions have increasingly attracted the attention of the sciences and academia. The topic is all the more timely since we have witnessed a global trend towards highly emotionalized discourses across societies and religions. Discourses are less guided by rational arguments and "facts". Instead, narratives, sometimes manipulative, influence the thoughts and activi-ties of our societies. In this context, the authoritative texts of the monotheistic religions are experiencing a renaissance. Tanach, Bible and Qur'an do not only "emotionalize", they also offer ancient concepts of emotions which affect the present.This book brings the interdependencies of antiquity and (post)modernity into an interdisci-plinary discussion. How should we understand feelings at all? This book explores the ap-proaches to emotions as portrayed and understood in various sources and disciplines. The contributors share their perspectives on methodological questions concerning research on the emotions. Scholars in religious studies and theology from different traditions-Jewish, Christian, Islamic-enter into dialogue with other disciplines, such as psychology, literary studies, sociology, cultural studies, philosophy, and historiography.

Are religions like everything else in the world subject of permanent change - in their practices and their doctrines - or are they the perhaps only stable element for people in a world of permanent change? Within the wide field of this discourse alternative, the five authors - Rowan Williams, Judith Wolfe, Guy G. Stroumsa, Vassilis Saroglou and Azza Karam - of the book are discussing various constellations, in which the relation of religion and change with its diverse aspects is illuminated.

For the first time, this volume presents a geographically and phenomenologically broad range of case studies on late medieval changes of rule, from dynastic succession to conquest by force. The focus will be on the border regions of Latin Europe, political and cultural contact zones with distinctive dynamics. By presenting examples from the Canaries to Moscow and from Sicily to Norway, late medieval Europe will be covered in all its diversity.

Recentering the Sufi Shrine　is a study of ritual, Sufi eschatology, and vernacular theopoetics of pilgrimage to Sufi shrines in the Indus region of Pakistan. The book examines the distinction between two different ritual contestations over pilgrimage to Sufi tombs: (1) an exposition of　Ṭariqa-i Muhammadiyya's millenarian Scripturalist reform of Sufism, and (2) Bulleh Shah's (d. 1767) vernacular Sufism, a hard-hitting Sufi-poet of textual ("bookish") knowledge of religious scholars. This is the first work examining the legal theology of ritual intervention in using scripture to regulate the resurrected bodies of saints, on the one hand, and the ritual metaphysics of　presence　in understanding the significance and meaning of Sufi shrines, on the other.

Paul's use of λογικὴ λατρεία in Rom 12.1 has long fascinated and puzzled interpreters. This study proposes a new explanation of Paul's reason language in Rom 12.1 based on a detailed investigation of ancient philosophical texts on the role of human beings in the cosmos, in which reason language and the idea of a vocation of human beings are closely connected. It argues that Paul here appeals to the idea of a human vocation in order to claim that Christ-followers are able to fulfil their human vocation by living in such a way that their lives produce signs of the new creation inaugurated in Christ.This case is made by establishing the central role of reason in ancient discourse on what it means to be human more broadly, and in particular in Epictetus, who provides the clearest parallel for Romans. These contextualisations allow for a fresh reading of Paul's argument in Romans, where the relevance of these traditions is shown, not least for how Rom 12.1-2 frames Rom 12-15.The study thus contributes to the recent scholarly trend of exploring Paul in ancient philosophical contexts and advances the discussion on the integration of Paul's "theology" and "ethics" within an ancient cultural encyclopedia.

This book investigates the relationship between nineteenth-century German theological Wissenschaft and the emergence of confessional Lutheranism. This study argues that the first generation of confessional Lutherans contributed to the discourse over the nature of theological Wissenschaft. Part I examines the intellectual context of nineteenth-century theological Wissenschaft. Chapter 2 presents Kant's and Schelling's conceptions of Wissenschaft in relationship to theology. Chapter 3 analyzes Schleiermacher's contribution to the debate about the integrity of theology as a Wissenschaft, and concludes by considering the developments represented by F.C. Baur and Albrecht Ritschl. Part II investigates the different Lutheran approaches to theological Wissenschaft represented by Adolf Harleß, August Vilmar, and Johannes von Hofmann. Chapter 4 examines Harleß's Theologische Encyklopädie as the first expression towards a confessional Lutheran Wissenschaft. Chapter 5 highlights Vilmar's antagonistic posture towards modern German theology, while attending to his construction of an alternative approach to modern theology. Chapters 6 and 7 contextualize Hofmann against the landscape of German theology, while situating his theological Wissenschaft within his contentious work Der Schriftbeweis. Chapter 8 reflects upon these efforts at establishing a theological Wissenschaft in service to the church and the university.

Although digressive discourse constitutes a key feature of Greco-Roman historiography, we possess no collective volume on the matter. The chapters of this book fill this gap by offering an overall view of the use of digressions in Greco-Roman historical prose from its beginning in the 5th century BCE up to the Imperial Era. Ancient historiographers traditionally took as digressions the cases in which they interrupted their focused chronological narration. Such cases include lengthy geographical descriptions, prolepses or analepses, and authorial comments. Ancient historiographers rarely deign to interrupt their narration's main storyline with excursuses which are flagrantly disconnected from it. Instead, they often "coat" their digressions with distinctive patterns of their own thinking, thus rendering them ideological and thematic milestones within an entire work. Furthermore, digressions may constitute pivotal points in the very structure of ancient historical narratives, while ancient historians also use excursuses to establish a dialogue with their readers and to activate them in various ways. All these aspects of digressions in Greco-Roman historiography are studied in detail in the chapters of this volume.

Despite the significant work carried out on the text, transmission, materiality, and scribal habits preserved in the Chester Beatty Biblical Papyri since their acquisition by Beatty ninety years ago in 1931, these early copies of Jewish scripture and the New Testament have, for the most part, belonged primarily to textual critics. The goal of this book is to resituate this important collection of manuscripts in broader contexts, examining their significance in conversation with papyrology as a discipline, in the context of other ancient literary traditions preserved on papyri, and in discussion with the intellectual and cultural history of collecting, colonialism, and scholarly rhetoric. The Chester Beatty Biblical Papyri, and other papyrological collection with which they are inextricably bound, remind us of the critical value of examining old manuscripts afresh in their historical, scholarly, and intellectual contexts. These studies are relevant for all scholars who work with manuscripts and ancient texts of any variety.

This monograph provides an alternative model for looking at the old question about Paul and the mysteries in a new light. Specifically, this study compares rituals-baptism in the Pauline communities and the initiation rituals of the mysteries-through the lens of cultural anthropology and the sociology of religion. Three research questions lead the project: What benefits does each initiation ritual promise its participants? What are the underlying messages or structures that guarantee the efficacy of those rituals? How and to what extent is the initiation ritual connected to the participants' cognition and ethics beyond initiation itself? Taking those questions as the analytical framework, this study substantiates two points: first, in terms of ritual messages, baptism in the Pauline communities is a ritual analogous to mystery initiation, and second, Paul is an innovative interpreter of ritual who recalibrates the messages of preexisting rituals for his theological and ethical program, seeking to radically extend the implications of initiation to the embodied life of every Christ-believer. Students and scholars of New Testament, early Christianity, classics, and ritual studies will benefit from engaging this volume.

The long felt absence of a trustworthy critical edition of Philostratus' Life of Apollonius of Tyana has been remedied by the publication of the new Teubner edition of this text, published in 2022. In the preface to the edition the publication of a companion volume was announced. This book fulfils this promise. After an introduction dealing with the transmission of the text and with Philostratus' Greek there follows an extensive series of critical notes in which a large number of editorial choices are explained. In these notes much attention is paid both to the morphological and syntactic peculiarities of Greek of the Imperial period in general and to the idiosyncratic syntax employed by Philostratus in particular. The notes deal with every aspect of the text, ranging from the use of particles and word order to moods and tenses, and containing ample discussions of conjectures and interpretations of earlier scholars. This book is an indispensable working tool for scholars using the new Teubner edition of the Life of Apollonius. It also caters for the needs of students of Greek language and literature in general, and especially of those interested in the Second Sophistic and the works of Flavius Philostratus.

This study, based on extensive archival research, sheds light on the writings attributed to the sixteenth-century sculptor Baccio Bandinelli (Libro del disegno, Memoriale) and analyses them in their historical and artistic context, while offering a portrait of the erudite activity of Bandinelli's grandson, Baccio the Younger, within the broader framework of early modern genealogical culture in Florence.

Este volumen ofrece una cartografía de las reflexiones críticas producidas en el ámbito de la prensa y el pensamiento iberoamericano sobre el impacto social, político, económico y cultural de la pandemia de coronavirus con técnicas y herramientas de análisis del Big Data. A partir de más de 15.000 artículos publicados durante el primer año de pandemia en América Latina y España, el libro propone un estudio cuantitativo y cualitativo por campos epistémicos: i) geopolítico (por países, con especial atención a los del Sur y, por tanto, al replanteamiento de las relaciones Norte-Sur, paralelo al reenfoque de las relaciones Oriente-Occidente); ii) de género (cómo afecta a la mujer, cuerpos feminizados y colectivo LGTBIQ); iii) biopolítico (las principales ideas que han generado los discursos nacionales/transnacionales sobre las regulaciones sociales de nuestras formas de vida y de muerte durante la expansión de esta enfermedad); iv) filosófico-cultural, haciendo balance de los diferentes enfoques desde los que se ha abordado la pandemia de Covid-19, considerando cómo se han modulado en ellos las ideas de humanismo, cultura, arte, sociabilidad, ficción, afectos y otros conceptos del campo de la bioética.

The interdisciplinary study investigates the relationship between Norse and Saami peoples in the medieval period and focuses on the multifaceted portrayal of Saami peoples in medieval texts. The investigative analysis is anchored in postcolonial methodologies and argues for the inherent need to decolonise the medieval source-material as well as recent historiography. This is achieved by presenting the historiographic and political background of research into Norse-Saami relations, before introducing an overview of textual sources discussing Saami peoples from the classical period to the late 1400s, an analysis of the textual motifs associated with the Saami in medieval literature (their relevance and prevalence), geo-political affairs, trading relations, personal relations and Saami presence in the south. By using decolonising tools to read Norse-Saami relations in medieval texts, influenced by archaeological material and postcolonial frameworks, the study challenges lingering colonial assumptions about the role of the Saami in Norse society. The current research episteme is re-adjusted to offer alternative readings of Saami characters and emphasis is put on agency, fluidity and the dynamic realities of the Saami medieval pasts.

The present volume contains twelve chapters authored by specialists of Asian, African and European manuscript cultures reflecting on the cohesion of written artefacts, particularly manuscripts. Assuming that 'codicological units' exist in every manuscript culture and that they are usually composed of discrete elements (such as clay tablets, papyrus sheets, bamboo slips, parchment bifolios, palm leaves), the issue of the cohesion of the constituents is a general one. The volume presents a series of case studies on devices and strategies adopted to achieve this cohesion by manuscript cultures distant in space (from China to West Africa) and time (from the third millennium bce to the present). This comparative view provides the frame for the understanding of a phenomenon that appears to be of essential importance for the study of the structure of written artefacts. Regardless of the way in which cohesion is realised, all strategies and devices that allow the constituents to be kept together are subsumed under the term 'binding'. Thus, it is possible to highlight similarities, convergences, and unique physical and technical methods adopted by various manuscript cultures to face a common challenge.

This is the second volume on the mechanisms of oral communication in ancient Greece, focused on epic poetry, a genre with deep roots in orality. Considering the critical debate about orality and its influence on the composition, diffusion and transmission of the archaic epic poems, the survey provides a reconsideration and a reassessment of the traces of orality in the archaic epic poetry, following their adaptation in the synchronic and diachronic changes of the communicative system. Combining the methods of cognitive science, and the historical and literary analysis of the texts, the research explores the complexity of the literary message of the Greek epic poetry, highlighting its position in a system of oral communication. The consideration of structural and formal aspects, i.e. the traces of orality in the narrative architecture, in the epic diction, in the meter and the formulaic system, as well as the vestiges of the mixture of orality and writing, allows to reconstruct a dynamic frame of communicative modalities which influenced and enriched the archaic epic poetry, providing it with expressive potentialities destined to a longlasting permanence in the history of the genre.

This volume studies the profile of one of the most important figures of sixteenth-century Florence, Giovan Battista Gelli, highlighting some less studied aspects generally believed to be marginal in the context of his work. Not only was Gelli deeply interested in figurative art, attested in several works of his, he can also be considered one of the protagonists of the sixteenth-century debates on Dante.

The author approaches the phenomenon 'religious experience' through a qualitative study in which young, urban people from Europe and the USA are empirically examined. It becomes clear that individuals themselves are constructive agents of experience and theology. Religious experience manifests itself as a transformative perspective of hope in the lives of young people. The study ends with a plea for a theology from below, based on liberation theology and feminist theories, in which contextual perspectives are central to practical theological theorising.

Este libro comprende un estudio sociofonético del habla de los presidentes y ministros de origen andaluz en el Gobierno de España entre 1923 y 2011. Se presenta un análisis cuantitativo de los principales rasgos lingüísticos del discurso de estos dirigentes para conocer, por un lado, las características de su producción oral y, por otro, para poner de manifiesto la existencia de posibles procesos de convergencia y divergencia entre las variedades en contacto -la andaluza y la centropeninsular- a lo largo de todo el siglo estudiado; y es que, al asumir cargos importantes en la política nacional, estas personalidades andaluzas se integran en una comunidad de habla diferente, considerada, además, como más prestigiosa, al menos en lo que al español europeo peninsular se refiere. Todos estos fenómenos son puestos en relación con un conjunto de variables internas (lingüísticas) y externas (socioestilísticas), que permiten conocer las dimensiones sociolingüísticas de su funcionamiento y distribución en los políticos estudiados. El libro constituye así una aportación original, tanto para la comunidad científica como para el público general, sobre una cuestión apenas estudiada hasta la fecha.

This volume aims to intensify the interdisciplinary dialogue on comics and related popular multimodal forms (including manga, graphic novels, and cartoons) by focusing on the concept of medial, mediated, and mediating agency. To this end, a theoretically and methodologically diverse set of contributions explores the interrelations between individual, collective, and institutional actors within historical and contemporary comics cultures. Agency is at stake when recipients resist hegemonic readings of multimodal texts. In the same manner, "authorship" can be understood as the attribution of agency of and between various medial instances and roles such as writers, artists, colorists, letterers, or editors, as well as with regard to commercial rights holders such as publishing houses or conglomerates and reviewers or fans. From this perspective, aspects of comics production (authorship and institutionalization) can be related to aspects of comics reception (appropriation and discursivation), and circulation (participation and canonization), including their potential for transmedialization and making contributions to the formation of the public sphere.

Volume I of Franco Montanari's "Kleine Schriften" comprises some 66 papers on ancient scholarship, a topic which he decisively helped establishing as an extremely important field of study; they include general surveys of Alexandrian and Pergamene philology, major contributions to ancient Homeric scholarship (with a particular emphasis on Aristarchus), ancient scholarship on Hesiod and Aeschylus, as well as an important number of editions and notes on papyrological scholarly texts. Volume II consists of 42 contributions to Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, Pindar, Aeschylus, Herodotus, Euripides, the Athenaion Politeia, Lucian, Nonnus, philosophical papyri, the reception of antiquity and portraits of contemporary scholars.

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The book is focused on Bio Products derived from renewable resources processed by conventional catalytic thermochemical processes and or emerging bioprocessing techniques including fermentation and synthetic biology. It highlights some of these developments--from discovery, lab feasibility, scale up and eventual commercialization of interest and value in all the major sectors of the economy.

Author portraits are the most common type of figural illustration in Greek manuscripts. The vast majority of them depict the evangelists Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. Being readily comparable to one another, such images illustrate the stylistic development of Byzantine painting. In addition, they often contain details which throw light on elements of Byzantine material culture such as writing utensils, lamps, domestic furniture, etc. This corpus offers catalogue descriptions of all evangelist portraits that survived from the Middle Byzantine period, i.e. from the mid-ninth to mid-thirteenth century. Items are arranged in roughly chronological order and are grouped according to common compositional types: readers will thus be able to trace iconographic similarities by going through a series of adjacent entries and to distinguish period styles by browsing through larger blocks of entries. The book thus provides, in effect, a selective survey of middle-Byzantine painting. A surprisingly large number of Byzantine evangelists portraits remain unpublished: seventy-five of the miniatures reproduced in this volume have never appeared in print before.

Are our concepts from prosodic typology, like word stress, pitch accent, head-/edge-prominence, really that tightly linked to individual languages? How are meanings often signaled via intonation in European languages, like information structure and sentence type, expressed in communicative acts between speakers who are bilingual in such a European language, Spanish, and one in which many of these meanings are expressed by morphology, Quechua? Based on semi-spontaneous dialogical elicitation data in both Spanish and Quechua gathered via fieldwork in the bilingual community of Huari, Peru, this work provides some challenging answers to these questions. Besides being the first detailed description of the prosody of a Central Quechuan language, it provides an in-depth study of the intonational systems and prosodic structures of the two languages and shows that their variation spaces overlap to a large extent, in turns exhibiting or not exhibiting evidence of word stress, pitch accents, lexical pitch accents in loanwords, and head- or edge-prominence.

Literature, images, and metaphor are often where most of a nation's history are embedded. A study of modern Kurdish literature highlights a fealty to a rich literary past and a rich source of historiography. The articles in this volume address many facets of the literary in the Kurdish world: proverbs, feminist literature, and resistance in literary works, poetry, prose, etc. In the end, the volume offers a general paradigm of the complex literary framework of the Kurds, their continuous resistance for nationhood in their history, and their modern reinventing of the self. An overview of some of the works in modern Kurdish literature points to both asymmetry and commonality in comparative literary studies. These works highight the thematic reach in Kurdish literary studies.